ʻO Larch ka mea i moho nui loa

I ke kakahiaka nui o 1960, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika Seattle (Wakinekona), ka Pōʻalima ʻo World Forestry Congress i hoʻopau i kāna hana. Ua hoʻoholo nā ʻelele o kahi ʻoihana hoʻomalu mau, i hele mai nei mai 96 mau ʻāina mai, e hoʻopau i ka ʻaha kūkā me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi māla launa kai ʻo Peoples '. Ma ka mokū kikowaena, pono i kēlā me kēia hui ke kanu i kahi lāʻau ʻāina o ko lākou ʻāina. ʻO ia ka huli o ka luna Soviet. ʻO nā leo kani o ko mākou ʻano ʻāina, ua hele ʻo ia i ka pae ʻāina. Ua hele kekahi ʻōpiopio ʻAmelika i kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau me ka hae ula, he kaikamahine me ka pua a me nā hua ʻōno o kahi lāʻau lahui e hele ana ma ka hema.

He aha ka lāʻau i hoʻonani ʻia e hōʻike i ka mana nui o ka honua ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika? Aia ma mua o 1700 mau mea ulu o nā mea kanu lāʻau a he 2000 mau mea like o nā ʻano haole e ulu ana i ko mākou ʻāina. No laila e koho mai iā lākou i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa. Akā ua hele koke nā kumu lāʻau Soviet i kahi hoʻoholo lokahi. Hoʻoholo maikaʻi! Inā kānalua, e nānā i ka palapala o ko mākou ʻāina.

ʻO ka mākeke palahalaha e alo aku ana i ka nahele mai ke komohana a i ka hikina ma waena o Rūsia. Ma kahi kokoke o ka hapalua o kēia wahi i noho ʻia e larch, ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi hapaha o hoʻokahi miliona hepeka - mai Lake Onega a hiki i ka Moana of Okhotsk. Elima mau ʻāina, e like me Palani, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi manuahi i ka wahi i noho ʻia e larch. No laila ʻaʻole nui nā mau lāʻau ākea i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO kēia ka kumulāʻau lāʻau maikaʻi kūpono loa.

Larch ka kaulana no kona lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke noho nei ʻo ia me nā hoʻohālikelike me nā hanauna ʻē aʻe i lōʻihi: e pili ana i 400-500 mau makahiki, akā he pale ʻē aʻe kāna lāʻau. No nā haneli he mau makahiki a he mau tausani paha mau makahiki, mālama pono ʻia, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manawa a me ka ikaika a me ka kala kumu. I kēia manawa hoʻi, i nā mākele o nā kaila Siberian, ʻike pinepine i nā koena o nā pā kahiko i kūkulu ʻia e nā koa o Khan Kuchum. ʻElima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kau ʻia nā lāʻau lāʻau larch i loko o lākou, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kekahi mea ʻole.

Loaʻa ka nui o nā huahana larch i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻana o nā puʻu Pazyryk kaulana loa ma Altai. No nā makahiki he 25, ua kālai lākou i ka wā. Ua mālama ʻia kēia mau hōʻike kūlike o ka ʻōpio mau loa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Mokuʻāina ma St. Ma laila ʻoe ʻike ʻike ai i nā kaena o nā kohu kikowaena, nā ʻalāʻau sarcophagus, nā hale kaua kaua me nā huila i kālai ʻia mai nā kumu o ke larch. Hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kēia mau mea āpau ma ka Pae Bronze ma nā koi keleawe keleawe. No ka millennia, uaʻeleʻele wale nā ​​huahana kahiko a loaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka pōhaku. He mea kupaianaha anei kēia mau loli? ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wā o ke ola, ʻokoʻa kahi larch maʻamau.

Holo, e like me nā kolamu, nā lāʻau larch maoli nā nāhelehele nahele. ʻO 30-40 mika o ke kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole ka palena no lākou, he 50-mika pū kekahi me kahi mānoanoa kahi a hiki i ka 2 mika. Hāʻawi ka nahele Larch i kahi lāʻau hoʻopaʻa i kēlā me kēia hekahi no kā mākou mea kanu: a hiki i ka 1,500 cubic cubic a i ʻole.

Larch (Larix)

Hoʻohana ka lāʻau Larch i ka hana moku ʻana i kēia wā, i ka hana ʻana o nā mokulele, nā kaʻa, a me nā ʻoihana loea. Me ka ʻole o ka impregnation kūikawā, hele ia i ka poʻe hiamoe a me nā polele telegraph a maikaʻi loa no nā moorings, nā alahaka, nā pākaʻi, kahi, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka luku.

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​kānaka a pau a me ka lāʻau wale nō, akā e hoʻohuli iā ia i mau huaʻōlelo kūpono. Mai ka pākahi kubita o ka lāʻau larch, e hoʻohana ana i ka wahine mana mana o ka ʻimi ʻana, 200 kilokela o ka selulose a i ʻole like ka nui o ke kōla waina, 2000 mau pālua o ke ʻano a i ʻole 1,500 mika o ka lole siliki, 6,000 mika kūloko o ka cellophane a i ʻole 700 lita o ka waina wai ʻona e loaʻa. ʻO nā kaukani a me nā haneli waiwai ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia mai nā huahana lāʻau larch: turpentine a me ka waikawa acetic, rosin a me ka wili paila, match a me nā mea hou aku. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiko mai ka lāʻau larch no ka pena ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻohiolo ʻana i nā ʻāpana, a lawe ʻia ka aila pono ʻia mai ka pono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lāʻau, i kona wā e ola nei, e hāʻawi aku i kahi kiʻekiʻe resin kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i kāhea ʻia i ka mākeke o ka honua, ʻo Venetian turpentine. Loaʻa ia e ka helu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ulu a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila a me ka ʻāpana.

Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe loea i ka larch i nā mea kanu coniferous, akā ʻaʻole like i ka spruce a i ʻole ka pine, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻolulilulu ʻia nei i kona kaila mau no ka hoʻoilo. Ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻokele larch i kēlā me kēia makahiki, loaʻa ia i kona inoa. Akā, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pono, he kuleana ia o nā lāʻau, a he mālama i nā ʻōpala larch i nā wa hee wale nō. ʻO ka mea, i ka wā kahiko, ʻo ka larch kahi lāʻau evergreen a hiki i ka manawa kūpono ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻano paʻakikī o ke ʻākau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e ʻohi ana i nā moʻo, e hoʻēmi ai kēia i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka wai ma ka lei i ka hoʻoilo. Pono e mālama, no ka mea hiki ʻole i nā aʻa ke komo i ka makika mai ka ʻāina maloʻo.

Maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻo Larch i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū. ʻO kona mau lālā lōʻihi, he melemele ʻeleʻele-ʻōpala i ka wā mua i ka wā hoʻokahi (i hoʻokahi a ʻelua a ʻoluʻolu paha, nā lā maikaʻi) i ulana ʻia me nā lau mānoanoa o nā moʻo lahilahi. E kū'ē i ko lākou mau emerald background, e like me nā mālamalama o kahi kumulāʻau Kalikimaka, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​kukui cone mālamalama a me nā pua spikelets "flash" ma hope o kekahi. ʻOi aku ka nani o Larch i kēia manawa. E kū ana kahi aniani kukui ma luna o ko lākou mau lei aliʻi o nā pua gula. Ke holomua nei ke koho.

ʻO Larch kahi lāʻau monoecious: pili nā cones wahine a me nā spikelets kāne ma ka lāʻau like.

I ka hala o ka manawa, eʻeleʻele ke kala o nā pono, kū a ulu ka ulu, a laila huli nā peni liʻiliʻi he nui i ka enaena, ʻala. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka wā kahiko paha, huli hou ka larch i kahi hoʻolauleʻa, kēia manawa ke aniani-ʻulaʻula, ka lole. Me ka nohona larch ulu i kēia manawa o ka makahiki. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka taiga Siberian mai ke kihi a ka ʻaoʻao. Inā lele ka lele ma luna o ka taiga, a aʻele paha i kēia mau lā ma ka Yenisei a i ʻole Lena, Aldan a i Kolyma, me he mea lā ua nalowale ʻoe i ke kai ākea ākea. ʻO ka honu Siberian wale nō ka mana e hoʻopani ai i kēia mālamalama lohi honua holoʻokoʻa. E hoʻoulu ʻia ka hau hau mua, a e mālie mālie nā kui gula mai nā lāʻau. Akā e ʻānai ʻo ia i ka taiga me nā makani anuanu mua. I kekahi mau lā wale nō, nalowale nā ​​lāʻau larch i kā lākou lole nani, a ke noho nei lākou i ke kau hoʻoilo a pau i ka hoʻoilo o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka larch i kahi makahiwa haʻalulu: ke kū mālie nei ʻo ia me nā hulu o ka hau ma ka ulu ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. He nui kāna mau mea iā lākou ma nā cones brownish akā he nui.

ʻO ka pua pua.

Eia nō naʻe, ua like ka larch a me ka ua i ka pono. ʻAʻole ia he mea kīhāpai e kanu nui ana nā kumu lāʻau o Ukraine a me ke Kuban, Volga a me Moldavia.

E hoʻomaikaʻi piha i ko lākou hilinaʻi, ulu koke a wikiwiki pū me ka sultry hema.

Mahalo ʻia nā ʻano ʻōpua o nā larch. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana, e kūlike ʻole i nā lepo a me ka hiki ke hana i ke ʻano maʻemaʻe a kāwili pū ʻia e ʻōlelo no lākou iho. Ma Zelenogorsk, kokoke i St. Petersburg, a i kēia manawa ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻano lāʻau larch kūʻokoʻa, i waiho ʻia e ka kānāwai ʻo Peter I e ka "kanaka kanaka" ʻo Fokel. ʻO kēia ka mea mua a, ma ke ʻano o ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻāʻo loa a hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻano lāʻau e kūpono pono ana. Kūkulu nā māla Soviet ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau he 20 o nā ʻano larch i loaʻa ma ka honua, he mau mākiha mākou he 14. He mau poʻe i noho ma Carpathians, kekahi ʻē aʻe ma Sakhalin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Kurilulo.

Eia naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i Siberian larch, kahi e ulu nei i ka Peoples 'Friendship Park ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka lāʻau hoʻomanaʻo mua o ia ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Kahi hoʻi i ka makahiki 1706, i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu o ke Kahu Lapaʻau ma Moscow, ua kanu wau i nā larch me nā lima ponoʻī. Ua ola ke ʻano o kēia mahele no ka hapahā o ka miliona miliona Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hōʻailona he nui o ka manawa.

E pili wale ana i ko Larch hoʻomake, ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā ululāʻau Soviet: "Ma hea kahi huaʻōlelo i haʻaheo ai: kū nā lāʻau." I ka mea maoli, nani nā Petrovsky Veteran Tree i kēia manawa aia wale kekahi mau lālā liʻiliʻi e ola ana ma luna. Akā, ua hāʻawi mua ʻia ka pahu o nā hanauna; ua lawe mua ʻia kāna keiki ʻōpio i kahi hiapo hanohano mai ka lāʻau hoʻomanaʻo kahiko. Koho aku ka mea aloha o ka māla iā ia ma kahi kokoke loa i ka lā o 250 o ka lāʻau lapaʻau o mua.