Tsikas - ka fossil ola

Ua unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Helene Cykas (Kykas) i ka palma, ka mea, no ka ʻike like ʻole o nā mea kanu. ʻO kekahi ʻano hou mai ka inoa Helene no ka mea hoʻoluʻu ʻo ka kykeon, ka mea e loaʻa ai ka sago, ka mea i lawe ʻia mai ka cycads. Mai ka wā mua, kanu nā poʻe noho mokupuni i nā lāʻau pāma sago, a hoʻohana pū i nā mea kanu holoholona e hana i nā kūmole.

Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ʻo Tsikas (Cycas) mai kahi ākea loa - mai China a me Iapana a me India a me ka Pakipika a me Australia. ʻO ka mea ākea loa e pili ana i nā ʻano he nui i ʻike ʻia ma Asia Hema. ʻIia kekahi ʻano o Cycas i ʻike ʻia ma Hawaiʻi a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻApelika.

ʻO ka mea kanu kahiko ma ka honua. Wahi a Cycas (cicadas) i nā pua ola, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koena o kahi pūʻulu nui o nā mea kanu, ke ākea nui ma ka Honua.. ^ E Ha yM. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ulu nā cycas i nā lāʻau nui.

I ka genus Tsikas, a i ole Cycas nā 10 mau mea kanu o nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Zamiev. Hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahi mokupuni o ka ʻākau ʻehā (India, Islands Pacific, Mascaren, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Indochina Peninsula, Northeast Australia).

ʻO nā ʻelele o nā kūloko he evergreens me kahi mānoanoa, pōkole, a hiki i 1.5-3 m (kekahi manawa 10 m) kahi ʻōpala, heʻuʻu pinepine ʻia; he pāheʻu ka ʻāina ma lalo. ʻO kahi ʻōpala me kahi paʻi pohō, kahi ākea ākea e loaʻa ana i ka nui o nā kōkau, i uhi ʻia i nā unahi a me nā koena o ka lau petioles. Nui nā lau, a hiki i 3 m lōʻihi, pinnate, emi pinepine i ka bicinnatus, ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kekahi a i ʻole a he nui paha, aia ma luna a i ʻole me nā lau scaly e uhi ana iā lākou ma ka pūpū (mau makahiki 2-3 mau). lau ʻōpio (i ka wā e kū mai ai) ke kūlou nei, pubescent, ma hope - i ke kūpono, pale; leaflets linear, linear-lanceolate, ke kāʻei ʻalā, pauna. me kahi ulu waena o ka vein (me ka lateral), ʻōpiopio, me kahi puʻupuʻu koi, holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole pinepine i nā manawa brchandch puni; nā mea haʻahaʻa loa i hele i nā nahele.

ʻO nā mea kanu kīʻaha. ʻO nā kuilahi (megasporophylls - wahine a me nā microstrobils - kāne) he apical a i ʻole kokoke i kahi kikowaena, hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi paha.

Ka nui o ke ano nui (a hiki i ka 45%) ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lula o ka pahu cicassa a me nā hua, e hele nei e hoʻomākaukau i kahi huahana kūikawā - sago, no kēia mau mea ke kapa ʻia ʻo nā lāʻau lāʻau sago ". ^ E Ha yM. I kāna ʻano maka, he ʻona nā mea a pau o ka mea kanu, akā no ka poʻe kamaʻāina e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻina hana neutralizing no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka sago, ʻo ia kahi huahana koʻikoʻi o ka meaʻai.

I waena o nā mea kanu e like me nā lāʻau pāma, cicasa kekahi o nā wahi mua. No ke kumu ʻole i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kā botani Swanist Karl Linney, i hoʻopunipuni ʻia e kēia ʻano like ʻole, ua hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa Latin mai ka "kāwā Heleni" - "palm" a waiho iā ia me nā cypresses ʻē aʻe i kāna pūnaehana ma waena o nā lāʻau pāma.

Ke kūʻai nei ma cicasa, pono e hoʻomanaʻo kekahi, he mea lula ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana o ka paʻa.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea kanu no nā mea kanu pua.

Nā hiʻohiʻona

ʻOhi: Moderika, cicada ʻae i ka loli ʻana o ka mahana. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi mālama maikaʻi ma ka mahana o 12-16 ° C, ma kahi o 8 ° C. He mea kōkua ia i ke kauwela e hoʻoponopono hou i ka ipuhao me Cycas ma ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka māla, i kahi kahi e kau ai nā kukui mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau a me ka pale mai ka makani.

Mālamalama: Mālamalama ikaika loa, a i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela ka mālama ʻia ma kahi hōkū loa. He kūpono kūpono no nā puka makani hema a me ke kūkulu hema.

Hoʻōla: Ka nui i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Tsikas i ka pohō o ka wai i loko o ka ipuhao. I ka wai inu, ʻaʻole e ʻae ʻia ka wai e komo i ka cone o nā cicas, me ka mea nō i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana lau, a me ka pulupulu e hiki ai ke pala.

Kūmole: I ka wā ulu o ka ulu ulu - mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake, hānai ʻia nā cicas i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua me ka pupuk kūikawā no nā lāʻau pāma a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe no nā mea kanu o loko. ʻAʻole pono ke komo i ka palekele me nā paʻakai pākī.

Hūlā Air: Aloha ʻo ia i ka lewa, no laila e pono ʻoe i ka pīpī maʻamau, ʻoi aku hoʻi ia i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo i ka wā wela. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kēlā me kēia ma lalo o ka paʻa o ka pā me ka uhi ʻana, e uhi ana i ka lepo i loko o ka ipu me ka peke aila.

Kākau: Kuhi ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a hiki i 5 mau makahiki makahiki, ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki - ma hope o 4-5 mau makahiki. Eleele - 2 mau ʻāpana o ka pālolo māmā-turf, 1 ʻāpana humus, 1 ʻāpana lau, 1 ʻāpana peat, 1 ʻāpana kahuhulu a me kekahi mauʻaoʻao. Pono pono ka huki ʻauʻau. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, he mea nui nā kanu cone i kanu ʻole ʻia i ka lepo.

Hoʻopuka: ʻO nā keiki e kū ʻia ma ka ʻōpala o ka makuahine. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ke pēpē, pīpī ʻia ka ʻāpana me ka ulaula hina a hina hoʻi paha. Keliʻo ke pēpē no kekahi mau lā a kanu i loko o kahi kāwili o ka lau a me ka lepo lepo a me ka one, hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia, e hoʻomoʻa ana i ka lepo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomehana lepo a me nā mea hōʻeuʻeu. Hoʻonohonohoʻia lākou e nā hua kanu - me ka hoʻomehana honua. E hele a kū i hoʻokahi malama a i ʻole ʻelua.

Mālama

Ua makemake ʻo Tsikas i ke kukui i hoʻokaʻawale paha, me kekahi mau maka o ka lā kūpono, kūpono ia no ka ulu ʻana ma nā puka makani o ke kuhikuhi komohana a me ka hikina, hiki iā ia ke ulu ma ka puka ʻākau. ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā puka aniani o ke kuhikuhi hema i ke kauwela, e kuhikuhi ʻia e pale i ka cicada mai ka lā pololei. I ke kauwela, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i ka mea kanu i ka lewa hāmama, i kahi e pale ʻia mai ka lā awakea. Hoʻomaopopo i ka manawa e hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki ʻia ka mea kanu i kahi papa o kahi hoʻomālamalama hou.

ʻO nā kūlana kūpono e kūpono loa no cicasa. ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa kauwela-kauwela ke makemake nā mea kanu i kahi ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu (22-26 ° C). ʻO ke anuanu kiʻekiʻe loa i ka manawa hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo no tsikas curved 10-12 ° C, no ka Tsikas ʻāwīwī iki a kiʻekiʻe aʻe - 16-18 ° C. Inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka hoʻoilo i ka maloʻo i ka cicasus, he mea maʻi ia, a e nalo paha i kekahi o nā lau.

Hoʻomainu ka cicada i ka wai mai ka puna a i ka ʻohi, e ʻae ana i ka lepo e maloʻo i kahi hohonu o 2 a 4 cm, e hilinaʻi ana i ka nui o ka pākī, akā pale i ka hoʻomaloʻo lōʻihi. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻohāinu ʻia ʻia ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa o kēia manawa; Lawe ʻia ka hana me ka wai palupalu, hoʻopulu ʻia ma ka mahana o ka lumi.

Makemake ʻo Tsikas i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ia e hoʻōla pinepine iā ia me ka wai mālū, paʻa i ka wai ma ka lumi lumi. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i kahi pā me kahi mea kanu ma kahi pā i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka lepo a hoʻonui ʻia i hoʻomalu ʻia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau i ka mea kanu mai ka manawa ma lalo o ka ua wela, e hoʻomālamalama maoli ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka wai i loko o ka ipuhao.

Mai ka pūnāwai a i ka hopena, cusas ke hānai ʻia me ka minuke mineral no nā lāʻau pāma i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua. E hoʻomaka ana i ʻOkakopa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka lole hoʻahu i luna a lawe ʻia ʻaʻole ia ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina i ka malama, a mai ke kumu kauwela o ke kauwela, ʻōlelo ʻia ke kuhi o ka mea kanu. ʻAʻole ia e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā paʻakai pākūkū a me nā paʻakai paʻakai.

Ua loaʻa iā Tsikas kahi manawa dormant i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu ma kahi maloʻo a mālamalama. ʻO ka mahana wela ma ka hoʻoilo no Tsikas mau i ka 10-12 ° C, no ka mea, ua kahaha ʻo Tsikas ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe - 16-18 ° C. Wai wai mālama.

Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā ʻōpiopio i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka pākeke ua lawa ia e hoʻololi i ka papa o luna o ka honua a i ʻole aʻa i nā mea inā ua lilo nui ka mea kanu i loko o ka pā hao.. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hoʻohalike, ka lau lepo like me ka "palm" i hoʻohana ʻia, i.e. ka hui ʻana o ka ʻāina turf, lau, peat, humus a me ke one ma kahi pā o 2: 1: 1: 1: 1. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻololi ʻana he wai, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu hou. Ma ka haʻahaʻa o ka potuhō e hāʻawi i ka alawai maikaʻi. Hoʻomaopopo i ka koho ʻana i ka ipuhao, mai hoʻāʻo i ka lawe i kahi pahu nui, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomau i ka mea kanu i ka ipu, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke cicada i maʻi no ka acidization o ka substrate.

Leʻaleʻa

Hoʻomaka ʻia ka cycases e nā hua a me nā lālā o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, i kekahi manawa e ulu ana ma luna o ka kahi o nā pākeke o nā pākeke.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka i kona hoʻomohala ʻana me kahi punaha uila, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kime axillary, loaʻa kēia pana i kahi lei maʻamau, a i kekahi manawa aʻa adnexal.

Hoʻokomo ka māla me ka uha ʻana i ka hana hoʻoweliweli, e hoʻopilikia ai i nā hoʻopihapiha i loaʻa i kahi palapala dwarf fancy me nā lei aliʻi a i ʻole ka nui o nā mea kanu.

Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka "pēpē" kahi o ka ʻoki i pīpī ʻia me ka ulana ulana a maloʻo no ka 1-2 mau lā. Kanu ʻia nā “keiki” i kahi kāwili o ka lepo, ka ʻāpana ʻāina a me ke one me ka hoʻohui o nā pākīnika maikaʻi. Ma mua o ka inu ʻia ʻana o nā aʻa.

Mālama ka ʻōpiopio i ka hiki no 2-3 mau makahiki; e puka wikiwiki i ka mahina 1,5-2 mau mahina ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana.
Nā pilikia paʻakikī:

Mai ka lā maka, hiki i ke kauwela, hiki i ka mea kanu ke loaʻa i ka lā sunburn, pono lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka cicada.

Pōpela ka mea kanu i ka wikiwiki o ka maluhia ma muli o ka lōwili a me ka acidization o ka substrate. ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī e hoʻonui i ke ʻano he ʻano hana i nā cicasses.

Ua ʻeha ʻo Tsikas i ke kauwela kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ea maloʻo, a hiki ke hāʻule i nā lau ma lalo o nā kūlana like.

Ua lukuʻia: nā kīwaha, nā kīwaha a me nā mites spider.

Nā ʻōpiopio

Cicas curled, a cochlea (Cycas circinalis).

E ulu ana ma nā kapa o nā kahawai i South India, ma nā mokupuni o Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Fiti, ma Malaysia, ʻo Pilipina a me Australia ʻĀina. ʻO ka pahu pahu pōkole pōkole, 2-3 m kiʻekiʻe (i kekahi manawa a he 10 m). Kūlia 1-2 m loa, he nui i kahi ʻāpana, piʻi i luna, hope semi-horizontal; ua kūkulu ʻia ka midrib; lau cirrus me nā lau 50-60 ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka rachis, heʻili-lanceolate, pālahalaha, a hiki i 25 cm ka loa a 1.5 cm ākea, ākea spaced. ʻO Petiole ma lalo o ka semicircular, mai lalo a i ka waena waena o ka lau me ka manuahi, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe me nā pōkoki pōkole ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka rachis.

Pahu maikaʻi ʻia ka cicas sime ka mea kanu mea kanu a ua pā nui ʻia i nā ʻāina a me nā subtropika. I loko o Florida, ma ka hoʻohālike, ua kaulana loa kona kaulana a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ma "Palapala saga Florida."

Nā hiʻohiʻona: hoʻohālike ʻia kēia ʻano me ke ʻano lahilahi ma ke ʻano o nā kaʻina e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōpala o kahi mea kanu pākeke; a i ka ʻike ʻia mai o nā hua - e nā hua.

Kūkulu mau nā mea kanu i ka makahiki. ʻO ka piko o ka cone o kahi pua liʻiliʻi e hōʻike i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki - i Iulai, ʻOkakopa, Ianuali a me nā mahina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o nā lau ʻōpio i kahi paio e like me 15 a 26, e like me ka makahiki, a me ka manawa o ka makahiki. ʻAʻole like ka ulu ʻana o nā lau.

The drooping cicas (Cycas revoluta).

ʻO ka wahi hānau o ka mea kanu ʻo South Japan (Kyushu a me Ryukyu Islands). ʻO ka pahu i ka pahu, pōkole, a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe, mānoanoa, 30-50 cm (a hiki i 1 m) ka nui. Hoʻoniki ka lau, he 0.5-2 m lōʻihi. Nui nā lau, kūpaʻa liʻiliʻi, ka palena liʻiliʻi, kūleʻe i hope ma hope o nā kihi, e hōʻemi ana i ka pae, ʻiliʻu, palapū puluʻula ʻōpio i ka wā ʻōpiopio, a laila he kapaʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoniʻoni, kihi āpau, me ka puʻupuʻu koi, me ka puʻu waena. He kūpaʻa cylindrical kāne nā cones kāne, a hiki i ka 60-80 cm lōʻihi a me 15 cm ka ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao mānoanoa; stamens many, flat 3-sided, with wāwae pōkole, widened and beeneded at the apex; nā hakihā ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. Kahi wahine nā wīwī, me nā ʻeke kūwili a hiki i 20 cm lōʻihi, ʻulaʻulaʻula-pubescent, me kahi pālahalaha hoʻonui ʻia, i ka waena waena o ka petiole pubescent 2-8 kūloko. He nui nā hua, 3-5 cm lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele.

Kūkulu nui ka lāʻau kanu, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻāina hoʻomohala, e ulu maikaʻi i nā lumi a me nā conservatories. Ma nā mokuna ʻākau a waena, hiki ke lawe ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka ʻāina ākea no ke kauwela ke hoʻokumu i ka ʻike. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, kūlohelohe nā lau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka manawa like he mau ʻāpana 10-15 i kēlā me kēia, i ke ʻano o ka lei nani, kokoke i kūpono. ʻO ka ʻaniani o nā lau ʻōpio a me nā hulu paha he cochlearly e hoʻopili ʻia i loko, e like me nā ferns. I ke ulu ʻana, huli lūlū nā lau i ka ʻaoʻao, a laila kūwili a hāʻule a make i 4-5 mau makahiki o ke ola.

Kāleka Rippia (Cycas rumphii).

Aia nō ia ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma Sri Lanka, ma nā kaha kahakai o nā mokupuni o Andaman, Java, Sulawesi. ʻO ka pahu haleka, a hiki i 8-15 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lau o Cirrus, 1-2 m lōʻihi (ʻike ʻia i loko o nā bunches); ka lau ana i ka laina laina-lanceolate, 20-30 cm lōʻihi a he 1.1-2 cm ākea, ākea ka māla.

Siamese Cycas (Cycas siamensis).

Loaʻa ma nā ulu lāʻau savannah ma Indochina. ʻO ka umeke he 1.5-1.8 m kiʻekiʻe, tuberoid e kūpaʻa ana i ka hapalua o ke kiʻekiʻe (a laila e kūo waho o waho). ʻO ka lau o Cirrus, 0.6-1.2 m lōʻihi; leaflets pahiki liʻi, 10 cm lōʻihi a me 0,5 cm ākea, kuhikuhi, ʻulaʻula. ʻO Petiole i kona kumu o ke aniani, ʻekele.