Ka hana o ka lepo - pehea e hoʻoholo ai a deoxidize

I kekahi manawa hōʻike ka loiloi lepo i ka nui o nā pono o ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole ulu ka mea kanu. He aha ke kumu? Ka mea, aia kekahi kumu kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo ma muli o nā hopena kemikū o ka nui o nā papaʻai o ka hydrogen hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻoholo lākou i ka wai o ka lepo. Ma kahi aniani wai, nui nā lau a me nā mea kanu horticultural ʻaʻole e ulu a ulu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ka hopena i nā mea kanu me nā aʻa kanu. Huli aku ia aia nā mea kanu i ka lepo, akā aia nā aʻa o nā mea "ʻaʻole ʻike lākou iā lākou", hoʻomaka e "pōloli", ʻo ia ka mea e kū lākou me ka ulu a hoʻomohala. Ua lawe ʻia kahi hapa o ka paʻakai ma o ka ua a me ka meli ma kahi o nā palena o ke aʻa o nā mea kanu, ma ka huli ʻana i ka lepo. Hoʻohālikelike ka noi ʻana o kekahi mau minerala e kanu ai i ka lepo. Hoʻonui ka hopena piha i ka lepo o nā kaʻina maikaʻi ʻole, a ma kēia ke kumu, ʻaʻole hoʻohui hou, ʻaʻole i ka irrigation, a i ʻole nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e kōkua ai. Pono ka deoxidized ka ʻāina.

Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wai hoʻomehana a me ka deoxidation

He aha ka manaʻo e hoʻoneʻe i ka lepo?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai e ulu maikaʻi a hoʻoulu wale nō i ka neʻe ole, liʻiliʻi acidic a i ʻole ka mea alkaline lepo. No laila, i mea e hana ai i nā kūlana kūpono no nā mea kanu, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka acidity o ka ʻāina, a i ʻole, e hōʻawale ʻia (me ka deoxidized ka huaʻāina agrochemical).

Ka lepo lepo

Ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā mea kemikolo e hoʻopilikia i ka moʻa o ka lepo. Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waikawa e ke kiʻina pH. Kuhi ka pH i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā mea ʻenemi i ka lepo. E like me nā hualoaʻa o nā hoʻokolohua kemika, ua loaʻa ka nui o ka ʻai i ka mea kanu me nā mea kanu hortikultural ma ka pH = 6.0 ... 7.0. Kuhi ʻia kahi ʻāina pH o 7.0 e nānā ʻole. ʻO nā hōʻailona a pau ma lalo o 7.0 e manaʻo ʻia he acidic a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻolālā kamepiula, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity. E like me ka acidity, ua pā ka nā mea ola i nā mea kanu i ka alkalinity, ma muli o nā mea alkaline i piha i ka lepo. Hōʻike ka Alkalinity i nā waiwai pH ma luna o 7.0 mau unahi (papaʻaina. 1).

ʻO kēlā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka hōʻailona kūlohelohe e hōʻike nei i ka hiki o ke komo ʻana o kekahi mau mea i nā mea kanu, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa a i ʻole, ʻano hoʻi, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mea e lilo ai nā mea kanu a make ka mea kanu.

Papa 1. Nā huahele ma ka mānoanoa

Ka lepo lepo	Nā ʻāpana pH	Nā ʻano ʻāina
ikaika ikaika	3,5 - 4,5	lepo wai, lepo haʻahaʻa
kawa	4,6 - 5,3	peaty, coniferous, pālolo - soddy
ʻāmi hoʻonaninani	5,4 - 6,3	hue, sod
kūono ʻole	6,4 - 7,3	sod, humus, deciduous
palupalu palupalu	7,4 - 8,0	ʻona
alkaline	8,1 - 8,5	ʻona
alkaline loa	8,5 - 9,0	ʻona

Ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka hoʻohuihui lepo me ka ʻenehana kūikawā

He aha ka hopena o ka acidity lepo?

Ka hopena o ka waikawa o ka lepo e hiki i ka mea pane, loaʻa a loaʻa a hoʻopili i nā mea kanu a nā mea kanu. No laila, ma waena o ka wai me ka moʻo waikawa, ka phosphorus, hao, manganese, zinc, boron a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi maʻalahi a hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau mea kanu. Inā hoʻonui ka nui o nā acidity (pH = 3.5-4.0), a laila ma kahi o nā mea hou aku o ka nui o nā mea kanu, hoʻopau ʻia ka ulu a me ka hana o kā lākou hana. Ma nā lepo momona, hoʻonui ka nui o ka alumini, e pale ai i ka komoʻana o ka phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, a me ka calcium i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā mea i hōʻeha maikaʻi i ka microflora pono e hoʻomaka ai e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻokalakupua i nā mea humic a laila i loko o nā hoʻohui mineral e hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke hoʻopau.

Hoʻopilikia nui ka pae loina ma ka nui o nā kaʻina ola. Mālama i ka assimilation o kekahi makro- a me microelement e pono ai no nā mea kanu. ʻO ka Phosphorus, magnesium, boron a me ka zinc hiki ke ʻae ʻia i nā mea kanu. I loko o kekahi mau mea kanu, ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena kūʻokoʻa: i loko o kahi kaona alkaline, ke aʻa ikaika nei ke ʻano o nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu mineral i hoʻopihapiha ʻia, a hiki i ka huakini.

Ma kahi kūpono, i nā haʻawina agrochemical, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā palena o ka momona o ka ʻāina no nā ʻano like ʻole, nā māla lau a me nā mea kanu pua (Papa 2). No nā mea kanu, ʻo ka mea makemake nui ʻia ka waikawa o ka lepo i loko o ke kūleʻa a i ʻole ka paʻakai (pH = 6.0-7.0).

Palapala 2. ʻO ke ea kiʻekiʻe o ka loina o ka lepo no nā māla ʻai o ka'āina

lepo pH	Inoa o nā mea kanu
5,0 - 6,0	wai, ʻuala, paukena, parsnip, sorrel
5,5 - 7,0	tōmato, ʻōpala keʻokeʻo, kāloti, palaoa, kāleka, kōkato, ʻōpala, parsnip, rhubarb, beets, pī
6,0 - 7,0	huaka, ʻona, ʻaʻala, paukena, spinach, beets beans, eggplants, kākala, lau ʻōpala, Brussels sprout, radishes, zucchini, beets kāloti, ʻaunui, ʻoli, kamato, chives, shallots, leeks, cantaloupe, chicory, kukama, horseradish, spinach, rhubarb
7,0 - 7,8.	cauliflower, artichoke, selery, huila, ʻalaʻa, asparagus, pāhiri
4,0 - 5,0	heather, hydrangea, erica
5,0 - 5,6	juniper
5,0 - 6,0	lāʻau paina
6,0 - 7,0.	1 - kahi lole hoʻonaninani, nā pālule lau nahele a me nā perennials, nā lau nahele 2 - nā huaʻai (plum, cherry)
5,5 - 7,0	lāʻau ʻōpala, lāʻau ʻala ʻala, Pī.
7,0 - 7,8	pupule
4,0 - 5,0	blueberries, cranberry, currants, gooseberries, raspberry
5,0 - 6,0	lily, phlox
5,5 - 7,0	clove, iris, rose
7,0 - 7,8	peony, delphinium

Nā ʻina no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka acidity lepo

I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina kaona a i ʻole mau loa ia, e pono e hana i ka loiloi lepo a hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona hoʻomoʻamiʻina, ka hoʻomakai ʻana, ka pono no ka mālama ʻana e hoʻemi i ka acidity, alkalinity, etc. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻikepili pololei loa me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā ʻike loina no ka loiloi kino. Inā hiki ʻole kēia, pili i ka hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke pae o ka waikawa e nā ʻōnaehana home:

ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana hōʻike litmus o ka pepa;
nā nā nahele e ulu ana ma luna o ka pūnaewele;
kahi hopena o ka papaʻaina papaʻaina;
decoctions o nā lau o kekahi mau huaʻa a me nā māla kīkē;
mea kikoʻī (pH mika a i ʻole ka ʻāina hoʻoilo).

Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka waikawa lepo me ka pepa kuhikuhi

I ka diagonal o ka pūnaewele, ʻohi i nā lua ma ka bayonet no kahi hamole me ka pā nani. Ma ka hohonu holoʻokoʻa o ka paia ʻākau, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana o ka lepo, kāwili i ka kiʻi kiʻi a lawe i kahi ʻōmole i 15-20 g. Me nā ʻōkuhi hōʻailona ma ka pāleka aia kahi nui o nā loli kala me nā waiwai kāleka. Ke hoʻololi nei i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kaula (ʻo ke alahula kala hiki ke ʻano o nā aniani ʻokoʻa):

i ka ʻulaʻula - ka waikawa;
ʻōmaʻomaʻo - medium acid;
ʻeleʻele - ʻehā wai;
kaomi iki aʻe - kūlike;
uliuli ʻaʻano a uliuli.

No ka hoʻoholo pono ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao eleele, hoʻohālikelike i ka heluheluʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu me kahi helu digital (ma ka pepa) e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ka pH.

Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka waikawa lepo e ka ulu ʻana i nā nāu

Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka waikele lepo mai nā lau

Ke ulu nui nei nā lepo momona:

ʻūlū lio;
plantain large and lanceolate;
lulailaka;
mint;
Ivan da Marya;
lāʻau lice
hoʻomehana;
lopa;
poni;
mala lāʻau lāʻau;
puaa pono ʻole;
cinquefoil;
luna kiʻekiʻe;
lupine uliuli;
hoʻoweliweli ʻāwīwī.

Moku ʻia e Alkaline e:

noho a maikaʻi;
poppy hihiu;
pua ʻoka;
fluffy maʻemaʻe;
Nā Leo

Ma ka kūleʻa a ʻona paha ka paʻakai. Ma kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā māla ulu e ulu;

coltsfoot;
pāʻai paʻa;
māka lau;
mahina ʻai ʻai;
Chamomile
ʻulana a me ke kuahiwi mauna;
meadow fescue;
mauʻu palaoa;
quinoa;
make up net;
māla hua lāʻau;
aila lāʻau laila;
ka hoʻokoloke ʻana;
pae maʻa;
kikowaena ulaula.

Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka waikele lepo e hoʻohana ana i nā pono hana

Lika winika

ʻAʻole maopopo kēia wehewehe ʻana, akā e hōʻike ʻia ma ke ala e hana hou ai i ka hana ma ka pūnaewele. Ma ka diagonal o ke kahua, ua ʻohi ʻia lākou ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma kahi o kahi ʻāina. Kīpī ʻia nā hua ʻāina i koho ʻia i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kele liʻiliʻi o ka papa pākaukau (6 a 9% paha). Inā lohe ʻoe i kāna ʻū a a i ka ʻōpala paha "pohō", ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki - ʻo ia ka lepo o ka lepo a kūpono ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻole me ka deoxidation.

Kuhi i hana ʻia mai ka lau lau a i ʻole lau lau

Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau lau me ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana, e ʻūlū a hiki i nā minuke 15-20. E hoʻohui i kahi puʻu o ka honua. Inā huli ka hopena i mua - he lepo ka lepo, hoʻololi i kala i ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo - hiki iā ia ke kūleʻa a alkaline paha.

Ka wai uka (ʻaʻole waina)

Hiki ke hana kēia palapala i ka puna mua a i ka hāʻule wikiwiki paha, i ka wā ʻaʻohe o nā mea uliuli. Kipaku ʻia kahi ʻōmole honua i loko o ke aniani o ka waiʻona. Inā ua hoʻololi ka wai i ka kala a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pelu - he lepo kūlohelohe ka lepo.

ʻOka

I kahi pahu liʻiliʻi, ua mākaukau ka gruel mai ka lepo a me ka wai. Ma luna o ka mea e hoʻohui i ka nui o ka kulu kapu. Aia i kāna mau puana - lepo acidified. Pono ke hoʻoholo aku i ka mahele o ka waikawa ke hana pono i nā ana e pono ai.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hana acidity me nā mea hana kūikawā

Hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena kūpono ma ka home me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea noiʻi: nā mika pH, nā mika ʻona, nā palapala ʻāina. He maʻalahi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou. He lawa ia e hoʻopaʻa i ka probe me ka hopena koi i loko o ka lepo a ma hope o kekahi mau minuke, e hōʻike ʻia ke kuhikuhi o ka pae acidity o ka lepo ma ke kala.

Ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka momona o ka lepo i loko o kahi hale ʻaina kauwela

ʻO ka helu ʻana o ka ʻikepili i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuihui o ka lepo ma lalo o ka mea kanu, ka māla a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ai ʻaʻole pono nā mea kanu āpau. Ke ulu pinepine nei kekahi mau mea kanu a ulu i luna o nā mea waikawa a me nā moʻa waikawa. Inā pono e hōʻemi a hōʻemi paha i ka makeʻana o ka lepo, a laila hoʻohana ʻia nā deoxidizer.

Hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lepo ke hana:

lula;
ʻohiʻā ʻoe;
ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu pua,
deoxidizing nā mākaʻi.

ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka deoxidizing i ka lepo ka:

flimey lime;
dolomite (limestone) palaoa;
lake limimo (drywall);
ʻōpala;
lehu lua;
lae elele;
nā ʻōpiha;
ʻo nā mea hoʻonaninaka deoxidizing.

Lime ka hana

Ma mua o ka hoʻomau ʻana me ka deoxidation o ka lepo, pono ia i ke pānaʻi i ka wahi loko o ke kauwela a koho i nā wahi no ka māla, ke kumu ʻoni, ke kīhāpai, ke kīhāpai mākelē, hale ʻāina me ka outbuildings, kahi kākā, ke kahua ʻoluʻolu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E koho i nā mea e nānā pono ʻia no ka acidity. E hoʻāʻo a, ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity lepo o nā wahi i koho ʻia, hoʻomau me ke hoʻoponopono.

ʻO ka hana maʻamau o ka deoxidation ka limima me ka lime slaked, fluff, dolomite palaoa, pākuhi, lake lime (drywall). Mamuli o ke ʻano o ka lepo a me ka pae o ka acidification, nā ʻano like o nā noi o ka limestone (Papa 3).

Palapala 3. Deoxidation o nā lepo ma ka palena

Ka hana	pH	Lime fluff, kg / sq. m	ʻO ka palaoa Dolomite, kg / sq. m	Lime fluff, kg / sq. m	ʻO ka palaoa Dolomite, kahi maloʻo, kapikala, kg / sq. m
Ka hana	pH	Palapala a me nā kala momona		ʻO ka lole o Sandy a me ke kāʻei o ka ʻāina loamy
mea hāpono	3,5 - 4,5	0,5 - 0,75	0,5 - 0,6	0,30 - 0,40	0,30 - 0,35
kawa	4,6 - 5,3	0,4 - 0,45	0,45 - 0,5	0,25 - 0,30	0,20 - 0,25
ʻāmi hoʻonaninani	5,4 - 6,3	0,25 - 0,35	0,35 - 0,45	0,20 - 0,40	0,10 - 0,20
kūono ʻole	6,4 - 7,3	mai koe o ka lime	mai koe o ka lime	mai koe o ka lime

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻeleʻele i waikawa ʻia ma nā lepo kaumaha ma hope o 5-7 mau makahiki, ma nā ʻāpana māmā ma hope o 4-5 a me nā lepo peaty ma hope o 3 mau makahiki. Hoʻokomo ka hohonu o ka palena i ka pae ʻāina 20-sentimeter. Inā hoʻokomoʻia ka lime ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila aia wale kahi layer 5-5 cm cm i ka lime. Ke hoʻolele ʻoe i ka lime, e lūlū liʻiliʻi ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka lepo. Manea ʻia e hoʻoinu i ka lepo ma hope o ka noi. E hele ka lepo deoxidized i kahi hopena kūlohelohe i 2-3 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka lime ka deoxidizer paʻakikī a, me kahi kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lepo, hiki ke puhi i nā aʻa lāʻau kanu. No laila, limu ke hana ʻia ma lalo o ka eli ʻana i ka hāʻule. I ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, e hoʻopili ka lime me nā waika o ka lepo a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe a hōʻemi i ka hopena maikaʻi i nā mea kanu. I kēia mea, ʻike ka palaoa a dolomite a me nā ʻōpio i nā deoxidants o nā mea kanu palekana. Mālama ia e hoʻohana iā lākou no ka deoxidation i loko o ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e pani ai i ka makomi.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lime no ka noi ʻana ma nā lepo lepo kaumaha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka palaoa a me ka limu Dolomite ma nā pāpū a me ka pala. Hoʻopili ka Dolomite i ka lepo me ka magnesium, potasi, kalima, a me nā mea maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka drywall i kona hopena ma ka deoxidation o ka lepo eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka palaoa dolomite.

E hoʻomanaʻo! ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka hoʻomohala palapala. Ke bred nei lākou i ka manawa: deoxidation i ka hāʻule, kanu i ka puna. A i ʻole, superphosphate, urea, amonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate a me nā mea kino ʻē aʻe i komo i loko o nā pūhui like ʻole e hoʻopilikia pili i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu.

Deoxidation o ka lepo e ka lehu palapala

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lepo ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana

ʻO nā mea waiwai o ka lehu, ka lepo a me ka lāʻau (lāʻau) lehu i hoʻohana no ka deoxidizing i ka lepo.

ʻO ka lehu ahi kahi deoxidizer maoli nani. ʻO ka helu noi noi no ka deoxidation nui he 0.6 kg / sq. m square. Inā kapa ia he deoxidizer hou i ka makahiki aʻe ma hope o ka papa nui, i hana ʻia e ka helu deoxidation piha ʻole, a laila lilo ka lehu i mau 0.1-0.2 kg / sq. m. Pono ke ʻano o ka lehu lāʻau i ka hāʻule a ʻaʻole i kāwili ʻia me nā mea kanu. Ma ke ʻano alkali ikaika, e komo i loko o nā ʻano kemika me nā huaʻai lepo, ka unuhi ʻana iā lākou i kahi ʻano hiki ʻole i ka lāʻau. No laila, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo me ka lehu, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka lehu Peat ua ʻoi aku ka ilihune ma nā mea ikaika i hana i loko o nā hopena kūlohelohe me nā waikawa lepo. No laila, ke hoʻonui ʻia nei nā palapala noi a lehu i nā manawa he 3-4 me ka noi nui a me nā manawa 1.5-2.0 me nā mea hou. Hoʻohālikelike nā rula noi palapala i ka limoha.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka deoxidation o ka lepo

E hoʻolele i ka lepo, hoʻohana kekahi o nā māla i nā mea kanu manure. Pulu ʻia i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokahi a me nā mea kanu pālua me kā lākou hohonu komo i ka lepo. Ka hoʻohālikelike i ka biomass ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui, hoʻomaikaʻi lākou i ka manure, nona ka waiwai me ka deoxidizing. No nā siderates, nā waiwai o nā mea deoxidizing agents:

lupine;
alfalfa;
phacelia;
oats;
rai
huʻihuʻi;
vetch

Ma keʻano ākea, nā siderates a pau, e hoʻonui ana i nā manaʻo o ka mea kūlohelohe i ka lepo, e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka acidity lepo. Hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻike hou loa e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻatikala “ʻO kēia ʻano hiu puaʻa e lūlū ma mua o ke hoʻoilo.” ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo ma ke ʻano o ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka ʻano manure. E lilo ka lepo, momona, me nā kūmole kūpaʻa me ka ʻole pono o ka deoxidants.

Deoxidation o ka lepo e ka māi mane

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻana me ka lepo

ʻO ka mea i hala koke nei, ua puka pū nā mea hoʻonele lepo deoxidizing ma nā hale papa kūʻai. He kūpono lākou e like, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i ka nui o nā hana kūlohelohe.Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou, he hoʻohui i nā mea deoxidizing, ʻoi pū kekahi mau mea pono e hāpai nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā lepo deoxidized: