No kahi lōʻihi a ma kahi mamao aku i waho o nā palena o ka Caucasus, kaulana loa ke kahua hoʻonani o ka pākālahele o ka ʻāina ʻo Tsinandal ma Georgia. He nui nā mea e ʻike ʻia ma kēia kihi ʻokoʻa, i hana ʻia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope e ka haku hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi o ke kiʻi mahina ʻai ʻoihana ʻo E. E. Regel. Akā ʻo nā mea kanu kai āpau e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ma mua o 25 mau ʻāina, ka hale kākela o ka māka a hiki i ka vivarium me nā kāʻei a me nā ʻae dee, puʻukū a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā manu e nalowale i ka palaʻa inā ʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i ke kikowaena ʻala o I.G. Khmaladze.
ʻAui (Kīwī)Ma kahi o kahi ʻeiwa o hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua hele mai nei kahi haumāna o ka Academy of Arts Irakli Khmaladze, a he nui kāna hopohopo e hoʻihoʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka paka, e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu me nā malihini ʻē aʻe. Akā i loko o kāna manawa hoʻomaha, ke ulu mau nei ka mea pīkī "i kāna" botanical menagerie ". Eia ua ʻōlala ʻoi nā ʻōlapa i nā lehelehe, me kahi waha ākea ākea, kahi tiger wary e hoʻolōʻihi iki, kahi ʻīlio puaʻa a me ka ʻōlio me kahi polopolo e kokoke mai ana, ma kahi ʻōlelo, kahi māla maoli zoological. Akā ʻo ka mea ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia mau holoholona mai nā mea kanu like ʻole e ka lima o kahi haku talena. Pono ke ahonui kūlohelohe e nānā pono i kēia mau hana nani a ka mahi ʻai o ke kīhāpai: pono i kekahi mau mea kanu e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu, e koi ʻia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, e koi ana nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻokiʻoki manuahi a me nā hoʻopili kūikawā me nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻonui ka nui o nā hana i loko o ka hale kākala o Khmaladze, a hoʻonui ʻia ka kaulana o kā lākou mea hana.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e makemake ka poʻe āpau i nā mea e hana ai ka haku i kēia mau kiʻi ola kino mai nā. ʻAʻole ka mea kākau i kēia mea huna, akā hōʻike mau i ka ʻike a me ke ʻike waiwai i loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana ʻana i kāna mau holoholona.
ʻAui (Kīwī)"Ke hoʻohana nei au i nā ʻano mea kanu i kaʻu hana: hornbeam and privet, viburnum and cypress. Akā naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻo boxwood a me yew iā lākou iho i lilo i mea maikaʻi loa i loko o kēia ʻano kālaiʻaka," wahi a I. Khmaladze. "Pono, ʻaʻole kēia ua ʻike wau, ʻele nui a me ka boxwood. Ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohālikelike i nā holoholona holoholona i loko o nā mea kupaianaha ʻehiku o ko ka honua - i loko o nā kīhāpai pā o Babulona I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i kā lākou hana e nā māla Soviet, nā mea hana hale, a me nā haku o India, ʻo Aikupito a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma luna aʻe o nā mea āpau, he mea kaulana loa ia no ke kau ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻala. hapalua mahina o Bombay . Rowe Malabar Hills skilfully wawahi ai i ka hale nunui ka wai? Aieeeua mai i ka wai ua lako i ka Peninsula, inā loaʻa he nui nui o ka uliuli sculptures: elepani, giraffes, nā kāmelo, ilio, lio ".
Hāʻawi kēia mau mea hoʻolako i nā mea kanu no nā kiʻi pale uliuli ma nā ululāʻau kūlohelohe, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, waiwai nui lākou ʻaʻole wale no ka papa lāʻau ʻalaʻume. I ka nahele, loaʻa ka yew ma ka Far East, ka Caucasus, i kekahi manawa ma Crimea, a me ka Carpathians a hiki i ka Baltic mau'āina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā yew a me nā boxwood i ulu me nā mea maʻamau: aneane nā wahi a pau o Ukraine, Kuban, a me ka ʻĀsia Kauka.
ʻAui (Kīwī)Ma Lviv, Rostov, Uzhgorod, Odessa, Volgograd, Kiev, hiki iā ʻoe ke noho mau, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻike i nā palena ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻano ʻano geometric i hana ʻia mai yew a me ka boxwood. E hana ana nā kāihana Kamyanets-Podilsky i nā mea kanu ola mua mai lākou mai lākou. Makemake kekahi e noho ma luna o ka pahu boxwood evergreen i loko o ka māla Botanical Kamenetz-Podolsky. Aia nā kikoʻī hou o ka headset ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ka sofa: nā papa keiki, nā papa, nā noho papa, nā pōkā nui a me nā liʻiliʻi a me nā cubes.
Ke ʻike nei ʻo Botanist i ʻewalu mau ʻano o ka yew, kahi wale nō i loaʻa i loko o ka hihiu ma ʻEulopa, ʻekolu ulu ʻo East Asia a ʻehā hoʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā, ʻaʻole like loa lākou a pau mai kekahi i kekahi. I ka Soviet Union, ʻelua mau mea ulu i ulu kūlike - yew berry, a i ʻole Pake, a me ka spiky yew, a i ʻole Far Eastern. Hiki ke loaʻa ka manaʻo kūpono o kēia mea kanu lāʻau e ka ʻike ʻana i Caucasus. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kipa ʻana i ka pika mālama a Khostinsky kokoke i Sochi, ma aneʻi, me ke ala, hiki no ʻoe ke ʻike i ka boxwood.
E hele wale i ke alaloa ʻo ka mea ākea ma luna o ka moku kuahiwi Khosta a kau i ka pana me ka palapala "Caucasian State Nature Reserve; yew-boxwood grove", me he mea lā anuanu no kēia mau wahi mahana. Kūʻai pinepine mākou i ka coniferous paʻa maʻamau i kēia hōʻoluʻolu i ke kauwela wela. ʻAʻole mākou e pīhoihoi iā lākou me kēia mea. I ke komo ʻana e kū ai kahi beech 350 mau makahiki ʻelemakule loa, kūpono i ke ʻano he makuakāne keiki nui o kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi yew, e kūleʻa ana e kū a hoʻokaʻawale hou i nā makahiki 2000. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he ʻelemakule loa: ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka nui o ka makahiki o ka yew i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he maʻamau ka 4000 mau makahiki. Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia ʻo yew ka ʻelele kahiko loa o ka lāʻau kanu o nā pua kaiʻai, he mau miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻAui (Kīwī)He lāʻau haʻahaʻa ʻo Yew, a i ka makahiki o 2000 kona kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o nā mau mika, akā he 5-6 wale nō paha ka poʻe e hiki ke hopu i ka ʻāpana o kēia lāʻau kahiko o Caucasus.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaila ʻehā he mau lāʻau pupule, ʻo ia wale nō nā conifers evergreen. ʻO kona mau ʻauamo he mau puʻupuʻu: ʻoiai ua like ia me nā ʻōpala he nui ke kālai ʻia a paʻa pono ʻia. ʻO ke kala ʻulaʻula o nā ʻala a me nā lala o ka yew, e ʻae wale i ka pololei i ka inoa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i waena o nā kānaka - mahogany. Hoʻohui ʻokoʻa me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia ka lāʻau yew ma ka mānoʻomaʻo a me ka ikaika lohi. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻoi ʻia ka lāʻau yew i kapa ʻia he lāʻau mongrel, ka mea hoʻi e hōʻoia i ka kūʻokoʻa ʻole ʻana o kāna lāʻau, i kēia manawa kūlohelohe. ʻO ka lāʻau ola yew, ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka lāʻau ʻoki ʻoki ʻia, ua pōʻino ʻia e ka huaʻai parasitiko mikroskopika; ʻoiai, me kāna ʻano, he ʻōpala a me nā lau, make nui.
Nā pua o Yew i ke kolamu mua, ua uhi ʻia kona mau lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā pua nani. I ka nahele wana, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā kumulāne kāne me nā manamana gula a me nā kumulāʻau wahine me nā pua liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o nā cones. Hoʻoulu wale nā hua ʻili manu i loko o ka waena waena o ka hopena. ʻAʻole hiki iā Yew ke hoʻolue i kāna mau hua. Akā ʻo ia i mea ikaika, akā ʻaʻole ia i nā mea kōkua ʻole ʻia. Loaʻa maʻalahi nā Blackbirds a me nā martens i nā hua ʻili. Me ka pulima, hoʻopau lākou i ka hua yew, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā lāʻau a keu.
ʻAui (Kīwī)Hoʻopilikia kahi manaʻo hoʻopoina ʻole i kahi kipa ʻana i nā mānoanoa-yin boxwood. ʻO ka mea mua loa, pīhoihoi maikaʻi lākou i ka leo kūlohelohe: ʻaʻole i mele ʻia nā manu a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka pono o kahi holoholona. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka lā ma ka hema hema e wāwahi i ka mākeke kapu o nā lei aliʻi. ʻAʻole ka poʻe o ka poʻe iki e hoʻopilikia i ke ola o nā mea kanu, no laila loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO nā hames shaggy manes e kuʻi ana mai kā lākou pahu pahu ʻōpala i kā lākou mau hoa - nā ʻapo a me nā lichens. He ʻokoʻa lākou i ka helehelena a ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻano: he mau palolo lākou o lākou he botanist. I kekahi manawa o ka makahiki, ua like ka hoʻonaninani hanohano o ka puʻupuʻu yew-boxwood i lalo o ka honua o ke algae dense.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui i ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, b-9-mika kiʻekiʻe, nā lāʻau pahu lāʻau me nā lālā lāʻau, piha ka nui me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi o nā lula. ʻO kā lākou mau lāʻau he 15-20 cm kenimika ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke ala o nā lāʻau ākea loa e hōʻea i nā mita 1.5 mau mika. Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka pahu pahu lāʻau i hoʻokahi milimita ma ka makahiki. ʻO ka mea nona ka wahi ʻona ikaika loa i ka mālama ʻana ma kahi o 500 paha mau makahiki.
ʻO ka ʻano mea like me ka cement boxwood, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o nā lāʻau a mākou. Kāhea ka poʻe kaiaulu i ka palu a i ʻole ka ʻāpana Caucasian. ʻO ka kikoʻī kūikawā o ka lāʻau he 1.06, a e pulu ʻo ia i ka pōhaku me ka wai. ʻO nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu boxwood e ʻae iā mākou e hana i nā hāmeʻa, nā momi, nā mea ulana i nā ʻili, a me nā kiʻi nani mai ia mai.
ʻAui (Kīwī)© Liné1
Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Helene kahiko a me Roma i ka pahu lāʻau he lāʻau koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Homer iā ia i ka mele 24 o ka Iliad, ka mea e wehewehe ana i ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻauamo mai ka pahu boxwood ma luna o nā kau a Priam, a ʻo ka mea hōkū Roma iā Ovid i kekahi o kāna mau hana e haʻi aku ai pehea ka hana ʻana o Minerva i ka kani mua mai ka pahu lāʻau.
ʻO kahi ʻike ʻokoʻa ka pua o ka boxwood. Me ka hanu mua o ka pūnāwai, i hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki, ua puka mai nā pua gula liʻiliʻi mai nā sinuses o kēlā me kēia lau, e uhi piha ana i ka lei. ʻO nā pua boxwood, ʻaʻole like i nā pua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, mai emit nectar i ka manawa āpau, aʻoiai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua piha a nā hua ʻala piha i nā wai momona ʻona. ʻO nā huaʻai, e ʻomala, me kahi ikaika e hoʻōloe a me ka hoʻopuehu i nā ʻōkuhi āpau, ʻaʻole loa loa i kahi mamao, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma waho o ka lei.
E hoʻopili nui ʻia nā pala lāʻau ʻo Boxwood ma kahakai ʻo ke Kai Kūleʻa o ka Caucasus a me ka Far East. Akā ʻaʻohe ʻāina o ka honua e hiki ke haʻaheo i kēlā ʻano ulu like ʻole e like me ka hale moʻokalaleo yew-boxwood kokoke i Hosta, ʻoiai ia e noho ana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi - ma kahi o 300 hekahi. He mea pono ia i loko o kēia hoʻoola i ka yew a me ka boxwood, ʻaʻole pili pili ʻia, ulu pū me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻole a ʻōwili pū kekahi.
ʻAui (Kīwī)Nā pilina i nā huahana:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Buke e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau
