ʻO ka hapa nui o nā māla i nā kauwela kauwela i kanu i nā kumulāʻau he nui. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine lākou ʻaʻole loaʻa nā ʻano āpau i ka mea haʻahaʻa loa. No ke aha la hoi? E nānā i nā ʻano āu e ulu ai. ʻO ia ka mea nui a Skorospelka red, Tula ʻeleʻele, Hungarian Moscow, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano koho o nā lāhui. I nā wā he nui o ka plum i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka huahana nui, akā i ka wā kahiko a me ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hua ʻai.
Mai ke ʻano o ka plum homemade he:
- ʻO ke kakahiaka, Opal, Kolkoz kolamu ʻōpio - ke aloha mua;
- Blue Gift, hoihoi, Sukhanovskaya - manawa waena;
- Greengage Tambovsky, Hoʻomanaʻo Timiryazev - ka pō o ka wā;
Kūpono hua, ʻōleʻa like. © zomikomercNā ʻano hua mai nā ʻāpana Kina a me ʻAmelika - Skoroplodnaya a me ka Pepa Red. Nā ʻano ʻano hou o ka plum o Rūmeka (hybrry cherry plum):
- ʻōpala mua - ʻala a ʻala. Kuban comet;
- nā lā waena elit form 8-14, Vetraz;
- kikowaena hapa - Mara.
E nīnau paha ka mea heluhelu: ʻaʻole mau ʻano like ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia? Ke pane nei wau, ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ko lākou pono iho, a me nā pono ʻole, e hoʻopiʻi kekahi i kekahi. Loaʻa hoʻi ka ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole i nā hua like ʻole a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi. Inā liʻiliʻi ka pūnaewele, a i mea e pale aku ai i ka "hakakā" me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ulu ʻia nā ʻano ma luna i loko o ke ʻano o nā pua o 4-5 mau ʻōpala-ʻoʻō hoʻi i ka lāʻau i loko o ka lei (Tenkovskaya manu nunu, Rakitovskaya, dessert Tatar, Skorospelka ʻulaʻula, a me kekahi mea.). Hōʻike ʻia nā wehewehe o kēia mau ʻano.
Home plum
Kakahiaka
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.
Loaʻa ʻia mai ka ʻaihue ʻāpana kūmole Skorospelka ʻulaʻula a me ke ʻano Pelekane o French (French) ʻo Renclod Ulensa. ʻO nā pua pua a me nā kumulāi nā lālā ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi hope ke hoʻōla ʻia ma hope o ka manuahi. Kūleʻa i ka maʻi. Ua pua ia ma Mei 12-20. ʻO Skoroplodny - i ka makahiki 4 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hāʻawi i ka 22 kg o ka hua mai kahi kumu. Kūpaʻa nui. ʻOi aku ka huaʻai ma hope o nā minima me nā pōkole koʻikoʻi, ma hope o ke kuolo ʻana, akā, ʻaʻole i pili nā mea kaumaha i ka puna i nā hua o nā hua. Nui nā hua, awelika ke kaupaona 26 g, loa - 32 g, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻono maikaʻi a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻono. Ripen i ʻAukake 4-11. Ua manuahi ka iwi, ma ka 6.5% o ke kaumaha o ka pēpē. ʻO nā hua nā mea maikaʻi i ka pihi hou a no nā ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi, me ka manuahi ʻole. I ka 2001, ua komo pū ʻia ma ka Mokuʻāina Kauwahine o nā Koho Moku i ʻāpono ʻia no ka Hoʻohana ma ka Central Central o Rūsia.
Pua plum. © RDGOpole
Hōʻike Swedia. Nā kumulāʻau 2.5-3 m kiʻekiʻe, me kahi lei aliʻi i paʻa i ka aniani, hina ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, akā ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi ʻia. Kahiʻau ma Mei 12-20, i mua - i ka makahiki 4 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hāʻawi i ka 21 kg o ka hua mai kahi lāʻau. ʻAʻole lawa nā hua (7 mau hāʻule o nā huaʻai mai nā makahiki 16) ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi nui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ma lalo -30 ° C, akā ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hopena. Ke kū nei i ka maʻi.
Nā huaʻai o ka wā ʻala mua (ʻAukake 2-10), ʻono a me ke ʻano ʻono ʻono, ʻo ka paona o 15 g. Maʻa manuahi, 4.7% o ke kaumaha o ka hua. Mahele pilikino ia iho, ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana ia i loko o nā kauwela kauwela o nā kaona a me nā lālā hema o ka Non-Black Earth Region i ke ʻano o nā maʻi i loko o nā lei o nā lāʻau ʻalopalulu maloʻo-ulu a i ʻole e ulu ai kahi kumu lāʻau.
Hoʻolāla wai kōla
Mea kākau: I.V. Michurin.
Loaʻa ia mai ke kū ʻana i ke ʻano hema o Greenclod kūloko me ka paʻakikī. Nā kumulāʻau 2.5-3 m kiʻekiʻe, me ka lei ākea, a ʻo ka ʻāʻihi hoʻoilo paʻakikī. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo o ka pua pua e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka awelika, ka mea hiki ke ulu i kēia ʻano ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka Huipū o Moscow, a loaʻa pū kekahi me ka kūleʻa nui e hoʻohana ʻia he pollinator no nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka home plum. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hua mua (i ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hiki i ka hua ke hāʻawi i ka 5 kg o ka hua ma kēlā me kēia ulu). ʻO ka meaʻokoʻa e pono iā ia iho, pono nā pollinators. ʻO ka hāʻawi awelika o 8 kg i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. Hoʻopili loa nā kumulāʻau i nā hua hua i ke anuanu a me ka ua i ka wā kanu.
ʻO nā mea kaupaona kaupaona ma kahi o 17 g, ka mea i waho, ke kākāʻau. Hoʻomaʻomaʻo ka pulp, me kahi momona nani a me nā momonaʻono. ʻAʻole make ka iwi i hope o ka pulupopa a ʻo 6.5% ka nui o ke kaupa. Hoʻomaka mua, ʻAukake 10-18. Hoʻohana nui ka hua.
Hoʻomoana Plum. © hauʻoliʻO ka makana Blue
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.
Loaʻa ʻia mai ke kaʻe ʻana i ke ʻano kaiāulu o Ochakovskaya ʻeleʻele a me Pamela Timiryazev. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau a hiki i 3 m. ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o nā pua pua ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe, he lāʻau ka lāʻau. He pua ana 13-18. ʻO Skoroplodny, ma ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hāʻawi i 8 mau hua o ka hua mai kahi kumu. ʻO ka pae waena no nā makahiki 16 he 14 kg. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā hua - hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia nā huaʻai e 4 ma mua o 16 mau makahiki. Hoʻopau nā hua i ke kūlike - ʻAukake 16-24. ʻO ko lākou paona koina he 14 g, ʻo ka nui ka 17 g. He ʻolua, ʻeleʻele poni. Ka ʻike hoʻāʻo ʻana ma o 3.8 mau pāʻina, ka wā i hoʻoiho - 4, 3 mau māka. ʻO ka iwi he 7,1% o ka nui o ka pūpū, ma hope o ka pulup. He momona a maikaʻi loa ka mākeke. I ka 2001, ua komo pū ʻia ma ka Mokuʻāina Kauwahine o nā Koho Moku i ʻāpono ʻia no ka Hoʻohana ma ka Central Central o Rūsia.
Nā kiʻi piha
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova, V. S. Simonov.
Loaʻa ʻia mai ke kālai iā Michurinsky like ʻole ʻo Renklod kolkhoz a me nā ʻano hema Victoria. Hōʻike ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo pua ma mua o ka Blue Gift, akā i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kakahiaka o ka Poaono. ʻO nā lāʻau pua lāʻau, 2.5-3 m kiʻekiʻe, hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi ma hope o ka manuahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā maʻi lau. Hoʻololi maikaʻi loa nā ʻano - i ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hāʻawi a hāpana i 20 kg o nā hua mai kahi kumu. Maile ʻoi, akā mau nō ka manawa maʻamau (3 huaʻai a 16 mau makahiki), ʻo ka hua liʻiliʻi he 14 kg o kēlā me kēia lāʻau. ʻO nā mea koho maikaʻi loa no nā Amusing - Moscow Hungarian, Memory Timiryazev. Kūpono me nā paona awelika he 16 g, kiʻekiʻe - 22 g, me ka mea ʻole he hoihoi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi paona violet-ʻona kala, oval. ʻIkuhi helu 4.1 mau kuhi. Maikaʻi ma ka ʻōnaehana hou a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka pōhaku ma hope o ka pulupula a hoʻopaʻa ʻia 3.7% o ke kaumaha o ka pūpū. Ua lawe ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole o ka mokuʻāina ma ia wahi o Central.
ʻO ke kumu lāʻau plum. © Justin DavisSukhanovskaya
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.
Loaʻa ʻia mai nā ʻāpana ʻāpana i nā ʻano ko Skorospelka ʻulaʻula a me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o Greenclod. Nā kumulaʻa a hiki i 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ka lei aliʻi paʻa paʻa. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o nā pua a me nā kumulāʻau he awelika. Ua pua ia ma Mei 13-20. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hua i ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu a hāʻawi i nā 8 kg o ka hua mai kahi lāʻau. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 10 kg o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. ʻO ka maʻi infertile, ka mea maikaʻi loa - ʻo Vengerka Moskovskaya, Pamyat Timiryazev, Renklod kolkhoz a me nā hua like like ʻole o ka plum home. ʻO nā hua momona, ʻulaʻula-a me ka paona awela o 21 g, nā momona maikaʻi, aʻaole i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ʻAukake. Aia ka pōhaku he maʻa, ma hope o ka peni. ʻO ke ʻano like o ka honua I ka 2001, ua komo pū ia ma ka papa inoa o ke Aupuni.
Greenclod Tambov
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.
Loaʻa ʻia mai ke kāʻei ʻana iā Skoropelki ʻulaʻula me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He lāʻau a hiki i 4 m kiʻekiʻe, me kahi lei hoʻoneʻe iki i ka iwi. ʻO ka ʻiliʻā o kona hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pua pua. Hoʻohala maikaʻi aʻe nā mea kanu - ma ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hāʻawi ʻo ia i 8 kg o nā huaʻai mai kahi kumu lāʻau. Hanaʻoki iā ʻoe iho. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi loa nā pollinators ʻo Hungarian o Moscow, ka māla kolamu. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 8 kg o nā hua mai kahi lāʻau, ke kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 35 kg.
Hoʻohuli ʻia nā huaʻai, waena, kaupaona ʻia 16-20 g, poni, me kahi pālaho mānoanoa. Pāwī ka ʻōpana, ʻono me ka momona. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka pōhaku ma hope o ka peni a he 8.7% o ke kaumaha o ka pēpē. Kūleʻa nā hua. mālama ʻia i ke keʻena lumi no ka hana o mua he hebedoma, a i loko o ka friji (2-5 ° C) - a hiki i ka 2 mau mahina 2, ʻoa ka pakeke ma ka lā 1 o Sepatemaba, manaʻo kumu. Ma muli o ka pohō koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau lāʻau e ka lā, ua ʻoki ʻia kona keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā stubo a skeleton formers paha.
Koi Hoʻomanaʻo Timiryazev
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, V. A. Efimov.
Loaʻa ʻia mai ke kāwele iā Victoria a me ke Kai ʻEwele. ʻO ka lāʻau a hiki i 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi lei kau ākea paʻa. ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka pua o nā pua a me nā lāʻau ʻoi iho ke kūlike, ʻoiai ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nā mea hope ma hope o ka manuahi. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kumulāʻau - ma ka makahiki 3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana a hāʻawi lākou i 11 kg o ka hua mai kahi lāʻau (ʻelua hua ʻelua makahiki ʻelua e hāpai ʻia a hiki i 1.5 kg i loko o ka mea kanu). Mahele nui kēlā me kēia ʻano, ʻo ka hua maʻamau i nā makahiki me ke minamina nui ʻana i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā hoʻopau i nā huaʻai ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā pua pua i ka wā lōʻihi o ka ua -33-35 ° C a me nā hāʻule nui o ka mahana. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 8 kg o nā hua mai kahi lāʻau, ke kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 35 kg. Kūpono ka hua i loko o ka like, ʻokoʻa ma ka laulā (18-22 g), ka pakanihihi me kahi pua ʻulaʻula nani. ʻO ka pulū he momona, me kahi huʻihuʻu liʻiliʻi.
He lāʻau lāʻau palaʻelemakule. © Pavel ŠevelaHoʻomaka
Nā mea kākau: X. K. Enikeev, S. N. Satarova.
Ua ʻōleʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pua o kahi ʻōpala hae Sino-ʻAmelika me ka hae mai Ussuri ʻulaʻula. He liʻiliʻi ka lāʻau, a hiki i ka 2.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ka lula ākea. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lālā pālula me nā ʻōpala hua, a uhi ʻia nā kuʻi makahiki i nā ʻehā hua. Hoʻopiliʻia nā pana, ʻulaʻula, nā lau, elongated, kukui uliuli, like me nā peach. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hua lāʻau a me nā hua. E hānai i ka hua ma ka makahiki 2 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO ka huakaʻi no ia iho-infertile, ʻo nā mea koho maikaʻi loa ʻo Red Ball a me nā ʻano cola plum cherry. Hoʻopau nā huaʻai i ka makahiki 2 o ʻAukake, ka nui he nui (20-25 g), ka mea poepoe, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula me kahi pua nani. He melemele ka peni, ʻoi me kahi momona ʻono, ʻono a me ka ʻono. Koi ka iwi, hapa hapalua. E kūpono no nā mea kanu i nā wahi ʻākau o ka māhele o Kihikini.
Hūmū Hūmū plum (plū Lūkini)
He moʻomeheu hou, a me kekahi huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ia. Aia paha, hiki iā ʻoe ke wānana mua i ka hopena o kahi mea kīhāpai iʻike ʻole ʻia: "ʻAʻohe ona wahi i loko o koʻu kīhāpai, ʻoiai he hua liʻiliʻi kona hua." ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano palalima cherry plum e ikaika i ka hoʻololi i kēia manaʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mauwaliwali a ʻaʻole paha e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā maʻi āpau a ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻia e nā pōpilikia i ʻike ʻia i ka plums home, ua ʻōpala lākou ma mua o nā plums maʻamau, a laila e hoʻopiha ai i ka haki i ka loaʻa o ka hua ma hope o ka waiho ʻana a me nā plums ʻaʻole i ʻala.
Mahele ʻulaʻula
Mea kākau ʻO.S.S Zhukov.
Kūpono ka lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, hōʻike i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo ma ka pōkole o nā malulu o nā wahi Tula a me Ryazan. ʻO ka ʻano pili kūleʻa i ka popo hua a me nā aphids. Hoʻomaka a hua nui. ʻO nā hua o ka wā kahiko (hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ulu ʻana ma ka hopena o Iulai) me ka paona awela o 15 g, roundish, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka pulī he mea momona, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me kahi ʻala o mua.
Kūpono lāʻau. © ʻApana PūnaeweleʻOi ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōhaku, ka hapalua mai ke kumulāʻau, 4% o ka lehulehu o ka pūpū. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole no ka hoʻokolohua ma ka Mosia o Moscow a no ka holomua o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka moʻomeheu.
Kuban Kometa
Bred at the Crimean eksperimental breeding station of VNIIR by breeders G.V. Eremin and S.N. Zabrodina from crossing Sino-American plum Skoroplodnaya with cherry plum Pioneer. He pahu ka lāʻau, dwarf (2.5-3 m kiʻekiʻe). I nā kūlana o ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, he mau ke kūleʻa loa, me nā mana o ka regenerative maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o nā pua pua ma lalo o ka awelika, akā ʻoiai i loko o nā makahiki o kā lākou ʻeliʻaka koʻikoʻi, hiki i kahi hua maikaʻi ke lilo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā pua i nā pūnāwai puna. ʻO ka ʻano like ke kūpaʻa me nā aphids, kekahi hapa iho. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 8 kg o nā hua no kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, ke kiʻekiʻe - 18 kg no kēlā me ka lāʻau. Wahi a ka hua, i like ka nui o nā hua mai 24 a 30 g, o ko lākou ʻano he ovoid. Peel me ka hoʻokaʻawale waikā, burgundy. He melemele, ke kō, ka momona. Ua ʻono a ʻono ka ʻono, "piha". Hoʻokomo ka iwi i ka hapalua o ka pulp, ʻo ia ka helu o ka 4.2% o ka nui o ka pūpū. E hoʻomaka ana ʻo Ripening i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻano kolamu ma nā māhele hema a waena o nā ʻāpana o Moscow.
Ke kāpili ʻana i ka comed Kuban, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā lālā nui e kū nei, kahi nui, ma luna o ke kumu lāʻau a me nā lālā lae nui.
Home plum. © ʻcholelo hulinaUa hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu Lūkini Lūkini o nā ʻano o luna ma nā ʻano o ke kūkulu hema a me waena o ka moku o Moscow. Ke kau nei i ka māla, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā hua kanu loea, ua kanu ʻia lākou ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, ma nā kahe o nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao i hema a me ka hema, e kū mālie ana a hoʻomalu ʻia mai nā makani anuanu, akā hāliʻiliʻi ʻia. Pono ka hohonu o ka ʻōpū ma ka pūnaewele ma mua o 1,5 m, ka lepo - a palupalu maoli, hoʻomohala ʻia, humus, ʻokoʻa.
Makemake pū wau e kaʻana i kaʻu ʻike i kaʻi ʻana. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana no ka ʻoki. I loko o ka māla, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi mea pono ʻole, lāʻau ʻole me ka puʻupuʻu palu a puhi a me ka lāʻau māmā, a ma luna o ia he a i ʻole nā lālā nui o ka skeletal e hoʻonui mai ana i ka ʻeke ma ke kihi nui loa, a ʻokiʻoki iā lākou me ka file pruner a kuku paha, haʻalele i ka ʻāpana no 10-15 cm, ʻokiʻoki. hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka pahi ʻo ke kīlei ʻoi a hana me ka pahi kālai ʻia i kahi ʻāpana lōʻihi o ka ʻala i ka lāʻau mai ka palena o ke kua he 2.5-3 cm lōʻihi. E hūnū i kekahi o nā kihi o ka ʻili me ke kua o ke kihi a hoʻokomo i kahi ʻoki o ke ʻoki mai 2-4 ma lalo o ka piko o ke kihi me kahi ʻoki i paʻa i ka lāʻau like ʻodes wahī. Inoculate ma kēia ala, pili i ka mānoanoa o nā hemp (1.5-5 cm), 2-5 ʻokiʻoki. A laila e kāpī i ka wahi o ka pale ʻana me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a uhi i nā ʻāpana ʻole o nā pauku me ka māla var. Pono e hana ʻia ka pipiʻi i ka wā e ulu ikaika ana i ka pana, inā pono ka lāʻau ma hope o ka lāʻau (2 mau makahiki o Mei - ʻo 1 mau makahiki o Iune).
Kau ʻia e Vladimir Sergeevich Simonov, Mīnō o ka ʻepekema Kūʻai Kūʻai, Kaʻi Pōkole Nui, ke Keʻena Koho, VSTISP, (Moscow)
