ʻEhiona miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ulu nui nā magnolias a ulu mau i loko o ka Artctic hou. Mai ia manawa mai, ua loli nui ka loli. Ma nā kikowaena waena wale nō nā huanui kūpaʻa hū ʻole o nā magnolias i ola.
ʻO nā mea āpau i ka mana o magnolia e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona ʻano thermophilic. ʻO nā lau nui a me nā pua nani o ka hapanui o nā ʻano mua loa i hopu i nā puʻuwai o nā māla. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ulu i kēia mea kanu i ka Old and New Worlds. Ma Lūkia, ua manaʻo nā lāʻau i ka subtropics zone. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia hope, ua lilo ka pua nui i lilo i hoailona ola o ka Black Sea Riviera.
I nā makahiki 70, hana e hoʻonui i ka laulā kūlohelohe a me ke koho ʻana o nā mania e kūlohelohe nui ana i nā poniola i hoʻomaka ma Kiev. Ua kōkua kēia māla i kēia e loiloi i nā ʻano ʻōiwi no ka Far East, Kina a me USA. A laila e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea kanu paʻakikī no Moscow, ʻo Vladivostok, nā Urals, St. Mahalo i nā hana o nā poʻe hoihoi i kēia lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hauʻoli i ka moʻomeheu subtropical i loko o nā māla huaʻai nui loa a me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā māla lawena.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻano, nā ʻano lua a me nā ʻano like ʻole ke kū i ka wā Lūkini, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ke ala waena i ka hoʻoilo, a i ka pūnāwai e uhi ʻia nā pua nani?
Magnolia Siebold (M. sieboldii)
I ka kūlohelohe, aia ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau ʻano o ka nui o nā magnolias. Akāʻo nā mea ikaika loa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ola ma loko o ke aniani o Rūsia. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēia me ka magnolia Siebold i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi. ʻO kona waihona kūlohelohe e uhi i ka ʻāpana o ka Penina Korea, Kina a me ka mokupuni ʻo Iapana.
ʻO kahi lāʻau a i ʻole ka puʻu nui a hiki i 6-8 kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe e kapa ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ke ʻano o ka nui o ka magnolias. Ua uhi ʻia ka papa ʻaina a me nā lālā o ka mea kanu me ka ʻili hina. Ke ulu nui nei nā lau ellipse e like me 10-15 cm ka lōʻihi a ua kuhikuhi iki i nā apec. Loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi ʻaoʻao o ke kaila kaila hohonu, i lilo i mea ākea ʻē aʻe i nā uaua. ʻO ka hope o nā ʻāpana lau he pubescent.
ʻO nā pua nui magnolia a hiki i 10 cm ka lōʻihi e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻopiʻi kūikawā i ka nui o ka nui magnolia Magnolia sieboldii, ka mea i kapa ʻia ma ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe i wehewehe i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 19. Kānāwaha i ka hopena o ka pūnāwai a i ʻole i ka hapa mua o Iune. ʻO ka mua, ʻo nā ʻoka i ke ʻano o kahi kīʻaha, a laila, i ka wehe ʻana, lilo ka corolla o 6 petals lapalapa a kokoke loa nā papa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona waenakonu me kahi lei aliʻi o nā lāʻau kālai lāʻau.
Ua mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻike e nā poʻe aloha haole ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole ia he mea nani wale nō, akā paʻakikī nō naʻe. Kūpaʻa nā kumulāʻau i ke anuanu a hiki i ka -39 ° С. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i nā ʻano miknolia kūʻole o Magnolia no ka ulu ʻana i ka waena waena. I kēia lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka pua o kēia ʻano ulu ma Vladivostok, ma ke ʻĀkau nui o Rūsia a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e ulu i magnolia i nā ʻōpala.
Magnolia kuhikuhi (M. acuminata)
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka nui o ka magnolia ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I loko o nā kuahiwi o ke kikowaena o ka USA, ʻike kekahi i ka magnolia i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka lei kiʻekiʻe, he ʻulaʻulaʻula a me nā lau elliptical a hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole i like me nā iwi ʻAmelika i pua i mua o nā lau, nā pua ma ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ʻAmelika e pua kū ana i ka kua o ke kahe o nā greenery. No laila, ʻaʻole nānā ka nani o nā pua a me nā pua melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kakaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i pale i ka poʻe botanist e hōʻike i ka hoihoi koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano paʻakikī, nā puʻu maikaʻi i nā mea ulu ʻē aʻe a me nā magnolias.
ʻO Magnolia me nā hua ʻulaʻula i hāʻawi mai i kāna mau hua kanu mai ke komo ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻo ka hoʻoilo. A ʻo nā hua kanu e lilo i mau lālā no nā ʻoihana hou aku, akā, ʻo nā hoahānau pili ʻole. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hybridization kūleʻa ʻo Brooklyn magnolia, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka hau a me ka hoʻonani ʻana i ka māla me nā pua ʻulaʻula, kona ʻano a me nā leo e hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea kanu makuahine - liliaceae magnolia. I Lūkia, e loaʻa ana ka pōmaikaʻi kūleʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu o ac acatata f. kaula me nā pua liʻiliʻi o kekahi hue melemele momona.
Ma muli o ke like o nā ovoli o ka magnolia me nā kukama i ka United States, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ka mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka inoa inoa kūkala tima i ka M. acuminata wale nō.
Magnolia nui (M. macrophylla)
Ma ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e ulu ana ka nui-lea-magnolia nui. Hoʻoholo ʻo Deciduous perennial i kēia inoa. ʻO nā pā lau ma nā lālā 15-18 mika nā lōʻihi a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 80-100 cm. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ma luna, e kū pono ana i ka lā, e wahī a paʻi ʻia i nā ʻono polū, uhi ʻia ka palahalaha o ka ʻaoʻao i nā ʻōpala palupalu.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, he ʻano mea paʻa kēia ʻano he nui kēia mau magnolia, no ka mea ʻaʻohe lāʻau nui me nā lau nui ma ka ʻāina ʻē.
ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka heleʻana o ka pua. ʻO nā pua, i hana pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lei, e wehe ana, e lilo i mau corollas 30 cm nui o kahi hue keʻokeʻo waiū. Ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao i loko, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻano - ʻekolu mau ʻāpana palika-violet.
ʻO ka pua ʻo Magnolia macrophylla a mau i nā lā 45, aʻo ka lāʻau i kāʻei ʻia i ka ʻala, ʻono, nā aʻi, ikaika loa.
Hiki i nā lāʻau ke hoʻohalike i nā frost i lalo o -27 ° C, akā no ka ʻāina ʻāina i hoʻohana wale ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina me nā ʻano o Asia ʻano ākea a me ka nui o nā pua nui.
Magnolia Kobus (M. kobus)
Ua ʻike ka nui o nā loea e pili ana i ka genus magnobia Kobus i alakaʻi no ka unpretentiousness a me ka pale anu. E kolo ana ma ka manawa o ka makahiki ma mua, ua hele mai nā hua o ka moʻomeheu i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, a laila i Europa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o Iapana magnolia me ke ʻano nui o ka lau kai nui, akā ua kōkua ke ahonui i ka ulu ʻana ma ke alanui o ke kūlanakauhale a i ke anuanu.
ʻO nā ʻano, ka mea i puka mai i nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana a me Korea, i kēia manawa ua hānai ʻia ʻia mai loko mai o ke kahakai o ka ʻĀpana Lūkini a i St. Petersburg, mai Kaliningrad a Samara. I loko o ka māla, ʻo kēia magnolia, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa loa ia i nā specimens hihiu, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika.
ʻO ka ʻhā a me nā lala o ka lāʻau kobushi, e like me ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻāina, ua uhi ʻia me ka pakanā hina a hina paha. ʻO nā lau a hiki i 12 cm lōʻihi he mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a pulu paha ma luna, a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma ka lalo, me kahi hina hina.
E like me nā nui monoli ʻAia, pua ka honua i ka waenakonu o ka wai, i ka wā e mau ai nā lālā. Hāʻawi kēia i kēia manawa i kahi nani koʻikoʻi a me ka nani. Keokeo, me he mea lā e hana ʻia mai nā polikika maikaʻi, kūpaʻa nā pua i eono mau ʻelima a hiki i ke anawaena o 10 cm.
Magnolia Sulange (M. jiwaangeana)
ʻO ka pīhoihoi me ka magnolias, ka mea i pā ai iā ʻEulopa i ka waena o ka kenekulia 19, ka mea i ʻike ai i nā mea kanu hou ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka hana. ʻO kēia nā hybrids mai nā helehelena kīwī o nā ulu lāʻau e ulu ana i nā māla, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā māla botanical. ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike o ka pōʻino hauʻoli ʻo ka mololia pink o Sulange. Loaʻa ʻia ia mai ka makua makua M. denudata x M. liliflora.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka mea maʻamau a ʻike nui ʻia i ka manaʻo hana hoʻonani mauluulu i loaʻa i nā wahi hema o Rusia, a pēlā pū ma Primorye. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka liliaceae magnolia a ke kapa ʻole, ua hele ke ʻano hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pāla a me ka plastic.
I kēia mau lā, he nui nā lōlena like ʻole o ka sulange magnolia, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā pua.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 5 m ʻoluʻolu a me ka pua nui. ʻO Corollas me ka lapalapa a hiki i 15 cm wehe i nā lālā lālā i uhi ʻia me ka pulu hina hina. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano ʻano he ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula ma waho o nā lei hulina a me ke keʻokeʻo ma loko. Hoʻohālike ka pua i ka pua nani, i kekahi manawa ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia kahi ʻala.
Magnolia Lebner (M. x loebneri)
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia hope, ua loaʻa ka mea kanu kanu hou ma Kelemānia, kahi i loaʻa i ka manawa i loaʻa ai ke poʻo o kekahi o ka hoʻoilo loa o ka hoʻoilo. Ua inoa ʻia ma hope o ka mea hana i hana ʻo magnolia Lebner, e like me ke kiʻi, ua hoʻohui pū i nā hiʻohiʻona o kona "mau mākua". Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo a me ka nui o ka Kobus magnolia. ʻO nā pua keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, e hui pū ana i 25 mau mōʻī he 25, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi kahi ʻano o ka hōkū magnolia.
Hiki ke ulu ʻia kahi mea kanu e pili ana i 7 mau mika he lāʻau maʻamau a i ʻole i ka nahele lāʻau koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā hua ʻōpiopio e lilo i mau pua a hiki i 15 cm ke aniani.Wa uhi nui lākou i nā lālā mau, e haku ana i kahi kiʻi nani a hoʻomanaʻo ʻole.
Magnolia hahana (M. denudata)
Wahi a nā moʻolelo monastery o ke ʻano o Tang, ʻo kekahi o nā ʻano nui a ka nui o ka magnolia i hana ʻia no ka hoʻonani ʻana i ka helehelena he magnolia kūleʻa me nā pua ʻalaʻula keʻokeʻo a hiki i 15 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā lāʻau waho ʻole a i ʻole nā wīwī wīwī 8-10 e like me ka sulange magnolia. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻano like mai Kina, he mea maopopo ʻo ia kekahi o nā kūpuna o ke kinikou kaulana.
Kūkulu ʻia kahi mea kanu kūikawā, hoʻomaka i ka wā mua o ka puna, i ka wā ʻaʻole i kihi ka ʻōpio lau, a noho mau nā pua o nā pua brownish. ʻO ka nui, nā kumulia o nā lāʻau magnolia i uhi ʻia me nā pua nui i loko o nā unahi fluffy kala. A laila huli lākou i mau pua melemele keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, no nā kenekulia he nui i manaʻo ʻia i loko o ke Aupuni Kūlana he hōʻailona no ka maʻemaʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe.
Aia nā mea kanu pua ma nā hōʻiliʻili ma ka Hikina Hema a ma nā wahi o ʻEulopa mai ka North Caucasus a me ka Black Black region.
Luahine Magnolia (M. salicifolia)
Ma Iapana, ulu kahi magnolia me nā pua keʻokeʻo a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomanawanui. He magnolia voluminous kēia, ʻaʻole ka mea haʻahaʻa i ka nani i nā ʻano o mua, a me ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo - cobus magnolia.
ʻO ka inoa o ka mea kanu ma muli o ka lau elliptic lau ma kahi o 15 cm lōʻihi.ʻO lākou e nānā aku ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ma loko o ka lāʻau i uhi ʻia i nā pua kīwī me ke anawaena o 12 mau kenimika. ʻO nā hua ʻala a me nā pua magnolia e puka ai i ka wai ʻono o kahi anise, kahi i wehewehe ai i ka inoa inoa ʻelua o nā ʻano Anise Magnolia.
ʻOiai i nā pono he nui, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea kanu i nā hōʻiliʻili. ʻO ke kumu ke paʻakikī o ka hoʻopōhulu hua.
Magnolia liliaceae (M. liliflora)
Ma nā māla o Kina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina, hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i ka liliaceae magnolia, no laila i kapa ʻia ma muli o ka ʻano like o nā corollas. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka mea kanu no nā hybridization a me nā ʻano hana.
ʻO kekahi o ia mea i kaulana loa ma ʻEulopa a me Russia. ʻO kēia kahi magnolia nigra (M. liliflora f. Nigra) me nā pua pua e hōʻike ʻia ana i loko o ke kiʻi. Ma waho, he ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā petals, i loko o kahi corolla he ʻulaʻula.
Star Magnolia (M. stellata)
Kīleʻa nā poʻe pua nani i nā mea kanu puaa me nā hōkū magnolia mai Iapana. ʻO ka magnolia stunted, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o 2-3 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ulu ma ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau neat a liʻiliʻi paha. Hāʻawi ka leo hope iā ʻoe e koho i ka pua nui, e hoʻomaka ana ma mua o ka waiho ʻana o nā mea kanu a kū i ka ʻekolu pule.
Ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi poʻe loea ʻo ka mololia hōkū he ʻano dwarf maoli o kekahi ʻano mea kaulana, ʻo ka kobus magnolia. ʻO kā lākou manaʻo e hōʻoia i ka like o waho o nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ka pīkī liuliu, palupalu nā mea ulu iki a makaʻu hou. ʻAʻole kēia pale i ka māla i ka ulu ʻana o ka magnolia i nā ʻāina hema, a hiki ma ka māhele o Moscow.
ʻO ke kiʻi o nā magnolias i ka hoʻolālā i ka ʻāina
Kahi nā pua nani i nā wahi āpau e noho i kahi kūlana.
Ma ka manawa like, ʻike nui nā magnolias i ke kua o nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi ākea kūwaho, i nā māka e pili pono ana nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a ma nā māla tapeworm.
