Kāpiki

ʻO ka herbaceous makahiki o ka lāʻau capicum (Capsicum annuum) he ʻelena o ka genus Capsicum o ka ʻohana Solanaceae. Kahi ʻia ka moʻomeheu like ʻole ma ka mahiʻai. ʻO ka hale pāhala o ka pepa ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hōʻike ʻia ia mea kanu ma ke ʻāpana o ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 15 a ʻoiai, ʻoiai ke koi nei ka moʻomeheu i ke aloha a me ka makemake i ka wela, ua loaʻa ia ia ka mea kaulana i waena o ka poʻe māla i ka wā pōkole. I kēia manawa, aia kahi kokoke i 2 mau tausani o ka nui o ka capsicum, e pili ana ka hapanui ma nā subspecies o ka pepeke momona, a ʻo ke koena e pili i nā subspecies o ke kīwī ʻawaʻawa. Ma lalo nei mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pepa ʻono.

Nā hiʻohiʻona pepa

ʻO ka pepa momona, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pepa pepa - he hua ʻai ma ke kūloko kūloko, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe o kahi mea kanu. Hoʻolālā a hui ʻia paha i nā pahu lau māmā a pahu i kahi paʻa. Kūpono ka hiʻohiʻona o nā lau manu i ka ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano like ʻole, a he nui nā aniani kūlohelohe. ʻO nā pua axil nui a i ʻole ʻāpana paha o nā māka, na ka corolla i paʻi ʻia i ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a ʻūmaʻomaʻo paha. ʻO ka hua kahi hua ʻōlepa lehulehu he ʻano he nui, he ʻano kaupaona, ʻano a me ka nui, hiki ke paʻi ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole he brown.

Ke ulu nei i ka pepa mai nā hua

Ke kanu

Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka ʻākaka pīpī ma waena o nā lat-waena ma o nā mea kanu. Aia i loko o nā kūlana ʻino, hiki i ka manawa līlū ke ʻano like, akā i kekahi ʻano mea, pono ke kanu ʻia nā hua ma mua ma mua o nā lā mua o Malaki.

Pono e hoʻomākaukau i nā hua o ia ʻano kuʻuna ma mua o ka lulu. ʻO ka mua, ua kāwele lākou i loko o ka wela (ma kahi o 50 degere) ka wai no ka hamo ʻana, kahi e noho ai lākou no 5 a 6 mau hola, ma hope o lākou e kau ʻia ai i loko o ka lole i hoʻāwīwī ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma kahi mahana (e pili ana i 20 mau māka), ma laila lākou e 2-3 nā lā. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā hua lāʻau i loko o kahi mahele. Hāʻawi ka nui o kēia mau hua i nā hua kanu ma mua o nā mea ʻaʻole i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, no laila ua maʻamau nā mea kanu a ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka hui ʻana o ka lepo.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i ka substrate no ka lūlū me kou mau lima ponoʻī, no kēia mea pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka 1 tbsp. one, 2 tbsp. māla humus, 1 tbsp. ʻāina mahina, 1-2 tbsp. la l lehu lāʻau, pono e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā mea āpau, a laila disinfected. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hui ʻāina no kēia mea i loko o ka pahu hamo a i ka umu a waiho ʻia i kahi wela i nā mea lawe. E hoʻokaʻawale i ka papa o ka substrate a kali a hiki i ka hoʻomōlohelohe ʻana i ke 40-45 degere, ma hope o ka mea e pono ai nā kūlū e kūlū ʻūlū ʻia i nā pahu, me ka nānā ʻana i kahi mamao o 50 mm ma waena o lākou. Pono lākou e kanu i ka substrate e 15-20 mm wale nō. Eia naʻe, ua noi ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pot pitika no ka lūlū, no ka mea, he ʻona maikaʻi ʻole kēia kuʻuna i ka ʻohi. Ke pau ka lulu, pono ka hoʻomoʻou ʻia pono ke kāʻei o nā pahu, a ma luna pono o lākou e uhi ʻia i ke aniani a i ʻole polyethylene, ma hope o ke neʻe i kahi i kahi mahana (mai ka lā he 21 a 22 paha.

Ka mālama hānai

Pono e nānā pono nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano like me nā mea kanu o nā ʻano moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka huki ʻana o nā mea mua, pono ke hāʻawi i nā pepa i nā kūlana anu: ma ka pō - mai 10 a 15 mau kiʻekiʻe, a i ke ao - mai ka 26 a hiki i ka 28 tikelika. Hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka pauma wai e hoʻomō mau nā ka lolo i nā ipu i ka palupalu, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i ka stagnation o ka wai i ka ʻano o ka ʻāina me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ʻano ʻāina i nā ala like ʻole. No ka hoʻouluulu ʻia, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka lukewarm i hoʻoponopono ʻia (ma kahi o 30 degere) ka wai. Inā hoʻohana ka wai anuanu no kēia mau pahuhopu, e ulu maikaʻi ka mea kanu, maʻi a make a make.

Pono nā hua pepelu i kahi haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, i kēia hana, pono ʻo ia e hoʻomōlulu pono iā ia mai kahi pū mākela. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ka lula i ka lumi ma kahi o nā pōpoki, akā pono e pale ʻia nā lāʻau mai nā papa hana. He pono nō hoʻi e mālama i kēlā me kēia mau mea kanu pono i kahi mau lā lōʻihi (mai ka lā 7 a i hiki i ka 21 p.m.), i kēia mea, inā pono, pono lākou e hoʻonohonoho i nā kukui ʻokoʻa.

Kiki hua hua

Hāpai ʻia nā hua wili i ka wā i nānā ai lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻaina mua o nā papa lau maoli. ʻAʻole hoʻopili ka pepa ʻōpala i nā pākaki pit. A pono ʻoe e hūnā i nā hua kanu e ulu ana i ka pono holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ua hoʻohana lākou i nā pākika pitika 8x8 mau kenimika ka nui, i ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka lolo, pono lākou e kanu i nā lau cotyledon. Pono nā hua kanu i hoʻonoho e ulu a ulu ikaika. Ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pīkī i loko o ka ʻāina ākea, pono lākou e hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, i kēlā me kēia lā, pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea kanu i ke alanui, aʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina o kēia kaʻina. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e ʻike nā mea kanu i ka draft, a pono lākou e pale ʻia mai ka hau (ʻo ka ea o ka ea ʻaʻole e emi i lalo o 13 mau kiʻekiʻe).

I ka wā kanu kanu, pono ia e hānai ʻia ma kahi o 2 mau manawa ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka moena o ka māla. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka lole ʻaihue mua ma ka hapalua mahina ma hope o ka hoʻoʻau ʻia, aiʻole i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻaina mua o nā papa lau maoli i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka lole o ka lua e kū pono ʻia ma hope o 15 mau lā ma hope o ka wā mua a i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua o ka lua o nā pihi lau maoli o nā papa lau maoli. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā pepa pepa e hānai ʻia me nā minamina wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Rastvorin, Fertika Lux, Agricola a i Krepysh no ka hānai ʻana i nā hua kanu.

Ke ulu nei i ka pepa ma kahi puka makani

Hiki ke ulu i ka pepa pepa ma kou windowsill, akā no kēia pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai: nā hua o kahi ʻano hoʻoliʻike ponoʻī, phytolamp, kahi hoʻohui ʻāina kūpono, a koho pū hoʻi i kahi kahi i hoʻopā ʻia e ka lā no ka liʻiliʻi o 3-4 mau lā i ka lā. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana ʻana o ka pua ma ka pua i loko o ka ipuhao, e aʻo ʻia e lulu maikaʻi iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, ua hāʻawi kēia i kahi kūlana huaola ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ka nui o nā hua e ulu ana ma kahi lāʻau, kahi i lawe nui i nā ikaika mai ka mea kanu, no kēia mea, pono ʻoe e koho wale i 5 a 6 mau ovaries, a hōʻoki aku i nā koena i koe.

Hoʻopuka i nā hua ʻai i loko o ka pā hao i ka lawe wikiwiki ʻana o ka substrate, i pili pū me kēia, pono e hānai mau ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau. Hana ʻia kēia i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā he 15-20, no kēia, ua hoʻōla ʻia ka ʻano o ka lepo me kahi hoʻonā o ka ulu ʻana (2 lita wai, 1 pahu o ka lāʻau) a i ʻole 1 tsp i hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka hui ʻāina. agrolife.

ʻO ka mea ulu i ulu ma ka windowsill he mau makahiki, no laila, ke koho ʻia nei he manawa ma ka 2 mau mahina i hoʻohui ʻia i ka vermicompost hou (ʻoiai ke lōʻihi ka nui o ka ipuhī) a i ʻole ka mea e pono e hoʻololi i ka mea kanu i loko o kahi pahu nui. I mea e ulu a ulu ka hua a mālama pono i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka pūnāwai e pono ai ʻaʻole he nui ka anti-kahiko kahiko. Inā hana pono nā mea āpau, a laila e hua i hoʻokahi mea kanu i nā makahiki he nui.

Hoʻomaka waho me ka pepa

ʻO ka wā e kanu ai

Ke ulu a ulu nā hua o ka pepa me ka ulu nui, pono e paakiki. Kālele ʻia kona loaʻa ʻana i ka māka ākea i ka wā o ke hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pua mua, ma hope o ka ea ʻana o ke alanui e hoʻomā ana a hiki i 15-17 degere. E like me ke kapu, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka ʻāina ākea mai nā lā hope o Mei a hiki i ka hapalua o Iune.

Peper Primer

ʻAʻole kūpono kahi lepo māmā i loaʻa kahi mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pūnaewele no ka kanu ʻana e hana e pili ana i 12 mau mahina ma mua o ka lā o ke kākā. I ka manawa like, hiki ke ulu i nā mea kanu i kēia wahi kahi i mālama pono i ka pepa, no ka laʻana: zucchini, nā sibio, ka manure ʻōlapa, kōkala, kāloti a paukena. A ma ka wahi i ulu mua ai nā huaʻai nighthade ma mua, no ka laʻana, nā ʻuala, ka pepa, ka hua manu, kamato a me ka physalis, nā pepeke momona ʻaʻole i ulu ʻia. No ka kanu ʻana o ka pepa i ka pūnāwai 1 makahiki ma mua o kēia, ʻo 5 kg o ka loea i waena o 1 mau mika square o ka ʻāina e hoʻohui pono i ka lepo ma lalo o ka mea i kālai mua ʻia. I ka wā e hoʻoili ai, ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ua ʻeli ʻia ka pūnaewele, me 50 pākaha o ka potash a me nā maniua e hoʻonui ʻia no ka 1 pākahi mika.

I ka makahiki kanu mea kanu huaila ma ka pūnāwai, 40 mau pākēneka o ka ammonium nitrate i 1 mika square i hoʻohui ʻia i ka topsoil. Ke waiho nei nā lā 5 ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hua kanu i ka lepo ākea, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pūnaewele me kahi hoʻonā disinfectant, e hoʻomākaukau ai, 10 l ka wai e hoʻohui me 1 tbsp. la l keleawe keleawe.

ʻO nā rula palena

Pono ka mamao o ka lua o ka moena ma kahi o 0.4 a hiki i 0.5 m, a ʻo ka palena o ka lālani e pili ana ia i ka 0.6 m.ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua kanu e pono ke ʻano o ia mea ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, e hohola ka ʻāʻī o kona aʻa me ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā. I kēlā me kēia lua e pono ai e ninini i 1 tbsp. la l kikowaena piha piha, kahi mea e pono ai ka potasi, ka ʻona a me ka fosfor. Pono ke kāwili ʻia ka pipiʻi me ka lepo ma lalo o ka lua kanu.

ʻO nā pepa i hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala kō e pono e hoʻopolo ʻia i loko o ka lua me ka ipu. Ke ulu ka mea kanu i loko o kahi pahu, kahi huki huki iki ʻia kahi mea kanu, e hoʻāʻo ana e mālama i ka nui o ka ʻāina, a laila waiho ʻia i loko o ka lua kanu. Pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua me ke kōpaʻa i loko o ka hapa ½ ʻāpana. Pono ka nui o nā pepa i kanu ʻia, aʻo ka 10 l o ka wai ka i lawe no 3 mau lāʻau. Ma hope o ke kiʻi ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka lepo, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua me ka lepo i luna. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopiha i ka ʻili o ka wahi i kahi papa mulch (peat). Inā inā ia i ka pō i ke alanui i ka malu o ka lewa ma lalo o 13 mau kiʻekiʻe, a laila e pili pono nā hua i loko o ka papa ākea e pono ai kahi e noho ai.

Ke ulu nei i ka pala ma kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo

Aia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka pulu wai i manaʻo ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina ākea, a aia nō nā mea e hiki ke ulu wale i nā hale ma nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka laʻana, nā ʻano: Arnes, Accord, Alyonushka, Vesper, Bonus, Atlant, Pinocchio, Orange Wonder, Tenderness, Swallow, Night and kekahi

ʻO ka mua, lūlū hua i nā hua kanu. Pono nā paakiki i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka pā hale a i ʻole ka palaka, a laila pono pono lākou ke hoʻopili i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pehea e lulu ai i nā hua a kanu i nā hua kanu ma luna. Ke lawe nei nā mea kanu i ka lepo ma loko o ka lepo ma hope o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu i 25 kenimita, ʻoiai ko lākou makahiki e hiki ma kahi o 55 mau lā. No laila, pono nā mea kanu i kahi māla mānoanoa a me nā papa o 12-14, aʻo nā mea sinuses ka mea i loaʻa i nā pua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka pīpī ma kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo unheated wale ma hope o ka lepo i loko ia i ka mahana a hiki i ka 15 tikelī. ʻO ia ke kumu e hāʻule pinepine ai ka manawa pae ma ka hapa lua o Mei.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka mea kanu i ka lepo ʻōmaʻomaʻo: 40 mau pā o ka fosfor a me 30 mau mea o ka potash fertilizers e lawe ʻia no kēlā me kēia 1 mika square o ka pā. A laila e pono ka inu ʻia ka lepo. Wahi a nā ʻano pākuhi, pono e nānā ʻia ka huakaʻi i lalo ma waena o nā pua: no nā ʻano ulu liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa - ma kahi o 15 mau kenimika, no nā mea lōʻihi - ma kahi o 25 mau kenimika, a no nā mea ulu nui - ʻaʻole i emi iho i 35 mau kenimika. Hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o ka lālani ma waena o 0.35 a hiki i ka 0.6 m. Inā kanu ʻia nā mea kanu, pono ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāina i loko o nā lua a hānaʻu ʻia kona ʻili me kahi papala o ka mulch (peat).

ʻĀlelo Pepelu

Ke ulu i ka pala momona ma ka ʻāina ākea, pono e hoʻohāinu ʻia nā kumu lāʻau, hānai, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa, pono ʻole ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina a hoʻokuʻu aku nā weed. I mea e hāʻawi ai nā lāʻau i nā hua hou aku, ʻoi ʻia e ʻoki lākou i ka pua waena mai ka lālā mua. Eia kekahi, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kanu inā hoʻokomo ʻia i ka 2 a i ʻole 3 mau mea kanu, a no kēia makemake ʻoe e hōʻoki i nā ʻāpana hana hou (ʻoi aku ka wana). Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke ʻano o nā lāʻau i ka palupalu a me ke kākāʻokeʻo. Pono e noʻonoʻo i ka hūnā ʻole o 20-25 mau hua i waiho ʻia ma kekahi lāʻau. Ke ulu nei i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe i ka wā kanu, ua hoʻokau ʻia kahi pā kokoke i kēlā me kēia lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka mea kanu, inā pono.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā peppers me nā mea hoʻomo poll poll, kahi mea inā pono ke huki ʻia i ka pūnaewele. No kēia mea, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu mai kahi pāʻai me ka boron-sugar syrup; no ka hoʻomākaukau, 100 mauʻa o ka gula gula a me 2 maulea o ka wai boric e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma ka 1 lita o ka wai wela. Pono pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka wā e kaomi ai ka pepa, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā mea ʻalaʻawa, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o nā mea make.

Pehea e hoʻoinu ai

Ua kanu ʻo Peppers i kahi ākea ma ka puka mua i ka lohi iki, akā ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo ai. ʻO ka mea nui i kēia manawa ka kaohi ʻana i ka pohō o ka wai ma ka lepo, me ka mea hiki ke hōʻeha kēia i nā pōʻino. Ma mua o ka pua o nā pua, pono lākou i kahi kaila waiʻawaʻī (1 manawa i 7 mau lā). I ka wā o ka hua o nā huaʻai, pono e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā irrigations a hiki i ka 2 mau manawa i nā lā 7, aʻo ka 6 lita o ka wai e lawe ʻia ma kēlā me kahi 1 mika mita o ka pā. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā pepa, pono e hoʻokuʻu pono i ka ʻāina a puni lākou, ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo ʻole e hōʻeha i ko lākou papahele papa.

Kūkulu ʻia kēia moʻomeheu me ka wai hoʻōla i hoʻomoʻi ʻia mai ka wai hoʻōla ma o ka pīpī ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka wai o ka pulu, a ma muli o kēia, hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi lohi i ka ulu ʻana, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ovaries a me nā pua. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka wai, pono ke uhi i ka ʻili honua me kahi papa o mulch (mauʻu lau), ʻo ka mānoanoa kahi e pili ana i 10 mau kenimika.

Kuilima

I ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o ka pepa i ka lepo ākea, pono ia e hānai iā 2 mau manawa me kahi hoʻonā o nā ʻōkō manu (1:10). E pono nō i nā wana e ʻaihue ka lole ma luna o nā lau, no kēia hoʻomehana i hoʻohana ʻia ka nīnūnū (no ka 10 lita o ka wai 1 tbsp. O ka waiwai).

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka pāmato, a laila pili nā pua a me kahi palena maloʻo i nā kihi, akā e hoʻomanaʻo e pāpā ʻia ʻole ʻo ia e hānai iā lākou me ka potassium chloride, no ka mea, ua maloʻo kēia moʻomeheu i ka chlorine. Inā he liu ka liʻiliʻi o ka lepo, lilo nā papa lau i ka palupalu, a laila ʻike lākou i kahi mākau hina. A i ka paʻa ʻana o ka lepo me ka haukaʻe, ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā pua a me nā ovaries i ʻike ʻia i nā lāʻau. Inā he nui ka phosphorus i ka lepo, a laila huli ka lalo o nā lau i nā kukui ʻulaʻula, a kū aʻe nā papa i luna a pēpē i nā lāʻau. Ma muli o ka nele o ka magnesium, loaʻa i nā kākoi i nā mākeke nā kala manu. E nānā pono i nā lāʻau a i ka wā hoʻi i ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e nalowale ana nā mea kanu a i ʻole mea ʻē aʻe, e hānai iā lākou e hoʻohana ana i ka pākuʻu pono.

Ka Hoʻōla

I ka wā o ka ʻūhū ʻana i nā hua, ʻaʻohe ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻenehana kemema e hakakā i nā maʻi like ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea ʻino o loko i loko o lākou e hiki ke hōʻili i nā pepa. Inā mālama pono ʻoe i kēia ʻano hua a noho pono e nā kānāwai agrotechnical āpau, a laila aia ke kiʻekiʻe nui e ʻeha ʻole nā lāʻau i nā maʻi āpau, a ʻaʻole pono nā pōʻino like ʻole i luna. Eia nō naʻe, inā pilikia ka pilikia, a pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kūpono pono ʻole i ka manawa kūpono.

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki o ka pepa me nā inoa kiʻi

Maʻi maʻi

Hiki i ka pōpō pepa ke pā: verticillosis (wilting), keleawe (wilting ʻoka), phytoplasmosis, fusarium, late blight, vertex a hina hina, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.

Verticillosis

ʻO ka maʻi Verticillosis kahi maʻi fungal i loaʻa i hoʻokahi mau puka: heʻe, ʻulaʻula a me ka dwarf. I ka manawa like, ʻike kēlā me kēia ʻano palapala i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōpala, ʻoi ʻia e pili pono i nā ʻano mea pono e pono ai: i ka wā o ka wā o ka lūlū, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wahi i nā koena o nā mea kanu e pono pono ʻia, a no ke kanu ʻana, nā ʻano like ʻole i kēia maʻi e koho ʻia.

ʻO ka phytoplasmosis

Inā pā ka lāʻau lāʻau i ka phytoplasmosis (koloka), a laila puka ka pala ma ko lākou aʻa loina, ulu ka dwarfism, lilo nā hua, lilo hoʻi i mea kīkaha a me ka wīwīwī, pāwili ʻia, paʻakikī, a me ka melemele o nā foliage i ʻike ʻia, a ma ka hopena, make ka mea kanu. ʻO ka mea lawe lima o kēia maʻi ka circadian. No ka hoʻokuʻu i ka phytoplasmosis, pono nā hōʻiliʻili i nā lāʻau me ka wai Acara i ka wā kanu i nā hua kanu ma ka ʻāina ākea a me 20 mau lā ma hope o kēlā la, i kēia ʻano hoʻomohala, ʻaʻole i make nā lāʻau make pesticides i nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e ʻōwili i ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻāina, me ka wehe pono ʻana i nā lau āpau.

Pākaʻi

I ka wā e hoʻopōʻino ʻia ka pepa e ka maʻi fungal e like me ka fusarium, ʻike ʻia kona melemele ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻololi ka lau i kona kala i ka ʻala ʻalani. Pono e ʻili ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōpala a mālama i nā lāʻau, pono e nānā pono nā mea kanu, no ka mea pono lākou e hoʻōla maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka mea e lawe ʻia i ke kakahiaka, a pono nō hoʻi e hōʻuluʻulu i ka huʻu i ka manawa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūnaewele i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā pathogens hope e ulu i nā pala momona no ka liʻiliʻi 1 mau makahiki.

Laha keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka maʻi ma kahi ākea ākea ka hopena maʻamau e pili ana i nā tōmato a me nā pepa. I nā lāʻau maʻi maʻi, ulu nā wahi paʻa ma ka papa o ka hua, ka mea e hopu ai i ka ʻiʻo. Pono e hoʻoulu ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau me kahi hopena o Zaslon, Oksikhoma a i ʻole Barrier, akā ma mua o ka pua o ka pua. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā ʻano kīpeka i pale aku i ka maʻi.

ʻ .pelu keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka wāwae ʻeleʻele, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he mau ʻōpala pepa. I loko o nā lāʻau, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kumu o ka laha, ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi like me ka lulu paʻa ʻana a i ʻole ʻike ʻole i nā rula no ka ulu ʻana o nā hua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kikoʻī ma ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa a me ka substrate. Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, palupalu ke kumu a make ka mea kanu. I mea e pale ai i kēlā maʻi kī ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka nunui o nā hua, e koho ʻia i ka wā kūpono, a pono e mālama ʻia ke pae ʻana kūpono o ka mākeke. Inā ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu, pono e huki koke ʻia a puhi ʻia, pono ke kala ʻia o ka papa o ka papa, hoʻomoʻa a kāpīpī ʻia me ka lehu lāʻau. A laila pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me kahi hoʻonā Barrier (no ka 1 lita o ka wai āu e makemake ai he ʻekolu mau pūpū o ka huahana).

Palapala Vertex

Ke kū nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pala apical ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kanu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepa i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka papa o nā hua i ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā kikohola paha. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka maʻi ma muli o ka nui o ka lepo me ka calcium a me ka nitrogen. Pono e luku ʻia nā lāʻau i pā, a ʻo ke koena e mālama ʻia me ka calcium nitrate.

Grey pala

Hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka peppers ma kahi hina hina i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala. Hoʻokumu kahi lāʻau maʻi i nā wahi putrefactive a me kahi pua o ka pua hina. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mālama ʻia ka hoʻomohala o nā maʻi like i ka wā mākū. ʻO nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia o ka ulu lāʻau, a me nā huaʻai, pono e luku ʻia, a laila e mālama ʻia ka ʻōpala me kahi hoʻomākaukau no ka fungicidal. Akā wale kēia inā ʻaʻole pili nui nā mea kanu.

Makahuʻu ʻoli

Hiki i ka pepa, ke kele ʻia a me ke keleawe, ke nānā ʻia nā pale kīwī ma nā lau lau, a lilo i poni a keleawe paha. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻili necrotic e kū nei ma ke kikowaena waena o nā ʻala lau. ʻO ka wā o ka hala, ua pau ka piko o ka lāʻau, aʻo nā hua ma ke wahi o ka paukū i uhi ʻia i nā ʻāpana pale o ke aniani, ka ʻalaʻula a i ka melemele paha. E mālama i ka hōʻiliʻili, pono ia e koho i nā hua ʻai āpau, me ka pani ʻia o ka wai inu ʻana. I mea e ola ai nā lāʻau i hoʻopilikia ʻia, pono lākou e hoʻōla ʻia me Fundazole, akā, ʻaʻole kākou e poina e pili ana i ka hōʻeha ʻana o nā fungicides i lawe mai ai i nā lāʻau ʻoihana.

Kāu

Hoʻokomo nā spider mites, slugs, aphids a i nā wireworms kahi noho i nā lāʻau o kēlā mea kanu.

Nāho

No laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka pōpoki i nā ʻōpala, pono ka uhi ʻana o ke kahua i kahi ʻāpana o ka pepa ʻawaʻawa, nutshell a mustard powder. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā pālau, no kēia mau wahi ma ke kahua āu e pono ai e kau i nā kīʻaha i piha i ka pia ʻeleʻele, e huki lākou i nā pōpoki, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia a luku ʻia. He mea pono hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo i nā lā wela he pono e wehe i ka papa ʻāina ma waena o nā lālani a hohonu a 40 a 50 mm.

Wireworms

ʻO Wireworms ka huaʻai o ka pupu nutcracker. Noho lākou i ka papa no 5 mau makahiki a ʻawili i ke aʻa o nā lāʻau. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kahua o kēlā ʻano palu, i ka hoʻoilo he pono e eli ia, a ma ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua ʻōpala ma luna, pono ia e hana i kekahi mau baits. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ma kahi pūnaewele i nā wahi like ʻole, kanu ʻoe i nā ʻāpana o nā hua kanu maikaʻi, ʻoiai e poina e waiho i nā palapala i kēia mau pūnaewele. ʻO kēlā mau mau wahi e hoihoi maikaʻi i nā wireworms. Ia ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau lā, pono ʻia e uhu ai ke aʻa a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu, kahi e luku ʻia ai.

Nā spider mites

Noho ka spider mites ma pepa i ka wā maloʻo, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻokau ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao hewa o nā papa lau, a ʻai i ka wai ʻai. No ka hiki i ka pakuhi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insecticidal kūikawā, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi huahana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me kou mau lima ponoʻī, no kēia, e ninini i ka 1 sīpī i 1 pahu o ka wai. ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole ke kāleka paha, a hoʻohui ʻia 1 tbsp. la l kālai palaoa wīwī paha a huila wai ʻole, a me ka lau o ka dandelion kalo. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia o ka huina, pono ia e hana no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā kumulāʻau pepa.

Nā Aphids

E hoʻopau i nā aphids, pono ia e hoʻohana i kahi infusion kūikawā no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pepa, no ka hoʻomākaukau no ia mea pono ia e hoʻohui i 1 pā o ka wai wela a me 1 tbsp. lehu palu a ʻo ka lehu paha. Hiki i nā mea kanu ke laʻa me ka Celtan a i Karbofos, e wikiwiki koke nei i nā hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insecticidal, e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi hopena, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā pāluna wai me ka 1 tbsp. la l mea hoʻonaʻauao.

Kāohi a me ka waiho ʻana

I loko o ka pepa, hoʻokaʻawale ka 2 mau ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi: ʻo ka ʻenehana a me nā ʻenekine (physiological). Ke kūpono ka hua i loko o ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻenehana, ʻānō ʻia lākou i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole mai ke kālala-keʻokeʻo a ʻala uliuli. I ke kahua o ke aniani ʻōlima, ua ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, a melemele a i ʻole paha ke kiʻi; ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono lākou e ʻai ʻia a mālama ʻia paha i kahi wikiwiki, e like me ka wikiwiki. Inā ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i nā huaʻai i ka hana o ka ulu ʻenehana, a laila ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i ko lākou hou i nā hebedoma 8. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana ka manawa ma waena o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana mai 3 a 4 wiki.

I mea e ʻike ai inā mākaukau paha ka hua no ka ʻohi a a i ʻole, pono ʻoe e kī maʻalahi i ia, inā e lohe ʻoe i kahi hiʻi, a laila hiki ke kīkī i ka lālā. ʻO ka poʻe māla akamai e ʻohi i ka pepa i ka manawa like me ke ʻoki ʻana i nā kamato a me ka hua manu. Eia ke kapu, hoʻomaka nā hua mua i ohi ʻia ma ka hapa mua o ʻAukake. Hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a hiki i ka hau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻohi ʻia nā huaʻai i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā 5-7 mau lā. ʻO ka ʻōpō ʻokiʻoki me ke kumu lāʻau i mālama maikaʻi ʻia. I ka wā ulu, ua hōʻiliʻili nā hua i nā manawa 3-5. Ma mua o kaʻokoʻa, pono ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻai holoʻokoʻa. Pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā huaʻai e ka nui a me ka pākeke, ma hope o lākou e waiho ʻia e ʻala.

Ma mua o ke mālama ʻana i ka pepa i ka waiho ʻana, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lāʻau, aʻo ka lōʻihi o ka māhele e koe mai 10 a 15 mm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama mālama i nā pā lepa palekana maikaʻi, ma luna o ka mea ʻaʻohe o nā mea make. Mālama ʻia nā hua pā e mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji. No ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano me nā pā wai momona, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeke o ka polyethylene, ʻo ka mānoanoa ka mea ma mua o 120 mau microns a maikaʻi loa, inā he lolo lākou me ka perforation ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. E mālama i ka pīpī iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, pono lākou e hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia kāwili o ka pepa.

No ka mālama, hiki ke kau i nā hua i loko o nā pahu hohonu loa no nā lā 1 a 2 paha, i loko o ka hīnaʻi a i ʻole ma kahi pā i ka papa lalo, ka ea o ka ea ma loko o 80 a 90 paha, a me ke ʻano - mai 8 a 10 mau kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā mau hua e ka ulu ʻana o nā mea ʻala ʻē aʻe, no laila e ʻike maopopo ʻole i ʻole kahi mea decomposing a huluhulu paha i ka waiho. Inā hana pono nā mea āpau, a laila e hiki i nā hua ke mālama i ko lākou ola hou no nā hebedoma 6-8. Hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka peppers i loko o kahi friji, kahi ma kahi mahana o 9 a 10 degere e mālama ai lākou no kahi he 4 wiki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i nā kēleo mai nā holoi i holoi ʻia, ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻia ʻana o nā hua i loko o kekahi a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi waihona manuahi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pepa pepa i kūpono no ka mālama ʻana no ka hana ʻana, no ka laʻana, he huʻu ʻuala, huila, ʻaila a i ʻole ʻaihue i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai lākou.

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka pepa

Ua olelo ʻia ma luna aʻe o ka pauna lau ka ʻuala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻawaʻawa a me ka momona. I loko o ka paʻi momona, hoʻokaʻawale nā ʻano e like me kēia:

pepa ʻōpala;
cone-ʻano lauala lau;
pepa lāʻau ʻōpala lau;
ka laumato ʻōmole pepa;
cylindrical kope pepa.

Eia kekahi, ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hua ʻono like ʻole i nā mea kanu no ka māla ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka ākea ākea a me nā ipu (ua ulu lākou ma luna o ka windowsill a i ʻole ka ua, a ʻo nā ʻākala i hāʻawi pinepine i nā hua)

Pēlā nō, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ma ka ʻala:

ua hoʻomaka ka ʻala ʻōpala i ka wā 80-100 mau lā (nā ʻano - Health, Dobrynya Nikitich, Snow White, Swallow; hybrids - Atlantic, Orange Miracle, Montero, Cardinal, Denis);
ua hiki i ka awelika awelika i ka wā kahiko ma 115-130 mau lā (nā ʻano - Prometheus, Ilya Muromets, Korenovsky, Belozerka; hybrids - Maxim a me Huaʻala);
huʻu-lōkahi mau mea aloha i loko o nā lā he 140 a ʻoi aku paha (ua kaulana ke gula Medal a me ka paʻi ʻo Nochka).

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā hua hua o nā isalato i hiki ʻole ke mālama i nā ʻano o ka varietal o nā mea kanu makua. ʻO ia ke kumu e kūʻai pono ai i nā hua o nā ʻano lehelehe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o nā māla i ka mea he nui ka hua, nui a me nā hua maikaʻi loa a me ke kū'ē o ka maʻi.

Eia naʻe, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka hua, a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mea i ka wā e koho ai i ka hua. ʻO ka mea ʻoi nā hua ākea pākihi, ʻo ke ʻano o he spherical a oval paha, kūpono maoli no ka hoʻopili ʻana, aʻo ka mākaukau no ka hana ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā ʻano pāpaʻu me nā pepa nui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua i loko o ka cuboid, oval, cylindrical, elongated, conical a me spherical. Aia hoʻi nā ʻōpī me kahi papa pulu a molo paha.

A ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe me ka ʻoni o nā pepa i ka wā o ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe:

ʻulaʻula ʻaina i nā ʻano ʻaina - Alyosha Popovich, ʻAlena ʻulaʻula, Hula, Ilya Muromets, Winnie the Pooh a me nā hybrids - Zarya, Latino a me Red Baron;
kaila melemele i nā ʻano ʻili - Katyusha, ʻekele pōkole, a me nā pōkole - Raisa, Isabella, Indalo.

He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ka ʻike ʻo ka mestimaka Maxim me ka ʻenekema ʻoliʻoli nā hua ʻulaʻula, a me ko biula - ʻulaʻula ulaula. I ke kākoi a Cardinal, he ʻoniʻulaʻula; ma nā ʻāpana Bonus, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua i nā ʻāpana like ʻole mai ka ʻulaʻula uliuli i ka ivory; ʻO Chibrelle ka moa hybrite a me nā hua punahele he Apricot i loaʻa i nā hua ʻoniʻoni ʻoni.

ʻO nā ʻano e kaulana loa nā:

Paʻa momona

Loaʻa kēia ʻano maikaʻi i nā hua cuboid o ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā ono momona. Kaupaona lākou ma kahi o 0.3 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau mai ka 0.5 a 0.6 m, hiki iā ia ke ulu a 8 a 9 mau huaʻai.

Ka ʻulaʻula

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ma kahi o 0.7 m, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i 15 mau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ua loaʻa lākou i ka nui o 150 grika, a ʻo ko lākou pā o ka pālima, he 0.8 cm.

Kalihiko Kaleponi

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano waena ma waena o ka manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻoki ia ma kahi o 75 mau lā mai ke wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hua kanu i loko o kahi ākea. Hiki i ka lāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe o 0.8 m. He mau ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ākea, he paona lākou he 250 ka nui.

Kēho ʻalani

ʻO kēia ʻano ka mua loa o ka wā mua a kū hoʻi i ka maʻi o nā mea a pau, hoʻomaka wale nō ʻo 65-70 lā. ʻO ke kaʻahe ma ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 0.7-0.8 m, nā kīpī melemele gula o ke ʻano cuboid i ke kiʻekiʻe a i ke anawaena hiki ke hiki i 12 mau kenimika, pālahalaha paia mai ka 0.8 a 1 cm.

Hōʻikeʻike Hybrid of the East series

ʻO ka nui o nā hua pāpaʻu ka papalū he 150-350 grama, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano hua. Loaʻa i nā huaʻai i ke kala ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha.