ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā pale e pale i ka māla mai nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi, ʻo nā hana e ʻoi loa ke kuhikuhi i ka hoʻouka ʻana: manu, ʻapī aphids, ʻōpū lapiki, mau ʻōpala hua, hua ʻōpala, pulehu ʻāmaʻomaʻi, nā ʻōpua me nā ʻū. ʻO ka pale o ka māla mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia ua lawe ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana, a mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa. Eia kekahi, no kēia pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa, i hōʻoia ʻia.
Ka pale ʻana i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau i ke kīhāpai mai ka uluna codling
Ke pale aku nei i ka māla mai nā pōpilikia pili i ka hakakā me ka mōʻī weliweli maikaʻi loa - ka pūpū codling. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, wehe ʻia nā kāʻei hīmeni a hoʻopau ʻia; ʻohi pinepine ʻia nā huaʻai ʻulaʻula ma laila no ka hoʻoilo, koe wale nō ka māla.
Akā ʻo nā lau e hāʻule ai o ka hua pā a me nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, holoi, a hōʻemi ʻia hoʻi i waho o ka māla. Inā lākou e ola i ka hāʻule o ka lau kūlohelohe, a laila olakino (i loaʻa i ka maʻi a me nā pōpoki i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ke kauwela).
E waiho a ʻōpala i nā lau i ka pūnāwai. Inā ʻaʻohe hau o ka hoʻoilo, he uhi pale e pale i ka honua mai ka manuahi.
I mea e pale aku ai i ka pulou, pono ʻoe e ʻoki a puhi i nā kumu kumu o nā kumulāʻau, nui nā aphids e hoʻomoʻi ma luna ona a me nāʻano o ka aphids mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo pinepine i ka hoʻoilo.
Red Apinger Apple Aphid e hōʻemi ʻia nō hoʻi inā i ka wā lūlū ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā kumu a me nā ʻōpala ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā ʻano make a hoʻopau ʻia.
I mea e pale ai i nā kumulāʻau 'āpau mai ka lālani codling a kokoke i ka hopena o ka ʻāʻī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka me ka lāʻau lāʻau. Mālama kēia ana i ka pale iā lākou i ka hoʻoilo mai ka lā a me ka hau.
Ke pale nei i ka māla mai nā pōpoki: ka hoʻomalu o ka kāpala kāpala
I ka wā e hāʻule ai, ninini ʻia nā poʻo kolamu ma nā moena. I ka wā e ulu nui ana, ʻo kona ʻenemi nui ka mea ʻōpala. Pehea e pale ai i ka māla mai kēia mau pōpilikia a pale i ka hua?
Kāwili koloti, kapa ʻia ʻo kāpeti, - kahi pōpō pāpaʻi maikaʻi ʻia e lele ana i loko o kā mākou papa māla. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna o kona mau eheu, me nā kihi ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi, a he ʻelua ʻeleʻele ka wahine.
Ke holo nei i ka manamana lima ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka butterfly, maʻalahi ke hoʻopau i ka "pollen", pili i ka manamana lima, a ma ka ʻēheu, he wahi i koe ma kēia wahi. ʻO kēia panina he launa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pae ʻoliʻoli ai, no laila nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpiopio i ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmole kahiko, no ka mea ke hui pū ʻia me kekahi mea, pau nā pāpaʻi.
He manu a mahana nui a aloha ka Belyanka, e hūnā ana i waena o nā mea kanu i ka ua me ke ao a i ka manawa haʻahaʻa. He lā ahi pākahi kēia, kona manawa holo mai ka 7 a 18 mau hola. ʻO nā meaʻai o ke keʻokeʻo, e like me ka hapa nui o nā kīmona, ʻo ka nectar momona ʻāhiu, i ʻohi ʻia e ka lele ʻana a e noho ana i nā pua.
I ka pūnāwai, i ʻole he mau kāpeti hua ʻai i nā māla a me nā kīla lāʻau e waiho ai i nā hua i nā hua kanu kanu. colza, ʻōpihi puaʻa, a pēlā aku a ʻike ka wā o ke kauwela, makemake nui ke keʻokeʻo i ka cauliflower a me ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo.
I ke kauwela, maʻamau ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻōpū i kā lākou hua ma nā lau i waho o ke poʻo o ka kāpeti, a he mea maʻalahi loa ke ʻike iā lākou i laila. e nānā wale i ka lalo o ka pā.
Ma kēia ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki o nā pala aniani, e nānā hou ʻia ka ʻōpala a luku ʻia e nā pipi āpau i nānā ʻia, me ka hāhai i ka pololei ma luna o ka lau.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule a me ka hapa, e puka mai nā anuʻi mai nā hua. ʻO ka meaʻai mua loa, ʻo ia ka pulupulu o ka hua, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e ʻili i ka ʻiʻo o ka lau, a ma hope mauʻu kaʻu. Ke ulu nā ʻōpala, hele lākou a hoʻomaka e ʻai i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka lau, koe wale nō i nā veins mānoanoa.
ʻAʻole hūnā ka kala i ka pala i ka ʻōpū o ka lau, ma kahi ʻē - ʻike maopopo ʻia lākou. Eia naʻe, aneane naʻe e hopu nā manu iā lākou, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pau lākou. ʻO ke kala o ka pōpoki i kēia hihia. A e like me nā mea ʻino a pau me ka waiho ʻana i ka ʻōlaʻi, ʻaʻole i hūnā ʻia nā kumulā o ke ʻōpala, akā noho wale ma ka lau.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i ka hōʻeha nui me ka mea liʻiliʻi; kā lākou mau'ōleʻa i kā lākou lau ma waena o nā lau o ke poʻo a hoʻoilo iā ia. I ke kauwela, ulu i kekahi mau hanauna o ka pōpoki. Hoʻopili i nā kāpeti, nā pōpoki keʻokeʻo hōʻino i ka rutabaga, ka huli, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻiwi a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
No ka pale ʻana i ka pīpī kuʻai o ka pīpī kuʻai ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau aʻe: Ali-ot, Fufanon-Nova, Iskra-M, Karbofos, Actellik.
Ka pale ʻana i nā kumulāʻau mai nā lāʻau pīpī ma o nā ʻano kūpono
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lōʻihi o nā lāʻau ʻoi ke kumu o ka make maʻamau o ka make ma mua o nā lāʻau i loko o nā māla mahiʻai. nāʻu ʻōpala, nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā wahie.
Mele huehue ʻōpala (hua ʻōpala)loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau i nā kumulāʻau o nā ʻano hua like ʻole, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka ʻāʻī ʻā ʻia o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻānai pinepine ʻo ia i ka hua lāʻau apika. Ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā hana pale e pale aku i kēia lāʻau kīlea, hiki iā ʻoe ke nalowale i nā hua liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā, i nā lāʻau pākeke.
Kahi ʻia ka nui o nā pīpī o kēia ʻano ma mua o nā pīpī o kahi sapwood i hoʻokoe ʻia (3-4.5 mm), me ke ʻano like lākou i ke ʻano like.
ʻO nā ʻōpala, nā larva a me nā pupae e like like me ma nā ʻano mua, akā ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻokumu ka sapwood hua i ka hanauna hoʻokahi. ʻŌpala i loko o ka papa huluhulu ma lalo o ka ʻili. I ka puna wai, ua hoʻopau lākou i ka hoʻomohala a me ka pupate. E lele nā pua ʻo Mei i Mei. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hana nui nā wahine i nā lua liʻiliʻi i loko o ke cortex, e like me nā lua o ke ki ʻana i nā pua liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke papa, ua holo kahi lumi liʻiliʻi. Mai kēia kāmera, hana kēlā me kēia wahine i ka mākau wahine.
Noho ka ʻōpala maʻamau i noho a i nā lālā a me nā kumulāʻau wale nō, maʻamau me ka ʻalupulu ʻia, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lālā a me nā kumulāʻau, a he poʻe olaola wale nō ma nā wahi kahi i hōʻala a i ʻole nā pono kīnā ʻole a pono ʻole. ʻO ka poino i hoʻonā ʻia i nā kumulāʻau huaʻa iā lākou e alakaʻi i ka nāwaliwali o nā mea kanu a wehe i nā ala hele o nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi maʻi.
Piʻi ikaika nā lāʻau olakino me kā lākou huehue i nā lua o ka lewa a me nā mahele ākea o ka pūpū, e make ana i ka make. Pau nā lāʻau lāʻau i nā lāʻau nalo.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā māla mai kēia mau pōpilikia ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hana pale.
I mea e pale ai i nā iniseti mai ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hua lāʻau, pono e mālama pono i nā lāʻau, ʻoi mua, koho i kahi kūpono no ke kanu. I mea e pale ai i nā pīpī ili, ʻaʻole pono e kau ʻia nā lāʻau ma nā wahi me ka wai hohonu. Pono mākou e hana me nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali i nā kumulāʻau i kahi manawa kūpono. Ke pale nei i nā kumulāʻau mai nā ʻuala, pono e hana kekahi pono e hāpai i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻili i kālai ʻia ka hopena o ka hana a nā manu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumulāʻau, ke koho i nā koʻi mai nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia no ka mea ʻai.
Inā pīpī ka ʻōleʻa paila i ka lāʻau, a laila i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela o nā pīpī, ʻoki ʻia nā lālā i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. I mea e pale aku ai i ka pīpī paʻu, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lāʻau make me ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻōpala, a hoʻopau koke. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻili i nā lālā ʻokiʻoki a me nā kumulāʻau no ka ululāʻau, me ka mea e lele mai nā mea peʻe ma waho o lākou a hoʻonui i nā lāʻau hou.
ʻO nā mea kanu kūpono e pale aku ai i ka pīpī ʻōpala ʻo Iskra Double Effect, Iskra-M, Fufanon, Inta-VIR, Shar Pei, Alatar a me Biotlin. No ka pale ʻana i ka māla a me ka kīhāpai mai nā pōpilikia, hoʻopau ʻia nā hāmeʻa o kēia mau hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā pīpī mai lalo o ka pā palani ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, palu nui ʻana i nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā. Ma nā kīhāpai kahi i hoʻoponopono paʻa ai nā kulu huaʻai, i ka manawa o ke kauwela e hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā mea pīpī no hope o nā lā 8-10.
Eia nō kekahi, no ka pale ʻana i ka māla a me ka māla mai nā pōpilikia, pono ʻoe e lūlū i nā kumulāʻau i loko o nā paukū me ka hopena o kekahi o nā mea iniketi. Hoʻokomo i kahi hoʻonā i kahi lua i hana ʻia e ka nui lāʻau o ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea lāʻau lāʻau ma nā lālā a me nā keʻokeʻo mai nā syringe lapaʻau. ʻO ka meaʻala, e ʻalo i lalo o ke kaomi i loko o ka puʻu, hoʻomāloe i ka ʻōpala a me nā mea ʻala.
Inā aia ka mākaʻi ma ke komohana hema i loko o ka māla, pono ke lawe ʻia ka pīpī i ka manawa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua mua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā inflorescences me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi o nā hoʻomākaukau.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka māla mai nā iniseti i ʻike ʻia nā kolo manu, inā he ʻāpana wale nō nā lālā a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻāpana me ke ʻano, ʻo "ka hoʻolele" i hana ʻia i ka papakū i palulu ʻia i kahi hoʻonā o nā māmiki hiki ke hoʻopili i nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia no nā manawa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 7-10 lā. Inā pono, hiki ke hana hou i kēia hana.
ʻO nā hana kūpono e pale aku i ka sapon hua
Ke hoʻokō nei i nā hanana i kapa ʻia ʻo "mālama mākou i ka māla mai nā pōpilikia" ʻaʻohe hihia e poina iā mākou e pili ana i nā hana e pale ai i ka lāʻau lāʻau. I loko o kēia mau 'āina, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻeha a me ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma waena o 60 a 120 mm, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao nui.
ʻŌpala E waiho i hoʻokahi hua manu i kēlā me kēia pū ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka mahele o ka ʻōpū, akā wale nō ia o 50-100 hua. ʻO kēlā me kēia pākiki larva e hoʻoneʻe i. Hele nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao nui mai ka ʻōpū a a loaʻa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Ke ulu ka lolo, e piʻi ana ko lākou neʻe, intertwine me kekahi a me ke koʻa me ka hoʻopiʻi - nā wili i pili ai i ka hoʻoilo (ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau) a i ʻole ka pupate a huli hoʻi i nā pīpī (ma ka hema). Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, kuʻi ʻo ka pīpī i ka lua i loko o ka cortex a puka i waho.
ʻO ka manawa hoʻomohala i ka wā o ka sapwood hua, a me kona haʻalele hoʻi, he lōʻihi loa. No laila, i ka wā kauwela, loaʻa kāna hua, ʻōlima, pupae, a me nā pīpī i nā manawa like ʻole i nā lāʻau i hoʻopau ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka ulu hou ʻana o kahi mau pōpoki hou e ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i kā lākou helu i loko o ka māla a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau i hē ʻia o nā kaʻaha puka liʻiliʻi i waho. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka sapwood hua i nā makahiki āpau.
ʻO ka ʻumi a me nā hua nāu i noho wale i nā lāʻau nāwaliwali.
Hoʻokomo i nā hana e pale ai i ka lāʻau hua lāʻau e hōʻike ana i nā kumulāʻau hou i nā kānaka hou, e kau ana i nā mea ʻimi, e hoʻohana ana i nā mea e pono ai: "Spark Double Effect", "Spark-M", "Fufanon", "Inta-VIR", "Shar Pei", "Alatar" a me "Biotlin".
Me e pale aku nei i ka māla mai ka maʻi
Powdery MildewʻO Phlox, nā mole keu, ka calendula e hoʻopili ʻia nei e kēia maʻi, nā hua lāʻau o ke kumulāʻau mai nā hua lāʻau a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula mai nā lāʻau ʻoi. No ka pale i ka māla mai nā maʻi a me nā maʻi, e hōʻemi i nā kaʻe o ka pauka pale o ka paukōwili, nā hoʻopau o nā pihi gooseberry a me blackcurrant i pā ʻia e ʻoki ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻTinglelo hākela.Ua ulu nui ʻia ma luna o ka ʻōpū, ka pupu, nā ʻōpala, ua ala.
Kāohi ʻia i ka pia, nā rosa, dogrose, barberry, antirinum (snapdragon), calendula, mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e pale ʻia me nā wā wāʻai (ma hope o 7-10 mau lā) me kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau: Acrobat, Abiga Peak, Topaz, Copper Oxychloride.
I mea e pale ai i ka māla mai kēia maʻi mai a pale i ka hoʻohui i nā pathogens i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia iā ʻoe e hoʻololi i kona hoʻohana ʻana me nā fungicides o nā papa kemikola ʻē aʻe.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai i loko o ka māla, nā mea kanu maikaʻi aʻe nā māla maikaʻi a me kahi wahi maʻemaʻe mai nā lau, nā liʻiliʻi a me nā pathogens.
