Dill (Anetum) aia ka huaʻōlelo monotypic o nā mea kanu lāʻau o ka ʻohana Umbrella (Umbelliferae) loaʻa ka ʻike hoʻokahi - Ka lehua ʻona, a i ole Kūleʻa lau (Anethum graveolens) I ka ulu lāʻau, loaʻa ka dill i loko hema a me Asia hema. Ma ke ʻano he māla mahiʻai, pālahalaha ka piula ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Latina inoa o ka mea kanuAnethum graveolens mai Palani mai i ka inoa Helene no ka dill - anetona a mai latin graveolens - ʻuma ikaika. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka dill kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo South Europe, Egypt, Asia Minor, kahi i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kahiko.
Puʻalaʻo Fennel, a i ʻole ka lau kumulāʻau (Anethum graveolens). © ecos de pedraʻO nā inoa o ka piula ma ka honua
ʻO ʻAmelika i nā makahiki he ʻumikūmāwa ʻumikūmāwa ʻumikūmālua ma mua o nā lawelawe pule lōʻihi ua ʻae kā lākou keiki i ka huaʻala i ka hua kanu i ʻole e moe lākou - ka liʻiliʻi loa, e wehewehe kekahi mau linguist i kekahi o nā inoa ʻAmelika no ka metinseeds hua kanu - "hua no nā hōʻuluʻulu".
Eia naʻe, hōʻole ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e kekahi ʻ Englishlelo Pelekane (a me Kelemania, Norewai, a me Swedia) inoa o ka dill dill, kahi i pili pinepine ʻia me ka huaʻōlelo Old Islandic dilla - "mālie, pacification".
Eia nō kekahi hana lōʻihi nā līlū e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻeha pili i nā pēpē, no laila ua hāʻawi ka poʻe Puritans i nā "hua no nā hōʻuluʻulu" i kā lākou poʻe keiki no nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi ʻano maʻalahi loa o ke kumu o ka hua'ōlelo dill - mai ke Kelemānia Dolde - kahi ʻōpala (inflorescence).
Akā ʻoi loa paha ka hua ʻōlelo Rusia ma muli o ka mea i loko o Rūsia maʻa mau a ʻāpono ʻia a "ʻuʻoki ʻia" me lākou ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana. Ua pili ʻo Max Fasmer, ka mea kākau o ka ʻ Dictionarylelo Etymological o ka ʻōlelo Lūkini, a ua hui pū ʻo Dahl ma kāna papa mele i ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo Lūkini ma ke ʻano he "ʻekahi halepule e hoʻopaʻa ai lākou i ka wai hemolele" (a laila "pīpī" ia iā ia me nā poʻe hilinaʻi. )
Eia kekahi, kapa ʻia ka wai a me ka wai wela i kapa ʻia ʻo "dill" ma ke kūkulu hema o Rusia, no laila "ninini ʻia i ka kumo i kahi piglet" ʻo ia ka hana ʻana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe; Ma ke ala, i ka Pskov wahi "dill" i kapa ʻia kekahi ʻano heapot.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā kānaka i ka dill like ʻokoʻa - coper, copier, creep, crop, spawning, fennel, cumin, dac.
He ʻono a Dill. © lily lucioleʻO ka mōʻaukala dill
ʻOi loa, no kekahi kumu ʻike ʻole, kokoke loa i nā poʻe lapaʻau kahiko kaulana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Avicenna nui, i noʻonoʻo ʻia a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka dill e hoʻopōʻino ana i ka lolo, a ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nā hana nui o ia mea e hoʻokaumaha i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike, paha no ka mea mau makahiki medieval. ʻaʻole wale i hoʻohana i ka mea kanu i ka hopena no ka maka hewa, akā ua hoʻohui pū ʻia nō hoʻi me nā manaʻo āpau aloha.
ʻOiʻoi loa ka mea kanu, nā lau, nā lau, nā kumu a me nā inflorescences o dill i ʻEulopa i hoʻomaka me ka hoʻohui i ka sauces, marinades, pickles a me nā pickles ma hope o ke kenekulia 16. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma ke ʻano o ka hopena o ka dill. ʻO kona mauʻu nui me ke kahe o ke koko, kahi e hoʻoili ai i kahi kūlana hypotonic, ka mea e hōʻike ana iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o ka palupalu, nānā ʻole ʻia ka nānā ʻana, a me ka nalowale ʻana o ka ikaika. I mea e hoʻopau ai i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole, ʻōlelo aku nā kauka kahiko i ka lawe ʻana i ka dill me ka meli, nā ʻulaʻi a i ʻole kanamela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻāʻā ʻo nā Pākīsia i hui pū ai i ka dill ma kahi like me ka wai ʻawaʻawa ikaika ua aʻo pehea e hoʻohana ai i kāna waiwai pono i nā "withdrawal hōʻailona," ʻo ia hoʻi, me kahi mea hangalike a kauaʻole.
Ua ʻike nō paha ʻoe i ka pickle kukū, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka dill, ua kōkua “ma hope o inehinei”? Eia ke kumu no ka nui o ka kaulana o English English pickles - nā ʻōpala ʻili i ka honua a puni e lawelawe ana me ka iʻa a paʻakai, nā ʻeke maloʻo, a me nā mea hanake. ʻO kekahi o nā inoa Kelemania no ka dill Gurkenkraut (maʻa maoli: "hua'ū kūloko") hōʻike maopopo i kona komo ʻana i nā pickle - ua aloha nui ʻia nā pickles a me nā pickles. I ka pau ʻole, ʻaʻole mākou i haʻahaʻa i nā “Busurmans” i ka hiki ke kāohi i nā kukama.
Hōʻike Botanical
ʻO ka Dill kahi mea kanu lāʻau mua o ka Umbrella, a i ʻole ka ʻohana Celery, 40-120 cm kiʻekiʻe.ʻahi wale ke kūpaʻa, he ʻōpū, me nā ʻano hou, ʻekolu; ʻO ka loiloi o ka lau ka filamentary linear, ma lalo o nā petioles, ma ke kumu e hoʻonui ʻia i nā vaginas ākea ka lōʻihi, a hiki i 2 cm lōʻihi; luna sessile luna ma luna o ka vagina, liʻiliʻi, ʻili like, dissected dissected. Aia ka inflorescence ma luna o nā lihi o nā kumu i loko o ka ʻano o kahi umbrella paʻakikī a hiki i 15 cm ma kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka hua he ouvoid a i ʻole elliptic hina-browned ʻelua mau hua lua, e ulu ana ma Iune-Iulai.
Kūleʻa lau. © ecos de pedraNā hiʻohiʻona o ka ulu ulu
No nā greens, lulu nā hua i nā papa liʻiliʻi i nā lā 10-15. I ka makahiki 25-30 o ka lā, i ka wā e hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-15 cm, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka meaʻai. No nā meaʻono, ulu ka dill no nā lā 55-60 (ma mua o ka pua a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua: i kēia manawa he mea ʻala loa lākou.
Ma mua o ka lūlū mua o ka hua ʻīlī mea hiki, no ka mea ke hoʻomaka mua nei ka hua kanu ma ke ana o 3e pili anaC, a me ka ulu o nā mea kanu ma 5-8e pili anaC. Akā, maikaʻi loa ka mahana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea kanu 16-17e pili anaC.
ʻOiai ke kāohi ʻole ʻana i nā kūlana e ulu ai, pono ka wai wai e kanu ai a me nā mea laʻa no ka palu lau (6 kg no 1m2), e like me ka nitrogen (20 g), ka momona (30 g) a me ka potash (20 g no 1 m2).
Pēlā ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka lepo - ma kahi o ka lobish. No ka kanuʻana i nā mea'ōmaʻomaʻo, pono nā pāla ma hope o 15 cm, a no nā mea ʻala - ma hope o 45 cm. Ua kanu ʻia nā hua i ka hohonu o 1.5-2 cm.ʻalo ʻia nā mea pana i ka lā 14. Inā maloʻo nā hua kanu ma mua o ka lūlū i nā lā 2-3, a laila e wikiwiki wikiwiki nei; pono e hoʻololi i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. No nā mea hoʻonaninani, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka kanu ʻana o ka kumulāʻau i nā hua ʻai i nā mea kanu. I kēia hihia, i ka wā e oho ai, pono e waiho i ka nui o nā mea kanu.
Nā ʻano hua ʻai
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻano kaulana o dill i ʻike ma Rusia. Eia kekahi o ia mea i hōʻike maikaʻi iā lākou iho:
- ʻO Dill "Gribovsky" - nā mea maʻamau maʻamau, precocious, unpretentious a me nā maʻi e kū nei i ka maʻi. ʻO ka wā mai ka wā e puka mai ai i ka greens hōʻiliʻili he 32-35 lā. He momona ikaika ia.
- Dill "Kaʻiila" - ʻO kahi ʻano momona mua i manaʻo ʻia no nā greens a me nā umbrellas. ʻO ka wā mai ka wā e ulu mai ai i ka greens hōʻiliʻili he 35-40 mau lā. Hoʻomau koke nā ʻano o nā ʻano mea like ʻole i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā inflorescences.
- Dill "Richelieu" - ʻO ke ʻano he ma waena waena. ʻO ka wā mai ka wā e puka mai ai i ka greens hōʻiliʻili he 40-42 lā. Kohu ʻia no nā lau nahele-ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻala ikaika.
- Dill "Kibray" - Ua hoʻomaka ka laha like ʻole, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia e lulu koke i ka ulu a ulu i ka ʻāina palekana. Nani nā lau, ākea, akā hopohopo i nā loli wikiwiki i ke kauwela.
Nā lau huaʻai. © ʻO Andreas BalzerNā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai lāʻau lapaʻau waiwai. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka meaʻaiʻaiʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ka mauʻu. Hoʻopala nā huaʻai, maloʻo, ʻāpana i ʻelua ʻāpana, ovoid, elliptical, me kahi kiʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hua 3-5, ka mānoanoa 2-3 mm. Ma waho o nā hua he ʻelima mau pōkole: nā elAs loa i ulana ʻia i nā ʻēheu laulā, uliuli-hina i ka huʻu, me nā ʻala ʻala, ʻono maikaʻi.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Dill ke hele a hiki i ka 60-70% o nā hua i ka umbrellas i hōʻea i kahi kala kala. Hāpai ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma kahi kūʻokoʻa. Kahu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻia i loko o nā māla, waiho ʻia ma kahi lumi maloʻo no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, ua huki ʻia a he ʻili ʻia me kahi hui ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua.
I mea e loaʻa ai ka aila pono, a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka wai ma loko o ka hana o ka waiū-wili o ka huaʻai i loko o ka umona o ka inflorescence. Hoʻomoʻu ʻia nā mea kanu i ke kiʻekiʻe o 18-20 cm mai ka pā lepo a ua ʻōle hou ʻia e ka lāʻau hydrodistillation.
Kohi ʻia ka Dill ma ka greens i Iune-Iulai (i ke ahiahi, i ka wā ʻaʻohe hau). Uwēle nā mea kanu, lūlū i ka lepo, kāwili i nā māla. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā lāmaʻomaʻo i nā keʻena kūikawā e hōʻoluʻolu ʻia. E mālama i ka mauʻu i kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua ʻohi ʻia ka mau nahele i ka wai o Iulai a hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā meaola hana olakino
Wahi a ka helu ʻano lāʻau pharmacognostic, nā hua hua ʻai no nā mea ʻona e loaʻa ana ka furanochromony - visnagin a me nā kellin.
Pēlā nō hoʻi e hua nui nā hua o ka dill i nā aila momona a momona. ʻO nā mea nui o ka aila pono o ka ʻenekini (40-60%) a me ka anethole (a hiki i 50%). Loaʻa nā hua o Fennel i nā māhele ʻē aʻe: terpenoids dillapiol (19-40%), dihydrocarvone, carveol, dihydrocarveol, isoeugenol.
Ka momona momona i loaʻa i ka 93% glycerides o nā momona momona, me ka linoleic, palmitic, oleic, petroselin. ʻO nā kāne, nā waikena phenolcarboxylic (chlorogenic, caffeic), flavonoids, wax, resins, protein (14-15%), nā mea momona nitrous, a me nā fiber i loaʻa i nā hua.
Kuhi i ka lāʻau o Dill i ka 0.56-1.5% o ka aila hinu pono me kahi haʻahaʻa o ka ukana (a hiki i 16%) hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻaila hua. Aia ka huaora C, B1, B2, PP, P, provitamin A, calcium, potassium, fosfor, hao paʻakai, folic acid, flavonoids (quercetin, isoramnetin, campferol).
ʻO nā huahana Pharmacological o dill a hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Loaʻa ka Dusion infusion i ka hopena antispasmodic ma loko o nā wahie, hoʻemi i kona peristalsis, hoʻonui i ka diuresis.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hua Dile ma ke ʻano he infusion no ka flatulence a me ka mea no ka mea hānai. Ua kulu ʻia kahi kīʻaha o nā hua me kahi aniani o ka wai wai, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā minuke 10-15, kānana, lawe ʻia ma ke aniani i loko o kahi papa 3-6 mau manawa i kahi lā 15 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai.
Contraindicated ma nā hōʻike hōʻike hopohopo o ka hala ʻole ʻana.
Hoʻomaʻo pinepine nā hua lelo ma ke ʻano he diuretic māmā.
Ke mālama nei me ka dill, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaha i hope o nā lā 5-6 no nā lā 2-3.
Nā kuʻi o ka pi. © Martin PavlistaKa hoʻohana ʻana o ka dill ma ka māla
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Dill i kahi wā panui. Hoʻohui ʻia kona mau lau i nā lapalapa, nā meaʻala, ka meaʻala, ka uala, ka ʻai, ka iʻa, ka lau a me ka pāhe. No ka kalima, e lawe i ka dill me nā kihi, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi pua umbrellas. ʻO kahi pua o ka dill i ka wā pua e hoʻoulu ai i ka vīkeka. E maloʻo nā greens e hui pū me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai nā kaʻi palu.
ʻO ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana o ka ʻili ʻōlapa ua pau i kona mea ʻala, a waiho i loko o kahi ʻano i hana ʻia, kākala ʻai ʻia, ka iʻa, ka ʻalena ʻai. Hele maikaʻi me nā waiū waiū a me nā mahi ʻai. Hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻono ahurei i nā ʻuala ʻōpala, nā pīni kuke, kahi ono ono no ka ʻoa, nā kīwī, nā kime, omelet; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea ʻono o ka palaoa i kālai ʻia, ka ʻala lapala ʻala.
Nā hua kanu o ka ʻoni aromatize, kōmole, nā wai moana. (He mea maikaʻi ke hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka iʻa me lākou.)
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Dill e hoʻomākaukau i ka aila hinu, hoʻohana ʻia ma ka kuke home a me ka confectionery.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka aila ʻaila i loko o ka ʻoihana sabone.
Nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā maʻi maʻi
Maanei mākou e nānā ai i nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā pōpoki o ka dill.
Fusarium pala o nā lau piha - Ke pālahalaha nei ka maʻi ma ka ʻāina ākea ma nā lepo kaumaha me ka stagnation o ka wai. Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū i ka ʻōnaehana kumu, komo i ka laʻa ma o nā moku o nā mea kanu. I ka mua, ua ikaika nui ka mea kanu i ka ulu, a laila ʻulaʻula, huli i ke kala a pala. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi ma ka ʻāina ma nā lepo kanu a ma nā huaʻala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kahi mea kanu maʻi. Akā ʻoi pinepine mau, make nā mea kanu i mua o ka make ʻana o nā hua.
Nā hana ʻohi:
- Hoʻopili i nā lepo lepo.
- Nā lāʻau kanu hoʻopilikia.
- Kālehu o nā ʻāina kaumaha, i.e. ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea pilikino (compost, peat, rotted manure).
Lohi ʻohi o ka dill - ke nānā ʻia nei ke ʻano o ka maʻi i ka melemele, nā lau ʻuwē. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka maʻi e hoʻoili ʻia i nā lau mai kahi aʻa i maʻi. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau i ka lepo a i ʻole nā huaʻala i hoʻopili ʻia. Pōnohi nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā aʻa o ka kumi, palalupalu nā ʻili, pala, nā mea ʻono ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ʻole.
Nā hana ʻohi:
- Ka like me ka Fusarium rot.
Fomoz dill - Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia ma luna o nā kumu, nā lau, nā umbrellas, nā hua me nā wahi elongatedʻeleʻele me nā pycnids ʻeleʻele nui. ʻO ka maʻi pakiaka kekahi ʻano, a hahai ʻia e ka pālahalaha ʻana i ke kumu. Me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka haʻalulu, ulu ke sporulation i ke kauwela, a me nā spora e hoʻohālike i kahi lāʻau kokoke. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi ma ka ʻāina ma nā lepo lepo a ma nā hua i hoʻohemo ʻia.
Nā hana ʻohi:
- Nā lāʻau kanu hoʻopilikia.
- ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i nā lepo āpau.
- Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hua kanu mai nā mea kanu olakino.
Dill. © VentilagoHōʻalāʻau kalai - kahi pōpoki liʻiliʻi me hoʻokahi mau ʻēheu. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi āpau, e loaʻa ai ke ʻano o nā galls pōkole i ke ʻano o ka mānoanoa o ke kumu o ka inflorescence piha o ke kumulima a i ʻole kekahi o kona mau hihiu. I loko o ka ʻōpū, ola kahi kānaka larva ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea ʻai; ma laila, i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia kāna haumāna.
Nā hana ʻohi:
- ʻOki a hoʻopau i nā inflorescences o ka dill me nā galls.
Palapala huʻu - nā ʻeleʻele o nā kala like ʻole: ʻeleʻele a i ʻulaʻula paha nā ʻēheu mua me nā ʻōpū poʻohiwi a me nā ʻoloka keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha, - he hina hina nā ʻēheu. Wingspan - 21-30 mm. ʻAnoʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā lālepa. Kiwi manu nā naʻau, i ka piha o Iune i kau ai lākou i nā hua ma nā mea kanu manu; hoʻomālamalama nā ʻōleʻaleʻa i nā lau i loko o nā lau, nāʻu ka waena waena o nā kuʻuna. I ka wā kahiko, huli lākou i ka inflorescences, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā cobwebs; ʻai ʻōpala i nā pua a me nā ovaries ovaries. I ka Iulai, ua uō ka ʻōpala i nā lua o nā kumu a me nā haumana i laila. E kūkulu ka hanauna i kēlā me kēia kau.
Nā hana ʻohi:
- Hoʻomoʻa a luku i nā inflorescences kumamalima me nā kukuna.
Nā pilina pili:
- ʻO ka māla kanu a me ka mea hānai iā Siberia: Krasnoyarsk: RIMP "Vita", 1994 - 496 p. - me 441.
- Turov. A. D., Sapozhnikova. E. N / Nā lāʻau lapaʻau o ka USSR a me kā lākou hoʻohana. - Ekolu ed., Paia. a hoʻohui. - M .: Kauka, 1982, 304 p. - me 171-172.
- Treyvas. L. Yu. / Kui i ka māla. ʻO nā maʻi, nā pōpoki, nā hewa i ka ʻenehana ʻana i ka mahiʻai. - M.: "Kladez Buke", 2007 - 123 p. - me 143-144.
