ʻO nā kumulāʻau lāʻau i nā ʻāina hana

ʻAʻole nā kumulāʻau lāʻau wale nā mea nui a me nā mea palekana o ka hoʻolālā pūnaewele. ʻAʻole ia no kahi mea e kāhea pinepine ai ka poʻe hoʻolālā iā lākou ʻo "ka lei o ka māla": hana lākou i ke kumu, ke kumu o ke hoʻolālā ʻana, ke ʻano a me ka hana, ke kuleana no ka kūlike a me ka nani o kēlā me kēia pūnaewele i nā makahiki he mau makahiki. A ʻaʻole ka hana nui loa e mālama ʻia e nā lāʻau lāʻau, akā, ma o kā lākou mea hoʻonani pale. Ma kahi kokoke i ka hale a i ʻole nā palena mamao o ka papa pūnaewele, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a i ʻole hoʻi me ke kāohi ʻana ma luna o ka moena pua - ʻo nā kumulāʻau pua nui e kū mau ana i nā mea kupanaha loa a me nā mea nui o ka ʻāina.

Hiki i nā lāʻau nui i loko o ka māla ke lilo i mau a ulu a ʻoluʻolu i nā hanauna he nui

ʻO ka hana paʻakikī o ke poʻo o ke aupuni kīhāpai

ʻO nā lāʻau nui i ka hiʻohiʻona mau. ʻAʻole hoʻi wale i ka ʻano maoli: hoʻoili lākou i ka pae āpau iā lākou iho, e kuhikuhi i nā poʻohiwi nui a hoʻonohonoho i ka wahi, hoʻoholo a hoʻomālamalama i kona hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano hana o ka hoʻolālā a he ʻano kūlike e like me nā kumupaʻa nui. ʻAʻole māla wale kahi māla me nā lāʻau ʻole. ʻAʻohe ola, he pālahalaha, banal a inexpressive plain. A ma kahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi papa liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, me kēia ʻole o ka helu ʻana i ka hale āu e hana ʻole ai i kahi ʻoluʻolu launa, me ka mea e pili ʻole i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hoʻolālā. ʻAʻole ia ka pilu i kapa ʻia i kēlā mau lāʻau lāʻau: ʻo ia ka mea e hilinaʻi a hilinaʻi hou ʻole o ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina, ka mea nui a me ka koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoholo i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, ka noʻonoʻo o ka palekana a me ka noho kaʻawale ʻana o ka māla. A i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka ulu nui nei ka waiwai o kahi lāʻau nui, ke ulu a me kāna mea nui. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki ke loli ka moena pua a me nā kala a puni, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kahi māla ma waho o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano, akā ke hana mau ka lāʻau nui ma ka pūnaewele i kāna mau hana me ka maikaʻi pū kekahi.

He lāʻau nui ma ka māla e hoʻokokoke:

ʻO ke kumu nui;
ke kaupaona ʻana i nā kumu hana kūkulu;
accent kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe;
kumu o nā ʻāina momona no ka wahi ʻoliʻoli;
ka māla pua o ka waihona kumu;
ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ka waiho ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, ke koho ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho a me ke ʻano o ka ʻohu;
nā kumu nui o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻekolu o ka helehelena o ka ʻāina;
he kumu no ka lewa kūikawā, palekana, ka piha;
ke kumu hōʻaila nui (maʻamau me ka "kiko" "i ke ʻano - ka pua i ka puna, ke kākela variegated i ke kauwela a i ka hūhou paha), etc.

Loaʻa i nā lāʻau nui paha nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

ʻO ka hana o nā kaakaa o ka pūnaewele ka mea ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka hiki o kā lākou hoʻohana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana. ʻAʻole pono ke kanu ʻia kēlā lāʻau ma ka wao i wahi kaʻawale ma kahi kahua paʻa ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka lāʻau pale kālai e pale i kahi kihi no ka hoʻomaha ʻana, e hoʻonani i kahi papahele nui, a waiho ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonoho pū kekahi. A hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu iā ia ma kahi kokoke i ka hale a i ka paha e like me ke kaila (me ke kūpono kūpono - me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mamao ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hapalua o ke anawaena o ka lei), hūnā iā ia i loko o kahi paʻa a me ka māla pua pua.

I ka manawa like, ʻokoʻa ke “kiʻekiʻe” no kēlā me kēia māla. Manaʻo nā kumu nui i ka nui, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe e kokoke ana i ka hale, e hoʻomaka me ka nui o ka pā. No kahi māla liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻekolu-mika ka lōʻihi. No kahi pūnaewele nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolilo i nā nui maoli, hiki i ka 20-30 m ke kiʻekiʻe, a e hana iho i nā alima mai lākou.

ʻO nā lāʻau nui i kapa ʻia he hana hoʻohiwahiwa, "standard" ʻano ʻōnaehana o ka'āina. Akā ʻo kēlā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hui nui loa o nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole wale nō i kuhihewa, akā pili maoli nō hoʻi: no ka hāʻule i ke aloha me nā kumu lāʻau o ka "maxi" nui, lawa ia e nānā ai no ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa. Kahi pua e like me ka pua o ka pua, i ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana o nā hua a me nā lau alohilohi, a laila e hāʻawi ana i ka pā i ke kāʻei ʻala i ka wā o ka lūlū. A ʻo kekahi e hoʻohuli i nā kumulāʻau maʻalahi i loko o ka hoʻolālā maʻamau o ka māla. ʻO ka derain keʻokeʻo me kāna mau kapa motley, e pili ana i ka uwē ʻana o ka Birch, nā palapala ʻala me ke kala keleawe a me nā lau lūlū ʻalemala, e like me ka nui o kā lākou mau hoahānau pākuʻi nui, e hoʻopoina koke iā ʻoe i nā kūlana.

ʻO ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe āu i koho ai e like me ʻoe

Nā rula no ka koho ʻana i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe no ka pūnaewele

ʻO ke koho ʻana o kahi kumulāʻau nui he mea nui i nā ʻono he nui. ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomanaʻo nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mea nui hoʻi, ua lawe ʻia mai i loko o ka māla i nā makahiki he mau makahiki, a i kekahi mau manawa mau kenekulia. A kokoke lākou i ka ʻuhane iā ʻoe. ʻO nā mea āpau i loko o lākou - mai ke ʻano o ka lei i nā lau a me ka ʻōpala - pono ʻoe. Akā aia nō nā kānāwai kūpono loa no ka koho ʻana i nā higants.

ʻO nā alakaʻi nui no ka huli ʻana i kāu lāʻau nui kūpono loa e pono:

kāna kumu hana;
ke ʻano o ka hale a me nā hale ʻē aʻe ma ka pae;
kahi e hiki i kahi lāʻau nui ke noho (ma hope o kona loaʻa ʻana i kona nui nui).

Meʻākaʻāmaʻomaʻo Europa, a i ʻole Forest beech (Fagus sylvatica). © Serena

Akā ʻo ka mea i makemake ʻia o ka lei aliʻi ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka loiloi subordinate. Koho ʻia ia ʻaʻole wale e ʻono, akā hāʻawi ʻia i kahi o ke kahua. No kahi māla liʻiliʻi, makemake ʻia e koho i nā kumulāʻau nui me nā lei ākea a puni, a i ʻole nā palena palena elongated, no nā mea nui hiki iā ʻoe ke mana a me ka puna. Akā pili nā mea āpau: maikaʻi nā lāʻau uwē i nā kūlana a pau. A ʻo nā umbrella-ʻano like, hiki i nā hale like ʻole ke hoʻopili pono ʻia i loko o nā māla like ʻole inā e hui pū ʻia me nā hale, koho ʻia nā ʻano hou hou, a ʻoliʻoli a ʻano paha nā lāʻau.

Ma nā wahi nui, nā palapala palapala, nā lehu mauna, linden hiki ke hoʻololi i ka oak, ka lehu, beech. No nā māla o nā wahi iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā cherries hoʻonani a me nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala, nā papa holly holomua, nā plums, robinia pseudoacacia, ka ʻuʻu piha, kao a me ke keʻokeʻo, rowan-leavene a me ka maʻamau, ka uwe ʻana i ka birch, kobus magnolia, a me ka bigonya catalpa he koho maikaʻi ʻole hou loa. ʻO ka poʻe makemake e hana i ka māla ma ka pā ʻāina iʻa ʻia e nā tubs Woody - privet, holly ma ka lula, maple maple, magnolias a me nā exotics, kahi e lawe ʻia ai i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoilo, e ʻae ʻia e hōʻike i kahi lāʻau nui a hiki i nā mini-plots kokoke i nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale. . ^ E Ha yM.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi kumulāla no kahi māla, hoʻokūpaʻa i kona paʻakikī ʻilo. Penei, manaʻo ʻia ʻo paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) ʻaʻole i kūpono no nā wahi me nā mahele weliweli. © paulowniatree

Ke koho nei i kahi mea kanu no kou māla, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i ka mea pale wale nō ia, akā paʻakikī nō hoʻi ka hoʻoilo. ʻO Catalpa, ma kahi hoʻohālike, he kūpono kūpono ia no nā ʻāina hema, ʻoiai nā papa ʻōpala a me nā lāʻau āpau e kū a hiki i ka hoʻoilo ʻoi loa.

6 punahele i waena o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe

Nā punahele Universal na laau maple aihuaacer platanoides), e like me kā lākou mau hoa mai waena mai o nā papa palapala, ʻaʻole hewahewa ke noho lākou i kahi ʻāpana kūikawā i ka puʻuwai o kekahi mea hoʻolālā kiʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma waena o lākou he mau lāʻau nani a hiki i ke anawaena he 2 mau mika, a me nā nunui a me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke anawaena a hiki i ka 6 m (no ka laʻana, ka ʻano like ʻole o Globosum ʻano like ʻole). ʻO ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o nā kala mai kekahi manawa i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ia he mea nui aku ma mua o ka nani o nā lau, ka mānoanoa o ka lei curly a me nā kiʻi like ʻole e hoʻohuli ai i kēlā me kēia maple i kahi hōkū maoli o kekahi ʻāina.

Plum liʻiliʻi-plum (prunus serrulata) - he lāʻau, akā i ka makahiki ʻokoʻa i ʻumi mau mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe, akā ke hoʻololi nei i ke ʻano hoʻohua o ka lei i nā kaila nani. ʻO ka mea kaʻoi o ka makua o ka plum, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau lālā, e hoʻokumu ana i nā "pūnāwai" kiʻi kiʻi. Hoʻomaopopo piha kahi mea aloha i nā wahi lulu i ke poʻo inoa o kahi lāʻau maikaʻi i ka pūnāwai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ka hana mana o ka pua liʻiliʻi i ka ʻōpio i ka wā mua o Mei, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka pau ʻole. ʻO nā pua nani a pink i kumulima i nā lālā lōpina me ka lei mānoanoa, a ua lilo ka lāʻau āpau i kahi hihiu mana.

Lindens (tilia) - manu kūpale, i koho ʻia no ke kuleana o ke kiaʻi ʻohana. Aʻo ia mai lindens ke loaʻa nā lihi kupanaha loa. Hoʻohālike, elongated, mau mea nani he kanakolu-ʻeka loa nei i ka lōʻihi o ke kauwela. Akā i ka ʻoliʻoli o nā lau, ka lei lei, ke ʻala ʻāheu a me ka leo hoʻoneʻe a ka linden i lawe mai ai i ka wahi i hoʻopukapuka piha ai no ka wā liʻiliʻi. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia mau lāʻau pā nahele i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, akā ma nā māla kūpono, kūpono lākou inā kanu ʻia i loko o kahi kaawale nani.

E poina iā ʻoe e pili ana i ke kūlana o "classics boring" a e ʻoka ana i ka lā (betula pendula) Hoʻomau mau kēia lāʻau i ka mahalo i nā lālā lōʻihi a ʻūpiki e pili kokoke ana i ka lepo. I ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka nani i nā mahele 6-8 mau lā, akā mau loa ke ʻano maʻalahi, aneane ʻole nā kau a kau ʻia ka nani. Hāʻawi ia i nā māla i kahi leʻalulu aloha a me nā poʻi, kūpono i loko o ke kanu lāʻau paʻakikī.

Liuliu, nā mea ʻokoʻa, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea kupaianaha. laina poʻomanaʻo (sorbus aria) ʻO kahi uhi pale polū o nā lau ,ʻeleʻele ma luna a e keʻokeʻo ma lalo, me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 15 mau mika me ka ulu lohi, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ke koena o ka lehu mauna. E like me ke kala, a me ka ʻulaʻula, ka manawaleʻa o ka hua, a me kahi lei ākea.

Nā punahele me nā wēwili maʻemaʻe kekahi i kahi punahele hou - ʻEchlelo ʻEulopa, a i ʻole ka naheleʻO nā maʻi fagus), aia nō nā ʻano lehele ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula, e like me "Purpurea Pendula". ʻO kēia ʻano nunui, palena i ka 5 mika i ke kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻike mua. ʻO ka nani o ka nani regal, ʻeleʻele nā ʻukala, nā kāwaha o nā lālā manamana e lanakila ana me ka nānā ʻole a me nā kiʻi kupaianaha hou. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe e noho ana ma ke kūkulu hema i loaʻa kekahi mea e mahalo ʻia ma waho o ka beech: ka ʻōpala kū hoʻokahi a lokomaikaʻi ua loaʻa ʻo Paulownia (paulownia tomentosa), a me nā mea momona o nā ʻano āpau, a me nā hua citrus me nā lāʻau ʻoliva - he nui ka wae e koho.