ʻO nā māla o ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow a nui a like like me ka hema. ʻO nā bants i hoʻomake ʻia nā Botanists no ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow - nā ʻano no ke kauwela, ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. Aia nā pua kumulāʻau a me nā ʻāpana lahilahi e hiki ke kūpono i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. I mea e kōkua ai i ka māla, hāʻawi mākou i kahi wehewehe o kekahi mau ʻano, akā ʻaʻole naʻe.
Nā helu mākaʻi
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi o nā pears no ka wahi ma Moscow. I kiʻi e loaʻa ai kahi hua kanu, e kanu ʻia nā lāʻau 2-3 kokoke loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā ke ʻano ʻo ia kekahi o lākou. Mālama pilikino, hoʻopili ʻia e ka cross-pollination, hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ovaries.
I ka weheweheʻana o ka maki Marmer, ua pale ʻia kona pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi, me ka scab. Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe 4 mika me kahi lei ākea e hūnā i ka hua no 6-7 mau makahiki. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mea kanu ka mea e hōʻemi ana i ka hua me ka wai ʻole o ka wai. Kūpono nā hua i ka nui a me ka hoʻāʻo, ʻiniki ma ka mua o ʻAukake. ʻO ka paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo, kahi mea kanu makahiki.
No kēlā me kēiaʻano me ka maʻamau hou. Ulu ka lāʻau i ka 2.5 m, hana mua i kahi funnel, a laila e kū me ka pyramid. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā nuʻi mua ma ke kiʻi - Lada pear ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana i ka Iulai. ʻAʻole nui nā hua, 90 - 110 g, akā aia ka hopena ma kahi o 40 kg mai kahi lāʻau lāʻau hoʻokahi. Ke puka nei ka hua he 2-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Loaʻa kālai:
- paʻakiki maloʻo kiʻekiʻe;
- ke kū'ē nei i ka puhi baki, kope;
- nā koi koi i ke kukui;
- hua maikaʻi.
Hoʻololi wale ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole, akā i ke alo i kahi lei Rogneda a i Chizhovskaya, ua nui loa ka hua. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole i ka lei o ka lāʻau nui.
Hoʻomaka pinepine ke ʻano, hiki i nā hua nā 250 kalona, akā ua lōʻihi ka lāʻau a paʻakikī ke kāohi i nā hua. Mālama ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili mua no nā wiki he 2, ʻoi aku nā huaʻai, ʻono maikaʻi a kūʻai ʻia i ke kauwela mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili no ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻū māhu ʻuala, kaʻaila.
ʻO ka pā Fairytale e pili ana i nā ʻano me ke ola kūlohelohe i nā mites me nā ʻōpala. Ma hope o ka manuahi, hoʻihoʻi hou ka lāʻau i ka lei.
Loaʻa ka ʻano like ma ka South Ural Research Institute o Chelyabinsk. ʻO ka mea kākau o nā ʻano E.A. Falkenberg. Ua loaʻa i ka pā Krasul i ka papa inoa mokuʻāina ma 2002. ʻO kahi lāʻau a hiki i 4 mika ke kiʻekiʻe he pālahalaha pālahalaha a me nā kaulahao medium. Hoʻonui paʻakikī nā kumulāʻau i nā lālā. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua i ke kūloko, i ka makahiki i hala a me ka ulu ʻōpio.
ʻO nā hua o Krasuli kahi liʻiliʻi 90-120 mau grika, ʻūʻeleʻele-puni. Ke ʻulu nā hua, ua lilo a hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka ʻano like no ke pāhana ʻoihana a me nā ʻohana ponoʻī.
Nā pono:
- mea momona kiʻekiʻe;
- ke kūpaʻa i kahi scab, bacterial burn, pear mite;
- paʻakikī paʻakikī ke kauwela.
ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama no nā ʻano mua no ka lōʻihi, pono lākou e kūʻai a kūʻai ʻia paha.
ʻO nā ʻano pī leʻa kauwela
ʻO nā hua ʻili i ʻohi ʻia i ka hapalua lua o ʻAukake no ka Apana o Moscow ua hāʻule i lalo ka wahaheʻe.
Ua loaʻa ke ʻano ʻo South Ural i ke kaiāulu o Chelyabinsk a me nā mea hānai ʻano ʻo Yekaterinburg. Aia ka lāʻau i kahi pālahalaha, ʻano nui, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Pono kekahi pollinator, no ka laʻana, ʻo Krasul a i ʻole Severyanka. ʻO ka lahui ka mea paʻa ʻole i ka hau. Hōʻike ʻia ka pale ʻino o ka popo Rainbow a -37.2, akā me ke ʻano liʻiliʻi, nā hua kanu a me nā lāʻau pākeke i lawe ʻia ma kahi o 48.3 i ka hoʻoilo o 1978-1979.
Kuhi ʻia nā huaʻai a hiki i ka 140 g i ka mea ʻono ua helu ʻia ma nāʻaoʻao 4,5. ʻO ka puluku he momona-ʻoi, momona. Hiki i nā huaʻai i loko o ka hua momona ke waiho ʻole me ka hoʻokahe ʻana no nā lā 10, a laila e hoʻomaloʻo. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia no hoʻokahi pule.
Nā pono:
- maikaʻi maikaʻi kūlohelohe o nā hua;
- paʻakiki maloʻo kiʻekiʻe;
- ke kū'ē i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki.
ʻAee iā mākou ka puka ʻana o kahi mea hou i ka genetics S.P. Yakovlev, ka mea i hele i ke ʻano kūlohelohe kūloko ʻo Tenderness me ka Australian Triumph of Pakgama. I loko o ke kiʻi - ka hau kō o August ma kona mau nani a pau.
He haʻahaʻa ka lāʻau, i paʻa, me ka lei aliʻi ma luna o ka mānoanoa, ke kumu mānoanoa. Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau e hua i nā hua no nā makahiki 4; ʻo ka ʻano like o ka hoʻomanaʻo o Yakovlev hiki i ka lawelawe ma kahi palapala pollinator.
Ke kaupaona nei nā hua momona 120-140 g ke koho a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōniʻoniʻo i ka ʻala ʻana a loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi. E ola ke ola a hiki i 3 mau pule. ʻO ka helu ʻono he 4.6 - 5 mau helu. Hoʻohālike ka hua. ʻAno ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻūhā ʻAukake i kū i ka scab, liʻiliʻi i ka ʻai ʻia e nā mea inu manu. Ke hoʻoluhi ʻia i nā hua, palupalu ka lāʻau.
ʻO ka ʻōpiopio ka mea kahiko, ke koho kānaka. ʻAʻole ʻōpala nā huaʻai i nā hua. Akā ākea ka like ʻole e ka scab. He kiʻekiʻe ka lāʻau, liʻiliʻi nā huaʻai, 70 - 80 g Ua hua ʻia nā hua i ʻAukake, mālama ʻia no hoʻokahi pule. ʻAi ka huelo o Bessemyanka i ke koena, e koe ana ma luna o kahi lālā, hoʻonui i ka nui, hiolo ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻoilo ma Moscow maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena o kahi lāʻau makua ma kahi o 270 kg.
ʻO nā pila i lawe i ka hua i ka hopena o ʻAukake, ka mua o Kepakemapa
Ua kāpili ʻia ka pī e nā ʻepekema o ke Kulanui ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kapa ʻia ʻo K.A. Timiryazev. ʻO ka hopena he ʻano laulā laulā, ma muli o ka ʻāina, ua kākau ʻia ʻo ia no ke kauwela o ke kauwela, ke kahiki mua, ka ʻōʻō. Ma nā kūlanakauhale, ua wehe nā huaʻai i ke awāwa o ke kauwela me ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou a mālama i loko o nā kūlana maloʻo a hiki i 3 mau mahina. Mālamalama ka ʻili o ke kala me kahi ʻano pōkole. He keʻokeʻo, ka ono.
Loaʻa ʻia nā momona o ka pā Rogned:
- ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā mikia Lūkini;
- pale i nā maʻi like ʻole;
- wikiwiki;
- huahana ma kahi o 50 kg no kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau.
Hoʻohui ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 10 m kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka mālama ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana hoʻoulu.
Hoʻopau nui nā hua nui a maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, akā ʻaʻole naʻe. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka manawa o ka wā pākeke, akā ʻaʻole ulū nā huaʻai, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i loko o nā papa. ʻAʻole kūpono kahi palahala momona no ka mālama ʻana. He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hua i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Pōhoʻolāki - ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, liʻiliʻi i nā mea maʻi. Loaʻa ia kahi pale kūlohelohe maikaʻi. Ke puka nei ka hua ma 5 mau makahiki.
ʻO kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka 3 m kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike i nā poʻe noho o ka Moku o Moscow ma Kepakemapa me nā hua maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā pears maʻa no kahi o mua o ka hebedoma. I ka wehewehe, hiki i kahi kola Chizhevsky me ke ulu ʻana o ʻekolu mau mika ke hāʻawi i kahi hua maikaʻi. Hoʻomoʻa pinepine ka hua ʻeli. Hoʻokomo ka hua huakaʻi ma ke kumukūʻai dwarf, pua i ka makahiki ʻekolu. ʻOiai he manaʻo kūʻokoʻa, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau ma luna o Lada pollinator.
ʻAiʻao ka piha o ka hua pā Elegant Efimova he ʻano ʻano mua. Ua lanakila ka mea like i ka makana gula i ka makahiki 80 o ke kenekulia i hala ma kahi hui honua ma Kelemānia. Kahi ka huakaʻi a puni ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia a ma nā mokuʻāina Baltic. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano o nā hua o 4,5. Hoʻohui ʻia ia i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, nā pōpilikia a me ka pale kū ʻana i ke aniani.
Kūkulu pōpoki pīpī lōʻihi
Mai kahaha inā ʻike ʻoe i nā pears mai kou māla i ko ʻoukou māla ma ka papa makahiki o ka makahiki hou o ka mea nona ka hale kauwela e kokoke ana ma Moscow. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i nā hua o ke ʻano hoʻoilo a hiki i Ianuali.
ʻO nā hua nui e kaupaona ana i ka mole 180 mau kahe i ka wai i ka wā e huki ʻia. ʻOno a ʻono ka ʻōpī, me kahi pōkole liʻiliʻi iki, akā pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka lāʻau mua. Loaʻa ka paila red-sided i ka lālā ma nā lālā. Ua mālama nā ʻano mea like i nā waiwai maikaʻi i ka wā koho, a loaʻa nā pono aʻe:
- i kiʻekiʻe ka ua hānai, ma -50 ka manuahi 3 mau kuhi;
- hua nui, me nā hua kūpono kiʻekiʻe;
- ka palena ʻole i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka lepo;
- oki ka lāʻau pākaha i ka mea pono ʻole, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻohi.
- ʻaʻole i uluhia e ka puʻu, i pale i nā pōʻino.
ʻO ka hua o ka huaʻai ma ka ʻulaʻula i hele mai ai ke hele ma ka 6-7 makahiki.
Aia wale ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa ka pēpē ka pia Hera, hāʻawi i nā hua nona ka mea ʻono maikaʻi loa a me ka nui o 200 gramu. ʻO ka ʻiʻo momona a me ka ʻono o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kākāala granular ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano. ʻAʻohe mea hoʻomau kūlike mau. Ke hoʻopiʻi nei kēia no 5 mau mahina ma kahi hale moʻo.
ʻO ka hua peʻa Hera o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole mānoʻo ka mānoanoa, i ke kūlana o ka mākeke olakopa. Hoʻomaka e hoʻohua i ka hua no 5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻaoʻao, a hiki i 1,8 mau māka ke kū i ke kala i -38. ʻO ka ʻano e pale i nā maʻi baki a me ka maʻi.
ʻO ka ʻano like ʻole i hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka mea hoʻomake i hana i kāna hana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua pā o Lyubimitsa Yakovleva no 5-6 mau makahiki. Nani nā hua, me kahi hiʻi a palahala i kahi ʻōpiopio-melemele maikaʻi. Kahi ʻia Quince mea i loko o ka hope, akā me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka astringency.
Kūleʻa ka lāʻau, pohō, ua hōʻino ʻia i nā makahiki mākeke e ka ʻōpala. Hoʻonui ka huahana me nā makahiki, ma 7 mau makahiki he 20-22 kg. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo.
Nui nā ʻano he nui e kūpono i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea māla e kokoke ana ma Moscow.
