I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, he kuhihewa ke kau kauwela i ka hapa nui o nā wahi. I mea e palekana ai i kou kumukūʻai, pono e hoʻomaka nā hana palekana mai ka hina o ka makahiki i hala aku nei, a iho lākou i lalo, ʻo ka mea mua, i nā hana agrotechnical. Hāpai ka māla a me ka berry i kanu ʻia e nā ʻano zof, hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke i ka mauʻu a me nā ʻūhā, ʻoi koke ka wai a me ka hānai, e pale aku i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā maʻi me ka hoʻololi anuʻu i nā kūlana o nā wā (ka ua lōʻihi, ka anu anu nui, nā kīpē epiphytotic, etc.).
Hoʻolahalaha ke kauwela kauwela no nā maʻi. © maoli Health365Ua pili ʻo Iune me ka ulu ʻana o nā ovaries, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hua a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻala ʻana o nā hua mua a me nā hua ʻai. No laila, hoʻonui i ka ua a me ka ua i kēia manawa e hoʻonui i ka hōʻeha i nā maʻi like ʻole. I Iune-Iulai, loaʻa ʻole nā maʻi ākino ʻole e pili ʻole me nā maʻi e neʻe nei i ka hoʻolālā.
ʻAʻole maʻi i kamaʻilio ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻole e neʻe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a me nā moʻomeheu. Ke haʻalele nei i ke kumu o ka maʻi, ola hou nā mea ola me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kumu nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio he nele o nā pono o nā pono, nā meaʻimi o ke ala, ka hoʻoponopono ʻia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi maʻi maʻi (infectious) e ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa me ka loli ʻana o nā mea nona nā mea, e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana, e hōʻeha ana i kekahi mau huaʻai, luku ʻia nā mea kanu iā lākou iho a me ka hua ʻai i hoʻokumu ʻia e lākou ma kahi manawa pōkole.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi i ka lau ʻōpala. © Michelle GrabowskiʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi jamur
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā maʻi o nā maʻi i nā hui o nā puʻe maikaʻi ʻole i komo i loko o nā kino o nā mea kanu a hoʻololi i kā lākou hana kūlohelohe i nā kaʻina physiological, e hōʻeha ai i ko lākou make. Hoʻopuka nā kuʻi manu, e ulu pū me ka mycelium ma o nā ʻāpana kū o nā mea kanu. ʻO waho, ke hōʻike nei ka maʻi iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o ka ʻeleʻele o nā lau, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻi o nā ʻōpū ma luna o ka lau o nā lau a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā waiho like like ʻole, e hui pū me ia. E ʻeli nā lau, huli i ke aniani, hāʻule i lalo. ʻO ka maʻi hou loa ke hiki i Iune-Iulai. E pili ana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu, me nā huaʻai. I ke kauwela, hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo ia me nā conidiospores i ka wā lōʻihi a me ka ua.
Anthracnose ma ka hua waina. © omafra 
ʻO Powdery Mildew, a i ʻole Gooseberry Powdery Mildew (Sferotek). © ʻO Dorling Kindersley 
ʻO Cercosporosis, he ʻulaʻulaʻula paha i ka lau lau Mizuna. © Scot NelsonʻO nā maʻi ʻoi o ka ʻula e pili ana i ka pololei a me ka hewa pauku ʻōpala, hale waihona puke (ka lolo ʻōpala) Septoria (keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo) huluhiwa, cercosporosis (brown spotting) a me nā maʻi āpau a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu me nā anthracnose, cercosporosis, septeriosis, powdery ʻehā a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā currants ʻulaʻula, gooseberries, raspberry, blackberry. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o nā maʻi fungal i ka hoʻomohala mua ʻana o ka poino lau o ke ʻano o ke kaila-melemele, a ma hope - brown a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau aku ka maʻi i nā petioles a me nā ʻōpala. Noho wale ka waiho ʻana ma nā palena o nā lālā. I uhi ʻia nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻeha brown.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻai (nā lāʻau ʻalika, nā ʻaʻī, nā pears, nā cherries a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) lāʻau paha, phylosticosis, kauana huehue, moniliosis (hua rot) lau ʻalani, pauku ʻōpala, ʻōpala, ʻO ke kanesa maʻamau a me na mai lelo he mau mai.
Hoʻomaka nā hōʻike hōʻike waho mai ka maʻi me nā pua pua, lau, hele i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, nā hua. Ke hoʻololi nei nā ʻōpū i nā kala o nā lau, lilo i uhi ʻia me ka fluff ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo a laila ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā ʻula lau, ʻike ʻia nā lau, i ka puka o nā wahi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kala a me nā palena, ma hope ka hoʻoili ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi wahi. Hoʻopau i nā lau. Mummified nā hua ia a pala.
ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi a pau i ka hua Berry a me nā hua ʻai e hōʻike ai i kahi maʻi peʻa a maʻi bacteria paha e pono ai nā lāʻau kanu.
ʻO nā lau a ʻo Coccomycosis. © michaelld2003 
ʻO phyllosticosis, a i ʻole ka lau ʻana i ka lau. © uky 
ʻO kaʻu maʻi ʻanakika ʻo Mycoplasma i kahi maʻi honi. © Jocelyn H. ChilversMahuika o ka hopena maʻi
Nāiila
Nā mākana palaka e pili ana i ka hana pili, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka 25-30 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e hana pono me nā maʻi ʻoi. E hoʻaloalo i nā hoʻomākaukau i loko o ka hoʻāla wai e like me nā ʻōlelo a mehi i nā ʻāpana i hōʻike ʻia i ka pahu a i ʻole ma ka palapala palapala: Abiga-Peak, Profilactin, likē o Bordeaux, Topaz, Oksikhom, ʻOihana.
ʻO ka mea i hala koke nei, ua puka mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka mākeke o nā mākaʻomaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi, ka mea, i hui pū ʻia me ka pale, anti-spore-effects - Ordan, Profit-Gold, Acrobat MC, Skor, Previkur a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Pono nā lāʻau i ke akahele e hoʻohana ʻia, no ka mea he hopena maikaʻi lākou i ke olakino o nā kānaka, nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā mea hihiu. Ke kau nei iā lākou, pono e mālama i ka wā lōʻihi e noʻonoʻo ai, no laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā hua mua (raspberry, currants, gooseberries, irgi, cherries mua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka pua ʻana.
Nā huahana biological
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau mai nā maʻi o nā ʻano etiology ma ka hale a i ʻole i ka wahi i pili ʻia. Hana ʻia lākou ma ke kumu ola, ʻaʻole contraindicated no ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka manawa e kali ai i nā lā 3-5, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻomākaukau e like me ka wā o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana me kona wā ulu.
ʻO ka mea maoli, nā huahana palekana o nā mea kanu lāʻau e kū'ē i nā maʻi he manawa pōkole loa ka ʻike i ka maʻi a me ke koi ʻana i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana, akā hiki i ka hiki ke mālama i ke olakino a kiʻi i nā huahana o nā kūlohelohe no nā manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lehulehu. Pono e hoʻolauna i ka hapa nui o nā huahana ola (biofungicides a me bioinsecticides) i kāwili ʻia i nā ʻano wai tank, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Kipi ma nā lau a me ka hua o kahi pā. © IulaiʻO nā huahana biocungal, nā mea maʻi a me nā biofungicides bacterial i hōʻike maikaʻi iā lākou iho. I nā wahi me nā hōʻuluʻulu hoʻoluʻu a maloʻo, ʻoi ka biofungicide "Fitodoctor" e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i nā huaʻai mai ke kanesa o ke kanesa, ʻili ʻana, coccomycosis, aʻa rot. ʻO ka bacterof biofungicides Bactofit, Phytocide, Planrin, Pseudobacterin a me ka honua biopreparation universal o Haupsin, e pale pono ana i nā orchards, nā hua waina, nā māla waina, nā pālona, nā melons a me nā orchards mai nā maʻi baki a me nā fungal, e koi ʻia i loko o ka pahu kōkua mua. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Haupsin e luku wale i ka maʻi, he waiwai hoʻomohala hoʻi.
Nā maʻi maʻi
Hoʻonui ka maʻi maʻi i kā lākou hopena i ka hopena ma ka Berry a me nā hua horticultural. lauoho lauoho a lau mosaic lau, pohō, nā maʻi mycoplasmal (ka poʻe ʻaihue) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole i ka luku ʻana i nā mea ʻenemi. ʻO ka pale mai nā maʻi viral e iho i lalo o ka luku kino ʻana o nā mea maʻi maʻi.
Wai lau. © Robyn MelloI waena o nā huahana kūlohelohe, hele aku ke huahana koi o Pentafag-S i ke kūʻai aku ʻana. Loaʻa ia i nā vires o nā virus bakteria a hoʻopau wale ʻaʻole i nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi maʻi pū kekahi, akā nā mea pū kekahi. ʻO kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe, he palekana no ke kanaka, nā pi, a me nā holoholona mahana. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo luna e hōʻike iā lākou iho i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi o nā hua me nā hua hortikultural.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻike hou ʻo ka pale ʻana i nā hua a me nā hua ʻai mai nā hōʻeha maʻi ma ka mākeke o nā huahana biiao. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio pū me lākou i loko o nā papa helu makahiki o nā mākaukau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi.
