ʻO ka Spinach kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka hao. ʻO ia ka mahele o ka hemoglobin, e hoʻolako ana i ka oxygen i nā puʻuwai āpau o ke kino. Paipai ʻia no ka wahine, nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio.
Kamuela PaukSpinacia oleracea) - kekahi ʻanoʻano o ke ʻano nui o ka ʻohana Amaranth (Amaranthaceae); i ke ʻano pākahi kahiko - Hazel. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka moʻomeheu i nā wahi a pau. Akā inā aia kekahi mea huna i ka mālama ʻana i ka spinach, e ʻike ʻoe me ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala.
Kīwaha
Hoʻopiʻi i nā Kuhi Mina
Kūkulu kahi mea kanu mea kanu dioecious i ka lau 30-45 cm kiʻekiʻe me nā lau o ka lei i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me nā lau. ʻO nā pua stamen he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, liʻiliʻi, ʻohi ʻia i loko o nā inflorescences spike-paniculate. Kohi ʻia nā pua pua i loko o ka glomeruli e loaʻa ana i nā koi o nā lau. Nā huaʻai - nā ʻāpana oval i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o glomeruli me nā momona lignified. Hoʻopau ia ma Iune-ʻAukake.
ʻO ka ʻāina home i kahi spinach ka Middle East. Hoʻomaka ʻia kāna ʻano kanu, e like me ka mea maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia, ma Peresia. I Central Asia, ua loaʻa ka spinach i kahi weed. Wahi a kekahi mana maʻamau, e hoʻi ka inoa o ka spinach i nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa i ka "lima ʻōmaʻomaʻo" Persian.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ua ʻoi loa ka spinach i nā ʻāina Komohana. I kēlā manawa, ua kuhi hewa maoli ʻo ia ka spinach ka huahana momona loa ka nui (35 mg o ka hao ma ka 100 g o ka lau). Hoʻokomoʻa ʻia nā kauka i ka spinach i nā keiki. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua 10 nā manawa i loko o ka hao i loko o ka spinach. Hūnā ka hūnā ʻia ma muli o kahi mea noiʻi e poina e waiho i kahi pae helu i ka helu. I ka makahiki 1981, ua kū mai ke kau ho'ēmi ʻana i kēia moʻolelo.
Wahi a kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua kū aʻe ka hala i ka 1890 ma muli o kahi noiʻi o ka kolone maloʻo na Kelekona Swiss Gustav von Bunge. ʻO nā hualoaʻa o von Bunge (35 mg o ka hao i ka 100 g o nā huahana) he pololei, akā ua aʻo ʻia ʻaʻole he hou, akā he maloʻo maloʻo. Kīwī nā loko o ka pēpē he 90% wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i pili ʻia ma kahi o 35, akā hoʻi e pili ana i ka 3,5 mg o ka hao.
Kāhu laha
ʻO ka spinach kahi huila mua o ka ʻai, no laila, loaʻa ka manure maikaʻi decomposed a i ʻole humus i hoʻolilo ʻia he ʻano kanu wikiwiki ma lalo o kāna mau hua. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka humus ma ka moʻomeheu mua a me nā hua kanu palupalu.
Pēlā ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana
Ke koi nei ka Spinach i ka mahuahua o ka lepo, no laila ua kau ʻia ia ma kahi māla i momona i nā mea kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā ʻōpala loamy; ma nā meaʻeleʻele, e kiʻi ai i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe me nā greens maikaʻi, pono ʻoe eʻai pinepine. Pono ka palena me ka wai haʻahaʻa nui. ʻO nā mea pono maikaʻi loa no ka ʻoihana wahine he mau mea kanu, ma lalo kahi i hoʻoulu ʻia ai nā mea kanu organik.
Hoʻomau ʻia ka lepo no ka spinach i ka hāʻule: ua kālai ʻia ka pūnaewele i ka hohonu piha o ka waihona humus a me nā minuke mineral e noi ʻia (30 g o superphosphate, 15 g pākaʻi nui klorida ma 1 m2). I ka manawa like, inā pono, ka palena o ka lepo. I ka wā mua, i ka wā eʻohi ai ka lepo no ka kanu ʻana, ua urea ka nui o 20 g no ka 1 m2 e hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ka rake.
ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia nā mea kanu kūlohelohe hou (manure, slurry, etc.) i lalo o ka moʻomeheu spinach, no ka mea e hoʻopōʻino lākou i ka ʻono o nā lau.
Ma ke ʻano he lula, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea āpau kūikawā no nā hua kolina; ʻoi pinepine ʻia, kanu ʻia i ka pūnāwai ma mua o kahi mea i aloha ʻia i nā mea kanu ʻai wela. Ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi, kanu ʻia ka spinach ma ke ʻano he compactor (ma waena o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ma nā pā māla).
Ke kanu ʻana i ka spinach i nā hale ulu
I ka pūnāwai, i ka lepo i mālama ʻia, ulu ka nui kō i ka nui i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ma ka lepo insulated. Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i nā ʻāina me ka nui o ka humus. ʻO ka maʻamau, no ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo lākou e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi hui ʻana o ka humus a me ka sod a me ka lepo māla (ma nā ʻano like like).
Kākahi maikaʻi ke kōmina, no laila kanu nā hua kanu ma ka ʻāina i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka māhele o Moscow ma ka hopena o Pepeluali. Hāpai ʻia ka lūlū e kekahi mea pua hū hale, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani he 6 cm. No ka 1 square. m lulu ʻia 20-30 g o nā hua. Ke ulu ka mea i nā wela, e mālama i kahi mahana o 10-12 ° C - i ke ao hohonu a me 18 ° C - i ka lā aniani.
Ma mua, pono ʻia nā hua bula i loko o ka wai no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa e kiʻi mua ai a me nā hopena aloha. Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, ke maloʻo ka nui o nā hua a i ʻole e hoʻopili pū ʻia.
Kāhea nei ke kōkule.
Wehe i ka lulu
Kīwī - kūleʻa ke ʻano o ka mea kanu a ulu maikaʻi i ka papa ākea. Hiki i nā hua pīkī ke kū i nā wai palaka i lalo -8 ° С. Kūkulu ʻia ke kō ma mua o ke hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo (ma ka waena waena me ka pā liʻiliʻi).
Lūlū i ka huaʻala ma ka hamama ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hoʻoheʻe - mai waena o ʻApelila a Iulai - no ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lau ulu, a hiki i ka waena o ʻAukake - no ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻōpio. Kuhi ʻia nā hua kanu i nā wa o 20-30 mau lā.
I ke kauwela, hiki ke hoʻopili wale ʻia nā hua kōina i nā wahi i hoʻomaloo ʻia e ka hoʻoulu ʻia. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana, ua uhi ʻia nā papa me nā kākala kahiko a i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe i mea e wikiwiki ai ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pua.
Ma nā kuʻu, līlū ʻia ke kihi me kahi ala maʻamau me ka lālani i 30 cm, hohonu o nā hua ma kahi o 2-3 cm, he hua seeding 4-5 g no ka 1 m2. Ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, ua ʻohi ʻia ka lepo.
No ka wā pau o ka hoʻoilo, ua lūlū ʻia ka spina i ka mahina o Iune-Iulai, a ma nā wahi hema i ʻAukake, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i ke kakahiaka. Ma nā wahi kahi i emi ʻole ai ka mahana o ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o 12 ° C, ka spinach i ulu i ka hoʻoilo e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka hoʻoilo.
Pūkohu Spinach
Ke ulu ka mea kanu (ua puka kekahi lau maoli ʻoi aku), ua ʻoki ʻia nā hua, e waiho ana i nā mea kanu ma kahi mamao o 8-10 cm mai kēlā me kēia, no ka mea, ua puka mai ʻelua mau hua kanu mai kahi puahele hoʻokahi i ka māla. ʻAʻole pono nā mea kanu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia - me ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi, ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi me ka lāʻau ʻalaʻala i hoʻonui ʻia aʻe. ʻO ka mamao ma ka lālani ma waena o nā mea kanu e pono e pili ana i ka 15 cm He mea nui loa ia e mālama pono, me ka mālama ʻia ʻole e hōʻino i nā mea kanu i koe. Ma hope o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka bay.
No ka pale ʻana i ka ulu mua ʻana o ka mea kanu i ka wā wela a me ka wela, ʻo ka kihi ka puna nui ʻana. Inā makemake ʻia, e hui pū ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka lole o luna me nā kākika o ka nitrogen (10-15 g o urea i ka 1 m2). ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo i hānai i ka spinach me ka fosfor a me nā pāhare kōlima, i ke kōkua ʻana e hoʻolele i ka pā ʻana o nā mea kanu.
I ka manawa ulu nui e pono ke hamama i ka honua. I ka wā maloʻo, pono nā mea kanu e kanu ai i kahi hua maikaʻi a me kahi hiʻohiʻona kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, 2-3 lita o ka wai i hoʻokahi mau laina o ka laina laina e lawa 2-3 mau manawa i ka hebedoma. Hōʻalo i ka lepo lepo maʻamau i ka pili ʻana o ka spinach.
Naana
Hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka spinach i ka wā e kūkulu ʻia nā lau 5 ma nā mea kanu. Mākaukau ka mahina lōʻihi spinach no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hebedoma ma hope o ka wā e kū mai ai, ke kauwela - 10-12. He mea nui ia e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka manawa: inā e haʻalele nā mea kanu, e lilo nā lau a palupalu.
Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā rosettes ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao mua a huki ʻia paha me ke kumu. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi i nā lau e like me ka mea e pono ai. Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka spinach i ke kakahiaka, akā ʻaʻole koke ma hope o ka hoʻoilo a i ka ua paha, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ua nui nā lau a pīpī paha.
Hoʻomaʻomaʻo ʻia ka bay i nā manawa he nui, ʻoiai e ulu ana nā mea kanu a ulu hou nā lau, a hiki i ka manawa kī ʻana nui.
ʻO ka hopena o ka spinach kahi 1,5-2 kg no 1 m2.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia lākou a mālama ʻia ma kahi ʻano maloʻo wale nō. E mālama i ka spinach ma lalo o ka pahu o ka friji i loko o kahi pēpē palaka no ʻelua mau lā ʻelua. No ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana no ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke hoʻokahe ia - i loko o ka pepa i hoʻokohi paʻa ai kona mau waiwai pono.
Nā maʻi kīkī me nā Pisa
Noho maikaʻi ʻo Aphids ma luna o nā lau ʻono o ka koholā, ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā nahu paleka. Makemake nui nā ʻōpū a me nā snails i kēia lāʻau ʻai. I ka hopena o ke kauwela hope paha e hū ʻia nā huluhulu downy ma nā lau, ʻoiai inā maloʻo nā mea kanu. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu e nā wahi like ʻole.
Kālepa i loko o ka māla.
He mea paʻakikī loa ka huki ʻana i kēia mau pōpilikia a me nā maʻi, ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia nā lau lau e hoʻolapalapa ʻia me nā pesticides. No laila, no ka pale aku, he mea nui ke nānā pono i ka ʻenehana ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ka wā e wehe i ka lepo nā mea kanu. No ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka pauma pulupulu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa ('Spokane' F1, 'Sporter' F1).
Hiki ke pā ʻia nā mea kīwī o ke kōkala a me nā mea kanu ʻōpala. Hoʻopau ka ʻili a ke kua, maloʻo ka mea kanu, a laila make. Nā ana hana - nā ʻokiʻoki, ke kala ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki ʻoe ke kau i nā mea kanu ma hope o nā beets.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Spinach i ka ululāʻau o ka lele miner a me ka aphid. Kūkulu ʻia nā hua kanu e kanu ana me ka hoʻomehana sulfatine i ka helu o 15 cm3 no 10 l o ka wai a i ʻole ka phosphamide (0.2%). ʻAʻole pono ka pāʻai i ka ʻai.
Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi Spinach
ʻO ka lau o ka huaʻai he i nā protein, nā momona, nā gula, nā kaila, nā waikawa organik, flavonoids, me ka paona multivitamin paona - huaora o nā pūʻulu B, C, P, PP, E, K, waiwai i ka hua ʻala A (carotenoid), a me nā mea he nui nā minuke - hao, potasiuma, magnesium.
E hoʻohana i ka spinach no ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi gastrointestinal; me ka anemia, anemia, nāʻiina, ka maʻi mellitus, ka maʻi hypertension; hāʻawi i nā keiki ʻōpio ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano mākē palū no ka pale ʻana i nā rickets. Mālama ʻo Spinach i ka degeneration retinalation, i ka hopena laxative māmā, a hoʻoulu i nā ʻāpana. Paipai ʻia no nā wahine hāpai, ʻoiai piha ka nui o nā waikawa folic. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kiʻekiʻe o ka vitamona E e pale i nā ʻōpū o ke kino.
