ʻO nā kumulāʻau ʻāpana polan - nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi

Māhele 1. Nā kumulāʻau ʻ shapedlelo laupaʻa - nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi
Māhele 2. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ulu lāʻau lāʻau apple

Hoʻōla nā lāʻau Apple - he aha kahi hana mana, akā ʻaʻole nā kahu hānai e mālama pono iā lākou ma ka poʻohiwi. ʻAʻole paʻa nā lāʻau lāʻau i ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau nui a i kahi lei aliʻi i loaʻa i ka hiki ʻole ke mālama pono. No laila, he ʻano hou o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala me kahi ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me ka ulu ʻana i nā mea ulu maoli kahi ʻike maoli no nā hale liʻiliʻi o ke kauwela liʻiliʻi a me nā pūnaewele pilikino. ʻO nā kumulāʻau lāʻau ʻalike hoʻonaninani pono ia i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai e hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi pae a i ʻole kahi hoʻolālā ʻāina, me ka pā "phytowalls" ma ka papa o ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole.

Nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala nunui i kanu ʻia ma ka pā. © oegardens

Nānā, ka puka ʻana mai o kahi ʻano kanu hou

ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā hua pome ʻano koloni (mau lāʻau ʻ treesleka, a ma nā ʻaraka hope aʻe) no nā manawa ʻelima. ʻO ka hoʻomaka me ka nānā a me ka nānāʻana i ka olakino. Ma kekahi o nā kumula lāʻau kahiko, ʻike ka mea nona ka lālā i waho e like me nā koena o nā lālā o ka lei. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lālā ma o ka ulu koena me ka nānā ʻole ma hope, ua uhi ʻia ia i nā apo a me nā ihe. He maʻamau maʻamau maʻamau i loaʻa ma vivo ma kahi kōmaʻa Macintosh. Lō ʻia ka lālā a loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano like mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo Vazhak. Ua lanakila ka hapanui holomua a puni ka honua o nā kolamu i nā kumulāʻau ʻĀina a i ka 1972 ua loaʻa mua i ke ʻano o nā kolamu i nā kūmole mai Vazhak a me Korichnaya Striped. I kēia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole he haneri, a ʻo ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā māla no nā haneli he haneli o nā pā hale pilikino a me nā papa hana kihi.

Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o Apple Orchards i kapa ʻia

ʻO ka hiki ke ulu aʻe i kahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano hua like
Ke hana nei i ka mālama palaka piha.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka nohona o ka lei a me ka ʻōnaehana kumu.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi.
Koi ikaika a wikiwiki a (1-2-3 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka maʻamau),
ʻO ka palatability kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻano maʻamau o nā lāʻau āpala.
ʻO ke hōʻiliʻili huakaʻi.

ʻO nā hua o kahi lāʻau ʻala ʻāpala Sonata. © artevos

Nā hiʻohiʻona biological o nā ʻano o nā kumulāʻau kolala

Ma muli o ka nele o ka ulu ulu ʻana, ka mea i hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka lei a me ka habitus o ka moʻomeheu. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hewa me ka nui o ka waiho ʻana o nā pua pua (waiho i ka hua), ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻi hou ʻana o ka hua (no 1-3 mau makahiki).

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona olakino ka aneane piha ʻole o ka branching lateral, hōʻoki i ke kākoi i ka pana waena (kahi ʻōpala) o ka lāʻau, ke ʻano dwarf o ka ulu a me ka wā e pono ai. Me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hua mau nā hua lāʻau ʻona, hāʻawi i nā hua nui. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa kekahi nāwaliwali - ka ʻōnaehana kumu. He ʻāpono ia, hoʻāliʻi, paʻa ʻole i ka ʻōpū o ka moʻomeheu, a ma lalo o nā ʻōpū o ka makani hiki i ka ʻōpala lāʻau. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi ʻōnaehana kumu lalo ke hoʻolako i ka mea kanu me ka nui o ka wai a me nā mea kanu momona, no laila pono e hānai a hoʻomaʻomoʻu ʻia, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae i ka lawena a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. He ʻano ʻano hua like ʻole ka kolanelu, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahua waena i kona hoʻomohala ʻana, ua make ka hapa o nā ʻano hua. Kūleʻa ka hopena i luna. Aia i ka hōʻea i luna, hua wale ka hua. Hoʻopili ka lāʻau i nā huaʻai, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻomau i kāna hana a hiki i ke 50 makahiki o kona mau makahiki.

Nā ʻano ʻōpiopio o nā kumulāʻau kolamu i ka wā kahiko. Ke pua nei kekahi i ka makahiki o ka kanu (Malyukha, Barguzin, Iksha, Moscow lei, X-3). Akā ʻaʻole kūpono ka waiho ʻana i ka hua i ka makahiki mua. ^ E Ha yM. I kona hāʻawi ʻana i kona ikaika a pau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua i ka makahiki mua, ʻaʻole paha ia e kau i ka hua i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā hua kumulāʻau ʻōpala iʻoi aku ma mua o 6-8 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano he lāʻau liʻiliʻi-fruited, kahi e hoʻokomo i ka hua ikaika e 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu no ka wā mau. Hoʻokomo nā pēpē Late i kahi huaʻai no 6 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ke kūʻai nei i nā mea kanu, e pono e nīnau i ka mea kūʻai aku no ka hoʻohālikelike like ʻana o ka ʻano, me ka mea e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻano like. Inā ʻaʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi ʻano kīnā ʻole nani.

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻano kumulāʻau ʻehā

E like me nā lāʻau ākea maʻamau, colonized ma ka maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau pūʻulu:

dwarfs nui
dwarfs
hapalua
nui-nui
huhū.

I ka māla hale, ʻelua mau ʻano o ke ʻala āpau-lāʻau maikaʻi loa i ʻae ʻia - ka dwarf a me ka nui.

Nā ʻano hua kolalā E loaʻa i ka inoculation a clonal scions "me kahi o Co a" ma dwarf rootstocks. E ulu mālie nā hua, akā hiki ke hana i kahi hua i ka ʻōpala mai ka makahiki mua. Ma kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻano laulā maʻamau o Currency, Arbat, 003.

Nā Kūleʻa Waena loaʻa ia hana ma ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano maʻamau ma nā hua clonal dwarf a me ke kāpoki ʻana. Ke kihi ka pōʻaiau a hiki i ka 2.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā ʻano mea kaulana loa me ka ʻola kolamu i puka ai ʻo Lingonberry, Orlinka, Ligol, Vasyugan, Medok, Pelekikena, Amber Necklace, Moscow Necklace, Bolero, etc.

Loaʻa nā kolamu i nā loulou ʻano like me ka hua i loaʻa ma nā ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻopuka maikaʻi nā pāpale lima a hoʻohua. Hoʻohuiʻia nā huaʻai, nā lau, maʻamau o nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kala a me nā aniani, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā aka. Kūhā ka ulu ʻana o ka pahu pahu pōkole, pōkole me ka helu nui o nā waihona kālā paʻa. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻano spurovye. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou e ka lei aliʻi compact, kahi nāwaliwali e hoʻopili ai i nā pua, a me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau lāʻau apana i loko o 2.0–3.0 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻoilina waiwai nui, ma muli o ke kaola. No laila, i ka wā e kūʻai ai i nā hua, e pono e nīnau i nā mākua makua.

Nā lāʻau ʻōpala nunui. © kalgaryplants

No nā huakaʻi i loaʻa iā lākou nā kumuwaiwai dwarf, ʻoi ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka nui o ka stockstock.

super dwarf rootstock PB-4 (Belarusian Paradise), i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema;
Makanani super dwarf Bud Budagovsky. Halekuai no ka pale ʻana ma waena o Rūsia.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palupalu. No laila, i ka wā o ke kanu a mālama, mālama pono a mālama pono i nā hua a me nā lāʻau pākeke e pono.

Ke kūʻai nei i nā lako o ka lāʻau no ka pale ʻana i ka home, e hoʻolohe i ka kala o ka ʻuā hua. ʻO kaʻulaʻula ʻili o PB-4 ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā me ka tinge melemele. ʻO nā hua kanu o ka pēpē ʻO Kid Budagovsky o ke kala violet-ʻulaʻula loa. E kōkua kēia hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kumukūʻai super dwarf maoli ke kūʻai aku ana.

ʻAʻole kūpono nā māka lāʻau lāʻau maʻamau i nā kolamu. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu ikaika i ka hōʻailona nui o ka hana kalaunu (kū hoʻokahi kūpaʻa, me nā lālā kālaiahi hope.

Nā ʻano hua lāʻau ʻōpala ma o ka ulu ʻana o ka wahi

E like me nā lāʻau ʻōleʻa maʻamau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kolana i ka pale ʻana i nā kūlana kime i loko o ka hau-aloha a me ka wela aloha.

Nā ʻano hua lāʻau ʻōpala laulima no nā ʻaoʻao hema

No nā wahi hema, nā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o nā lāʻau lae kolola ʻo Bolero, Esenia, Trident, Snow White, Taskan, Spark, Garland, Green Noise, Titania, White Eagle, Senador, ʻeallelo Pai. Hiki iā lākou ke kūleʻa i ka hoʻoluʻu i loko o ke kūkulu hema, akā, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻae i nā palaka nui.

Aia nā ʻōiwi i ka ʻalohi o ka lūlū ʻana me ka mālama maikaʻi i ka wā lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka ka fruiting i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola. Kūpono nā huaʻai 150-400 g. Ua loli iki ke ʻano, he ʻōpū a puni ia. Wahi a ke kala o nā kala like ʻole - mai ka mea nui i ka uliuli nui i ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā kāne nani ʻo 2.0-2.5 mika me ka lei aliʻi compact, ka nui o ka hapanui ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 0.5-0.7 m, he māla maoli lākou o ka māla. Ke lau nui nei, hoʻomau lākou i ka hoʻohanohano i loko o ke kau wela holoʻokoʻa. He nani maoli lākou i ka rabatki, e hana ana i kahi ala maʻamau phytowall e hoʻonani ai i nā ala i ka hale, nā wahi kihi.

Nā ʻano ʻano kumulāʻau kolamu no ka ʻāina ʻeleʻele o Black a me nā ʻāina Siberian

I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻano ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe nā ʻano o nā kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula me kahi lei aliʻi maʻamau a me nā hua. Pono ka ola me ke kanu ʻana i kēia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi o 6-8-12 mau makahiki. I nā ʻano momona maikaʻi me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana i wa waena a me Siberian mau ʻāina ((mai ke kikowaena o Moscow a me nā Urals) me Vasyugan, Moscow Necklace, Senador, Pelekikena, Ostankino, Triumph, Currency, Arbat, Medok, Gin, Dialog, Renet Mazherova, Spark, Chervonets, Elite, Iksha a me nā mea'ē aʻe. No ka papa inoa, hōʻike ka ʻāʻī o ka hoʻoilo ma Iksha (-40 ° C), Vasyugan, Pelekikena, lei lei ʻo Moscow.

Keino nā kūlana kokoke i Moscow) me ka kiʻekiʻe palatability - nā ʻano o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala: Malyuha, Medok, Arbat, Moscow lei a me nā mea'ē aʻe. He mea hoihoi nā Medok a me Renet Mazherova. He hona kapu a ka meli a me ka momona o ka meli, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hua mai ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Loaʻa iā Renet Mazherova ka lei ʻikina loa (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 40 cm ka lōʻihi), nā hua liʻiliʻi (50 g), ka mea maoli e kāʻili i ka ʻūhū i ʻAukake-Kepakemapa, e like me ka pepeiao nui o ka ʻāpana ʻoneʻoni ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka wai ʻala o kāmole-hua ʻalani a waiho i kahi ʻono kūʻokoʻa. Pono e nānā ʻia he kiʻekiʻe nā huaʻai ma luna a me nā wā o ka ulu mua ʻana. He manamanahele nā hua āpau ma loko o ka lono, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻono ʻono i ka hua. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu e hāʻawi ai i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi e mokulele i kahi helu nui me nā lā lihi like ʻole, nā hōʻailona alima, ka nui o ka hua a me nā kala.

No ka hoʻonui i ka decorativeness o nā mea kanu, ua hui pū ʻia kekahi mau ʻanoʻokoʻa o ka nui o nā kumulāpa ʻehā. Kūlike nā ʻano kolamu i ke kala o nā hua āpau, nā wā pua, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻokoʻa kūikawā i nā mea kanu. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kahi uku ma 1-2 mau lālani o kēia mau ʻano like ʻole: ʻo ka Pelekikena me nā hua melemele māmā, Ostankino me nā ʻalika ʻulaʻula nui, ʻo Vasyugan me ke kāʻei ʻulaʻula, nā lei ʻAmelika me nā hua o ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻalani a me nā pua pink. E hoʻohanohano ʻo Iksha i ka hanu i kahi phytowall ola me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ulana ʻia i nā ʻaloleka lauwili e like me ka ʻano, kahi momona saffron maikaʻi. ʻO kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā kolamu me ka melemele gula, ke kukui ʻulaʻula, nā melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Currency, Dialog, Malyukha) he nānā maikaʻi.

ʻO nā kumulāʻau mauola kōpaʻa, ma mua o nā makahiki mua, e pono ke ahonui a me ka nānā. ʻO ka kanu a me ka mālama ʻana, nā lole ʻoi a me ka mea kanu i kā lākou mau ʻano pono. No laila, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka māla a i ʻole kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o kekahi mau hui ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā laina ma ke ala, pono ia, i ka papa kīhāpai, e huki i kahi papa hana e hōʻike ana i ka laina o ka laina a me ka mamao i ka lālani, nā ʻano like me ka wehewehe pōkole o nā ʻano nui a ma ka pūnāwai e hoʻomau me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua kanu.

Me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki ʻōpala lau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka lua o ka ʻatikala "Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ulu lāʻau ʻōpiopio nui." (Ke mākaukau nei ka ʻenehana)