E kaua mākou me ka puʻu

ʻO ka maʻi lepo ka maʻi maʻamau o nā mea kanu i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā pua fust a e ʻike ʻia e ke ʻano o nā pustules o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui i nā iwi i pā ʻia, mai kahi "puhipala" kahi i piha i nā iwi pua i ka hopena.

ʻŌpala - kahi maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā pua fust, no ka laʻana o ka genus Phragmidium a i ʻole Puccinia.

Hōʻike ʻia i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻoniʻula ma luna o ka lau o ka lau, a ʻike ʻia nā pustules oval a i ʻole ka ʻāpana ʻina ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau.. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama, ulu nā wahi i nā ʻōpala, ʻeli ke lau a hāʻule i lalo.

Nā hōʻailona nui

ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka lesion he convex mau concentric mau ʻōpala a i ʻole nā kīwī o ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau, i liʻiliʻi ka nui ma nā petioles a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu.. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao e kau ai lākou me nā kukui melemele māmā. Ma hope mai, nā wili sporulation velvety o nā ʻano sporulation o ka ʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi ʻūhā i ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mea kanu (i.e. evaporation o ka ea), a me nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi - ke maloʻo a hāʻule ʻana o nā lau.

Lawe ʻia nā pathogens e ka makani a i nā mea ʻino. Pākuʻi ʻia ka maʻi kūloko..

Nā Manuia

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻai, nā mea ʻai, nā mea kanu, nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, nā mea kanu make. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokumu nā mea kanu Pathogens i nā wahi ea o nā mea kanu, hānai i nā manaʻo o nā mea ola wale nō, e pālahalaha ʻia e nā pua.

I nā mea maʻi i hoʻōla ʻia, metabolism, hoʻōla ʻia ka hoʻāla wai, hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika o ke kiʻi photosynthesis, a ua emi ka ulu. Hoʻopilikia ka nahele ʻo nā mea kanu i ka maikaʻi o nā hua a me nā hua, nā mea e hoʻomoʻa i ka palaoa a me ka rye.

Hoʻopilikia loa maikaʻi: nā kaila linear (kumu kumuake o Puccinia graminis), ka palaoa brown (P. triticina, nā mea kanu waena - cornflower a me ka hazel), brown rye (P. dispersa, waena waena o nā mea kanu - curvedflower a puaʻula), mauʻu melemele (P. striiformis), dwarf sebela ( P. hordei, mea kanu waena - hua manu), crown oats (P. coronifera, intermediate plant - buckthorn), palaoa (P. sorghi, waena mea kanu - sour), pua nani (P. helianthi), flax (Melampora liniusitatissimi), sugar sugar (Uromyces betae), nā pua lāʻau, (Phragmidium rubi), nā ʻula, nā hua puaa (pathogen Gymnosporangium sabinae, mea kanu waena - maʻamau me ka maʻamau Malama pono iunipera), bokalchataya ole columnar gooseberries a me currants (pathogens niioaaonoaaiii Puccinia ribesii caricis, Cronatrium ribicola, waena mea kanu - sedge, Siberian kedera tidara a Weymouth tidara). Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia ka hopena pōkole o ka pine pulu (cheryanka), nā lau o ka larch a me nā lau Birch (Melampsoridium betulae), nā pono o ka puna (Chrysomyxa ledi a abietis), nā paila popo (pathogens he mau ʻano o nā fungi o ka genus Coleosporium).

Nā hana ʻohi

ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā pūʻali waena o ka ʻūlū, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua kanu a i ʻole nā mea kanu mai waena mai o lākou.
ʻO ke kīhāpai hohonu o ka honua no ka luku ʻana o ka hoʻoilo uredo-a me nā teletospores.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pale o ka mea kanu ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā hana mahiʻai (līlū ʻana i nā lā, i hoʻonui ʻia i ka nui o nā manaʻo o ka phosphate a me nā pāhare kōpili, etc.).
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka wehe ʻana a me ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā hua me nā fungicides (rust o ka lā, flax, sugar beet).
ʻO ka pīpī ʻana me nā hua manu i ka manawa ma hope o ka lau ʻana o nā lau me kahi ʻelua ʻelua ma hope o 15 mau lā (ka ʻūhū o nā gooseberries a me nā currants, nā lāʻau ʻapala, nā ʻaina, nā kuʻu puaʻa, puna); ʻona a me nā ʻōlaʻi pale.
Hoʻokuʻu i nā lau a me nā lālā. E noi i ka pīpī me ka hoʻomākaukau: "topaz", "Vectra", "strobe", Hoʻohui a Bordeaux, cuproxate. Hoʻomaʻi hou ʻia ka mālama ʻia 2-3 mau manawa ma hope o 10 mau lā.