ʻO ka mea kanu ʻo Nigella (Nigella) i kapa ʻia ʻo chernushka, pili koke me ka ʻohana ranunculaceae. Hoʻohui like kēia ʻano ma mua o 20 mau ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā Komohana o Komohana, Western Europe a me North Africa. Hiki mai ka inoa Latin i ka huaʻōlelo "niger", nāna e unuhi me ka "ʻeleʻele". A loaʻa ka inoa inoa i ka mea kanu ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mau hua i loko o ʻalaʻeleʻele. Ka mua, pau ka nigella ma Kauka Kauka a me Tureke, a mai laila aku a hiki i India, a mai laila aku i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I ʻEnelani, ʻo kēia mea kanu i kapa ʻia nā hua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia, nā ʻeleʻele caraway, nā pua nutmeg, kalingini, pua puaʻa, ʻenemole ʻeleʻele, a me ka coriander o Italia, akā, ʻo ka nigella, ʻaʻohe mea pili i kēia mau mea kanu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Nigella
ʻO Nigella kahi lau nahele makahiki me nā wana pua a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0.3-0.6 m. Hiki i nā pelekane lau nahele i loaʻa i ka palemima a i ʻole cirrus dissected. Piʻi nā papa kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka mea kanu, e like me ka uhi lacy. ʻO ka mamao o nā pua bisexual hoʻokahi paha ma kahi he 4 kenimika; loaʻa iā lākou 5 ʻelima, he kūlike e like me nā petals. Hiki ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ulele paha ke kala o nā pua. Inā he mau pua nā pua, a laila e waiho kā lākou nā pōpoki i nā lā 2, 3 a i ʻole 4. Ua hoʻololi ka lula a nā pua i nectaries. ʻO ka hua i kahi pahu o ka ʻōmole a i ʻole kuhi paha i kahi o nā 5 mau lau. I loko o nā hua he ovoid matte hua ʻala ʻeleʻele.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Nigella kahi mea waiwai o ka hoʻolālā ʻāina. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu me nā palena a me nā pā, ua hoʻohui lākou i nā pōhaku, nā pua a me nā puʻu alpine, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā nigella ma ke ʻano o nā hoʻonohonoho o nā lau.
Ke ulu nei ʻo Nigella mai kā Seeds
Ke kanu
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia kēia mea kanu ma nā hua wale nō. I ka lepo ākea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e lūlū iā lākou i ka mahina mua paha a i ʻole o ka hoʻoilo, aʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lepo ma o 20 mm. ʻO nā mea kanu i ʻike ʻia he anuanu maikaʻiʻole, akā ʻo ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia e ka māla ʻana iā lākou e pale aku iā lākou. Hōʻalo ka mea kanu i ka hōʻiliʻili, i pili me kēia, pono ka hana lūlū hua i kahi wahi mau.
Nā huaʻōlelo
Lawe ʻia nā hua kanu ma Malaki a ʻApelila paha i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aʻo nā hua kanu ua kanu ʻia ma ka substrate ma o 20 mm wale nō. Pono nā hua mua o nā lā ma mua o ka lulu. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hua mua o nā lau maoli e pono ai nā mea kanu e pono ai ke kolo i loko o nā pā kōkīnika-humus. Pono nā hua i kanu ʻia i pololei i loko o kēia mau ipu.
Ka kanu ʻana o Nigella ma kahi wahi
I ka manawa e pae ai
E ulu wikiwiki ana nā hua lāʻau Nigella, a ma Mei e hiki ke kanu i loko o kahi māla i kahi paʻa. E koho pono ʻia ka wahi no kēia mea kanu i kahi mālamalama a wehe ʻia, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i kahi mālamuhalulu e ulu a ulu nui hoʻi. Eia nō hoʻi, ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka kanu ʻana i kahi nigella, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono ia no kona pili ʻana i nā mea uhi honua. Pono ka ʻāina kūpono e maloʻo, maloʻo, mālamalama, saturated me nā mea kanu, kūlike a kūleʻa paha. ʻAʻole kūpono ka lepo Acidic no ka kanu.
Pehea e hāʻule ai
Pono e hana kūpono nā mea kanu i nā kōpō panui-hohonu, ʻoiai ma waena o nā mea pono e nānā i ka lōʻihi o 15 a 20 sentimita, a ʻo ka pae o ka laina mai 45 45 a 50 sentimita. Inā kanu ʻoe i kahi nigella nui loa, a laila e hoʻopilikia kino kēia i ka pua, a ʻaʻole loaʻa ka manawa i nā hua. Ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka lepo ākea, pono e hoʻoulu ʻia ʻia. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopiha i ka papa o ka papa me kahi papena o ka mulch, no ka mea maikaʻiʻole ka nigella i ka mulching. Hoʻomaka ka pua ma kahi o 40-45 mau lā ma hope o ke ʻano ʻana o nā mea kanu, a ʻo kona mau lōʻihi ma kahi o 8 wiki.
Nigella mālama i ka mahinaʻai
Ke mālama nei i kahi nigella, pono ia i ka wehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pae i ke kahua o ka pae ʻana, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka weele mauʻu, no ka mea, ua hana maikaʻi ʻole kēia mea kanu i ka mulch. E pili ana i ka lepo o ka lepo, e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai maʻamau a paʻa ʻole i ka pua. I kēia mea, manaʻo pono ia e hoʻomohala kahi nigella i kahi lōʻano wai kūikawā. Ke hānai nei i kēia pua, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo he maʻalahi hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, no laila eia hoʻi e makaʻala nui. Ma kēia hana, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea māla akamai e kanu i kahi nigella ma kahi o ka mea e hānai ʻia e nā mea mua me nā mea kanu organik. I kēia hihia, a hiki i ka waena o ka wā o ka ulu mau ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolilo ʻia nā pua like i ka manawa āpau. I ka wā uluʻana, pono ke kanu a me ka hoʻōla fosfor-potassium.
Nigella breeding
Hiki i ka mea kanu ke hoʻomuʻi wale ʻia e nā ʻano mea ʻole a hua like ʻano. Hiki i nā līlū ma nā ʻāina ākea e hiki ke hana ma nā pūnāwai a i ka hoʻoilo. Pehea e ulu ai nā nigella mai nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia ma ka kikoʻī o luna. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Samosev i kahi ala e pālahalaha aku ai ka nigella.
Nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
Inā loloa ke kūleʻa a maloʻo ʻole ke lōʻihi o ka manawa, a laila pilikia ka pilikia o ke nigella me ka wīwī. I mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā mea kanu, ua hōʻike ʻia e hoʻokō i nā lāʻau lapaʻau 2 a i ʻole 3 paha o ka ulu me ka maʻi manuahi me nā haki ma waena o nā papa o 7-10 lā. Inā he kauwela lōʻihi kahi lō'ō, a ʻaʻole inu ʻia ka nigella i kahi manawa kūpono, a laila nā spider mites e hake i ka wai kanu mai nā lau hiki i noho ma luna o lākou. I ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mites spider, pono pono e mālama i nā mea kanu me nā insectoacaricides, no ka laʻana: Actellic, Kleschevit, Agravertin, Akarin a i Fitoverm. Akā naʻe, mai makaʻu ʻoe iā ʻoe, no ka mea me ka mālama pono a me ka kanu ʻana, ua kū maikaʻi loa ka nigella i nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. A loaʻa nā hua o ia pua like i ka ʻono maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā pōpoki.
Nigella ma hope o ka pua ʻana
ʻO ka hōʻailona e hoʻomaka ai e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua nigella ʻo ka makeʻane ma kahi o 2/3 o nā boll, i kēia manawa, me he mea laʻa, i hāʻule i nā lā hope o ʻAukake a Kepakemapa paha. E ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā pahu momona me nā ʻōpala, a kālai ʻia i loko o nā pūpū, kahi i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i loko o kahi keʻokeʻo, ventilated no ka hoʻomaloʻo. Ke maloʻo nā pahu, pono lākou e lulu ʻia i nā hua a waiho ʻia i ka wā mau no 2 mau makahiki. Hiki ke lulu i kēia mau hua kanu ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, a hana ʻia paha i ka puna.
Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nigella me nā kiʻi a me nā inoa
Damelia Nigella (Nigella damasceana)
I waena o nā māla o nā latones waena, ʻo kēia ʻano, ka mea i kapa ʻia "Lady i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo", ʻo ia ka mea kaulana loa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo aia ma ia mea kanu, ʻaʻole nā pua wale nō ia, akā he lau lau pū. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ke loaʻa i ia mau pua i ka Nū Hikina a me Asia Minor, i ka Crimea, ka Caucasus a me ka Mediterranean. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pua kuʻi ke hiki i 0.3-0.5 mika. ʻEkolu mau papa kīpē a ʻelua paha mau ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kala o ka terry a i nā pua nani paha ke kala, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Me he mea lā e hoʻopuni ʻia ana nā pua e nā "pale" ʻano nui o ke ʻano o nā lau openwork i kū i luna o nā pua i lalo o nā pua. Nui ka nui o nā ʻano like o kēia ʻano nigella, eia naʻe e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole e lilo nā mea nani a pau. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻoi aku ka like o ka pēpē o ka Baby Blue like me kahi ʻōpala uliuli, e piʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o 15 mau kenimika a loaʻa iā ia nā pua liʻiliʻi a me nā hua ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā ʻōhua nani loa nā:
- ʻUlaʻula. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kūleʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i 0.9 m, he uliuli ke kala o nā pua semi-ʻelua.
- Miss Jekyll Rose. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i nā kumu kūpono ke kūpono i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hapalua mika. ʻO ka kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokumu ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano ʻano i nā mea florist e hoʻohana nei ia e kāohi ai i nā hoʻonohonoho pua a maloʻo hou paha.
- Nā lālani Peresia. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano pūpili pili i nā mea kanu me nā pua pua o ka ʻulaʻula, lilac-ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha.
- Dwarf Moody Blue. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea kanu dwarf hiki ke piʻi i ka 15-20 kenimika. ʻAno ke kala o nā pua.
Looi Nigella (Nigella sativa)
Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano hei mea lapaʻau. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu makahiki i ka 0.3 i 0.7 mika. ʻO nā pua keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā melemele paha-ʻelua ke maʻalahi a maʻalahi paha, ke nānā aku nei lākou i ke kūleʻa nui ʻana i ke kiʻi o nā papa o ka lace lace e like me nā lau fnelage. ʻO nā hua ʻeleʻele o kēia ʻano nigella ke ʻano ʻawaʻawa ikaika loa, no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no nā haneli he mau makahiki he hanimā no nā ʻano kīʻaha like ʻole. Hoʻomau pū ʻia nā ʻolekele a me nā mākaukau mai nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻokomo kēia ʻano inoa i nā inoa inoa e like me: nā ʻeleʻele caraway, ʻeleʻele sesame a me nā pua pua. A ua kākau ʻia i loko o ka Quran e pili ana iā ia: "I nā hua caraway ʻeleʻele, hoʻōla mai nā maʻi āpau."
ʻ Nlelo Sepania Nigella (Nigella hispanica)
ʻAʻole kaulana loa kēia ʻano. ʻO ka wahi i hānau ʻia ai kēlā makahiki he ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻApelika a me Sepania hema. I ke kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka lāʻau ulu ke 0.6 mika. Hoʻomaʻamaina nā lau o ka lau hohonu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā pua ʻeleʻele uliuli he 6 ia mau kenimika; loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻala ʻūhā a me nā stamens o kahi kala kala. ʻOluʻolu loa nā ʻāpana ʻaina māmā o kēia ʻano. Hoʻomaopopo ka pua pua i Iune-Kepakemapa.
Poʻe Kaikua (Nigella orientalis)
ʻAʻole ʻano kaulana kēia ʻano. Ua hoʻonani ʻia lākou me nā moena pua, a ʻo ia mau pua e ulu no ka ʻoki a no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoki maloʻo. He liʻiliʻi nā pua liʻiliʻi a me kēia hua momona.
Nā waiwai Nigella
Hoʻohana ʻia ka nigella (lāʻau lapaʻau nigella) ʻaʻole wale nō e hoʻonani i kahi māla māla. ʻO nā hua o kēia ʻano nigella he lau ʻōpala ʻāmaʻomaʻo a me kahi mea ʻono pepa ʻoi, no laila ua hoʻohana pālahalaha ʻia lākou e like me kahi mea hoʻomoʻa. No ka laʻana, hoʻohui ʻia kēlā mau ʻano i ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka palaoa a me ka berena, i loko o ka holo ʻana i ka wā i ka wā e hana ai i nā lau ʻōpala, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka pauku i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kupa. ʻO nā lau o kēia mea kanu e ʻai ʻia e like me nā greens, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kā lākou he restorative a me tonic hopena. I ke kauwela, hoʻohana ʻia nā lau ia i ka huakai me ka coriander, dill, basil, pālei a me ka chervil.
ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia mea kanu mea makemake wale nō, akā maikaʻi loa ia. No laila, i nā hua o nā nigella lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi kalolo, nā aila pono, vitamina E, ascorbic acid, a me kahi lipase enzyme. Ma muli o kēia, loaʻa kahi laxative, antispasmodic, antifungal, antioxidant, bronchodilator, antiviral, anthelmintic, diuretic, analgesic, antiulcer, antibacterial, antiallergic, antitumor, immunostimulate a choleretic effects. Ua hōʻike ʻia aku lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻīhā, maʻi maʻi periodontal, pyelonephritis, flatulence a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka digestive tract, maʻi hormonal, vegetovascular dystonia, cystitis a me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi. Hiki i kēia mau ʻano ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ke akea a me nā pancreas, a hāmama pū kekahi i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka wā kahiko o ke kino. ʻO kēia mau hua, me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi, e mālama i nā maʻi e like me ka mellitus diabetes, arterial hypertension, epilepsy, asthma, cancer a me ka hoʻohui lāʻau pū kekahi. ʻO ka wai i hana ʻia mai ia mau huaʻaole e kōkua i ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i nā kaʻina metabolic i loko o ke kino a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia i nā mea o nā mea laʻala a me nā meaʻala, a e kōkua pū hoʻi i ka momona.
Kekahi mau kānaka hānai ʻona maikaʻi mai ka lulu ʻana i ka nigella.
- Nigella hua tincture. ^ E Ha yM. Pono e hoʻohui nā hua me ka vodka ma kahi pae o 1: 5. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka huakaʻi hopena ma kahi wahiʻeleʻele no 7 lā. A laila e kānana ʻia ka tincture a waiho i luna o ka pahu o ka friji no ka mālama. No nā maʻi o ka hanu, e inu i kēia tincture o 10-15 kulu.
- Kāpē. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO 200 mg o ka wai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia hou e hui pū ʻia me 1 grama o ka hua nigella. E kū no 15 mau minuke. Pono kēlā wai kīʻaha e inu i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ka lā, ʻo ka mea e loaʻa ai ka laxative, restorative, diuretic a me ka choleretic hopena ma ke kino. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hopena anthelmintic, pono ʻoe e inu i ka liʻiliʻi o 2 lita o kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lā, i ka manawa pono ʻoe eʻai i nā meaʻai momona (herring, bawang, etc.). Hoʻohālikelike kēia mau hua i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o lākou i aneane like me ka pepa ʻeleʻele, akā ʻaʻole lākou hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻao ʻana.
- Nā puaʻa huehue. ^ E Ha yM. Pono ʻoe e 1 kg o ka palaoa, mai kahi āu e pono ai e hoʻomākaukau i ka palaoa ma ka wai. 1,5 kolo ka nui o nā hua nigella i hoʻoili ʻia i loko a ua kāwili maikaʻi nā mea a pau. Pono ke kuke no 40 a 50 mau minuke, a laila e hana iā ia i loko o kaʻaila, i ʻalo ʻia i mau pōpō. Ua hoʻomoʻa ʻia lākou i loko o ka umu, a laila wela hou ʻia i ka ʻaila.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau Nigella i ka hakakā ʻana me nā lāʻau lekiō. E ninini ʻia nā hua i loko o nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻalani paha e hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia. A laila ua kau ʻia nā ʻeke i nā pale ma ka paia. ʻO ka mahalo, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka mea ʻuʻulu o kēia mau ʻano, ʻaʻole wale nō ka mākona, akā nā ʻūlū a me nā nahelehele.
Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i ka nigella kekahi mau contraindications, nā kālā mai nā pua like ʻole i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia:
- ʻākoʻa (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ʻano mai hope aku);
- nā maʻi maʻi thrombophlebitis;
- me ka cholelithiasis;
- me ka maʻi puʻuwai coronary;
- me ka gastritis aʻeha me ka acidity kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mau kālā no ka poʻe me nā kaila transplanted. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo kā lākou e hoʻoikaika i ka kaomi o ke kino, a hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻole ʻana o ka mea kanu implants.
