Kuhi i nā anehele āpau āpau, ʻo ka kāpeti ka mea maʻamau a kaulana loa a me nā ʻuala. Nui ka nui o nā ʻano like a me nā ʻano o ke kāpeti, akā āpau wale lākou i nā maʻi āpau a me nā pōpoki. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka pilikia nui ka pale ʻana i ka pōpō mai nā pōpilikia ʻo ia ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pesticides i kekahi manawa o ka hoʻomohala. No laila, i ka wā e pale ai a mālama i ka kāpeti, ʻoi aku nā hana pale a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pesticides.
ʻO nā ʻoliki
I waena o nā maʻi nui o ka kāpeti:
- Ka keokeo keʻokeʻo, nā kumu o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka sclerotia ka mycelium.
- E hele a hina ka hina i ka wā e mālama pono ʻia ai ka hua.
- ʻO Kila ma waena o nā ʻenemi pau ʻole o ka pōpō ka mea weliweli loa a pālahalaha. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ke ala ma nā māka e hōʻeha nā aʻa.
- ʻO Yellowness o ka kāpeti, kahi i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka microorganism lepo. Penetrating i loko o ka mea kanu ma ke aʻa a i ʻole hōʻino paha i ka lau kāpeti, ʻo ia mau pua i kaomi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai i loko o nā moku a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lau i ka lau me kāna wilting ma hope.
- He maʻi maʻi ʻa ka Mosaic o ka kāpeti, a ua hiki ke pale a i ʻole me ka pale ʻana.
- ʻO ka Doww mildew (peronosporosis) ke kau ʻia ma nā lau i loko o ke ʻano o nā pua ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me ka pā o ka mycelium ma ka ʻaoʻao.
- Hōʻike nui ʻia ka ʻeleʻele i nā hua o nā ʻano like ʻole a hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kumu.
Nā ala e pale ai i nā maʻi kāpeti
I mea e kūleʻa maikaʻi ai i nā maʻi kāpeti, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i ka hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia e ka pūhū wai nui i ka lewa a i ʻole nā lepo lepo. Hāʻawi i kēlā hiki i nā pathogens o ka kāpeti ke noho mau i ka ʻāina no nā makahiki he nui, pono ia e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka mea kanu kolō i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hana pale, no ka laʻana, kahi decoction o ke kīpī wela, nā marigolds a i nā horsetail hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla ʻia, akā, ke pale ʻia nō hoʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi.
ʻO ka mea nui ka hakakā ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i nā maʻi kāpeti i ka wā o ka pua a ke puka ʻana. Pehea e kū ai me kahi maʻi i loaʻa i ka kāpeti hilinaʻi ʻia ma kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
No ke kūleʻa i ke keokeo keʻokeʻo, he mea nui e nānā i kahi kāwili hua 6-7 makahiki. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea like i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hina hina. Akā ʻo ka hakakā me ka keel, ʻo ia ka luku ʻana i ka mea maʻi a hoʻolaʻa me ka formalin a i ʻole ʻo Bordeaux wai. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e ka yellowness, a ma ka hāʻule i ka mālama i ka lepo me kahi hopena o ke keleawe keleawe.
No ka pale aku i ka pale lāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kūmole kūikawā a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau. No ke kūleʻa i ka wāwae ʻeleʻele, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hua me nā mākaukau a lāʻau maikaʻi paha i nā mea kemikena ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. E luku i nā kuʻuna i ka lepo, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia me ka wai e hoʻolapalapa nei, ka lime aihue hou ʻia he hopena ʻole paha o ka potassium permanganate.
Nā pōpōpō me ka kiʻi
Hiki i nā kumu o nā maʻi kāpeti ke hoʻomu i nā pōpilikia, ma waena o ka mea e weliweli loa ka ʻōpala kolu, ka aphid kāpala a me ka mokū, a me nā pulesa cruciferous a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka puʻu crossiferous he kīwī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (2-3 mm); he ʻeha ia i ka papa ʻāina. No ka pale aku, pono e hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā nāhelehele a pau ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, a i ka lā aniani ke uhi i nā hua me nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e hiki ai i ka ea ke hele. Ke hele mai nā flea, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoi aku paha.
Hoʻopau ka aphids kāpeti i ka wā hua ma nā hua ʻōpala, nā hua kāpeti a me nā nāhelehele. Hōʻike nui ka nui o nā aphids i nā lau e hānai ana i ka wai mai nā mea kanu e alakaʻi ai i ke poʻo o ke poʻo o ka kāpeti, ʻaʻole ʻano i nā hua ma nā hōʻike. Hōʻalo i ka nānāʻana o aphids ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka luku mau ʻana i nā nāhelehele. Nui nā hua pepeke maikaʻi, ka mea i hili ʻia i nā hua umbrella (dill, kā kaloti hua) e luku loa i nā aphids. I ka ʻike mua ʻana, e luku ʻia nā aphids e ka holoi ʻana i nā lau me ka lole i kāwele ʻia i ka wai soapy, me ka pīpī ʻīwī a me nā ʻula o nā ʻuala a me ka ʻami, ka maiʻa, ka pālapa, ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻōlima cruciferous he ʻano ʻāwī like ʻole, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laka. Hoʻopilikia ka pōpoki pākeke a me kā lākou palaʻai i ka hōʻeha kino, ka mea e oki ana i ka wai, nā mea kanu make. ʻO ka pōpō kolu ka mea maʻi maʻamau. He koʻikoʻi lākou a hiki i kahi manawa hiki i kahi wahine ke waiho i 300 mau huaʻala. Hoʻohui nui ʻia kā lākou hana maikaʻi ʻana i ka lā wela. ʻO nā ala maikaʻi loa o ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki he mau pale pale a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā moena moe. No ka makaʻana, naphthalene, lime fluffy, hoʻohana ʻia ka tapaa, kāwili ʻia me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe. E hoʻopili hou i ka pīpī me ka waiū a i ʻole ka decoction o chamomile, nā poʻo o ka ʻuala, nā ʻili husamila. Me ka nui o nā pōpoki, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu - insecticides.
ʻO kahi ʻupena lau kolamu he wahi nui. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hua manu liʻiliʻi (3-4.5 cm) i nā lua nui ma nā lau a ʻai paha a puni ka kihi. ʻO nā ala e hoʻomalu ʻia ai nā maʻi kuʻuna.
ʻO ka ʻōpiopio o ka ʻōpio kāpili he nocturnal pōpō, akā maikaʻi ke kīpū. Hiki ke hopu ʻia nā kukupu ma luna o nā molases a i ke ahi paha o nā pū pōkole pō. Hoʻopau kahi trichogram i nā hua ʻoa scoop, a hoʻohana ʻia nā mākaukau microbiological e luku i nā kukuna.
ʻO ka puʻu crossiferous he kīwī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (2-3 mm); he ʻeha ia i ka papa ʻāina. No ka pale aku, pono e hoʻokaʻawale pono i nā nāhelehele a pau ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, a i ka lā aniani ke uhi i nā hua me nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e hiki ai i ka ea ke hele. Ke hele mai nā flea, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoi aku paha.
Hoʻopau ka aphids kāpeti i ka wā hua ma nā hua ʻōpala, nā hua kāpeti a me nā nāhelehele. Hōʻike nui ka nui o nā aphids i nā lau e hānai ana i ka wai mai nā mea kanu e alakaʻi ai i ke poʻo o ke poʻo o ka kāpeti, ʻaʻole ʻano i nā hua ma nā hōʻike. Hōʻalo i ka nānāʻana o aphids ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka luku mau ʻana i nā nāhelehele. Nui nā hua pepeke maikaʻi, ka mea i hili ʻia i nā hua umbrella (dill, kā kaloti hua) e luku loa i nā aphids. I ka ʻike mua ʻana, e luku ʻia nā aphids e ka holoi ʻana i nā lau me ka lole i kāwele ʻia i ka wai soapy, me ka pīpī ʻīwī a me nā ʻula o nā ʻuala a me ka ʻami, ka maiʻa, ka pālapa, ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻōlima cruciferous he ʻano ʻāwī like ʻole, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laka. Hoʻopilikia ka pōpoki pākeke a me kā lākou palaʻai i ka hōʻeha kino, ka mea e oki ana i ka wai, nā mea kanu make. ʻO ka pōpō kolu ka mea maʻi maʻamau. He koʻikoʻi lākou a hiki i kahi manawa hiki i kahi wahine ke waiho i 300 mau huaʻala. Hoʻohui nui ʻia kā lākou hana maikaʻi ʻana i ka lā wela. ʻO nā ala maikaʻi loa o ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki he mau pale pale a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā keʻokeʻo ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā moena moe. No ka makaʻana, naphthalene, lime fluffy, hoʻohana ʻia ka tapaa, kāwili ʻia me nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe. E hoʻopili hou i ka pīpī me ka waiū a i ʻole ka decoction o chamomile, nā poʻo o ka ʻuala, nā ʻili husamila. Me ka nui o nā pōpoki, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu - insecticides.
ʻO kahi ʻupena lau kolamu he wahi nui. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hua manu liʻiliʻi (3-4.5 cm) i nā lua nui ma nā lau a ʻai paha a puni ka kihi. ʻO nā ala e hoʻomalu ʻia ai nā maʻi kuʻuna.
ʻO ka ʻōpiopio o ka ʻōpio kāpili he nocturnal pōpō, akā maikaʻi ke kīpū. Hiki ke hopu ʻia nā kukupu ma luna o nā molases a i ke ahi paha o nā pū pōkole pō. Hoʻopau kahi trichogram i nā hua ʻoa scoop, a hoʻohana ʻia nā mākaukau microbiological e luku i nā kukuna.Pest o nā hua kāpeti
ʻO ka aneane āpau ʻo nā pōpilikia he paʻakikī maoli no nā hua kāpeti. No laila, hoʻomaka ka hakakā iā lākou me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo ma mua o ka lūlū i nā hua kanu ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma mua o nā kanu kanu, pono ʻoe e nānā pono iā ia no ke alo ʻana o nā iniseti, waena. Inā pono, mālama pono i ka manawa me nā infusions a me nā decoction, i hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā makahiki he nui. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻōlepona e pili ana i ka hoʻopiʻi o nā pōpoki pōpilikia a me nā maʻi ma nā helu nui ma ka Pūnaewele a ua koho pono ʻia no kēia hihia kūikawā.
