Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kīhāpai a i kona kihi ponoʻī paha nā ʻano: hiki iā ia ke wehe a mālamalama maoli, ʻāpana ʻole a ʻoliʻoli loa, maloʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, he mau palapala o ka ʻano like ʻole a me ka acidity. Akā ʻo ke ʻano o nā kūlana i ke kahua, hiki ʻole ke kīlei o ke kīhāpai i waho me nā moena pua a me nā hoʻonohonoho pua.
He mau pua i hoʻopiha ai i ka māla lauhele me ka māmā? He aha e kanu ai ma kahi papa me ka lepo maloʻo a maikaʻi hoʻi? He aha ka pua pua e hoʻonani ai i ka ʻūhū e mālo ʻia o ka loko? He aha e ulu ana ma luna o ka heʻe papa i hala? Pehea e kau ai i nā mea kanu i ka māla pua? Kēia mau nīnau e kūleʻa ʻia ma ke māla, ʻoi aku nā poʻe hoʻomaka.
Mau ka pua ma ka pale
ʻAʻole he nui o ka nui o ka māla, aia mau kihi mau kukui. Hoʻohala ʻia ke aniani e ka hale, outbuildings, ka pā o ke kahua. I kekahi manawa ma waena o nā hale wale nō he kiko hali o ka ʻāina, e kaawale ana ka lā. Hāʻawi nā lāʻau nui i ka paʻa o ka pūnaewele, akā i ka manawa like me ka nānā ʻana iā ia. Noho ka wā, e ulu ka māla āu i kanu ai, a i ka lā, ka mea ʻoi nā wahi kūpono loa e hana ai i kahi māla pua e lilo a emi ʻia. ʻO kēia pilikia ka mea maʻamau loa no ka poʻe o nā ʻāpana ʻāina palupulu liʻiliʻi, kahi āu e makemake ai e kau i kahi māla, māla, a me kahi māla pua nani. . ^ E Ha yM.
Mau ka pua ma ka paleʻO ka luli ʻana o ka honua ka hopena ʻaʻole wale no ka nalowale ʻana o ka wahi hoʻohana. ʻO kahi mauʻu i nā wahi hūnā ma ke kahe, kī ʻole, a me nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi āpau e ulu mai ana ma luna o lākou, a ʻo ka manawa āpau i lilo ai ka lūlū i mea e pōʻino ai ka māla. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e koho i nā mea kanu no ka hoʻonani ʻana i kahi pūnaewele.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pūnaewele a me ke koho i nā mea kanu
I mea e koho ai i ka hui kūpono o nā lau lau a me ka maikaʻi o nā pua a me nā mea kanu keu no kou mākaukau, pono ʻoe e loiloi i ka pae o ka shading a me ka makema. ʻImi ʻia ke ʻano o ka shading, i ʻike ʻia e like me ka manawa a me ka manawa o ka lā. No ka laʻana, i ka mahina mua, ma lalo o nā lei o nā kumulāʻau deciduous, nui ka manaʻo, a hoʻomaka kēia e ulu i nā pua kumulāʻau ma ʻaneʻi, kahi manawa e pua a ma mua o ka pua pua e uhi ai i ka lā.
Ma nā wahi me kahi kākole pōkole, ʻaʻole e hana, ka mea i nānā ka lā ma mua o ʻelua mau hola i ka lā. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻomohala ʻia nā puʻukū ʻia e nā hale, nā māla ākea o nā spruce a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, nā ʻoka, nā ʻano pāpaʻi ākea, ma lalo o nā pāpale o nā pā o nā ʻano lāʻau i ulu nui ʻia a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala, nā pua, hawthorn). I loko o ia mau wahi e kūkulu ana i kahi mikoleka ponoʻī. I ke kauwela, he liʻiliʻi nā haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā, haʻahaʻa hohonu o ka ea, ʻaʻohe makani, a hoʻoheheʻe iki hoʻi ka hau ma ka wai.
Hāʻawi nā kumulāʻau i nā kukui a i ʻole ka pale ʻāpana: birch, cherry, ash mountain, cherry bird, sea buckthorn, lehu, maples liʻiliʻi-ʻele. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole e ʻike ʻia i nā wahi me nā lāʻau ākea ākea, i ka wā e ʻōpio ana nā mea kanu a ʻaʻole i pani nā lei. E like me ke kānāwai, ua ʻike ʻia ka uhi ʻana loa ma ʻaneʻi i ke awakea, a ma ka laulā he mea kūpono maikaʻi loa i hoʻokumu ʻia no nā mea kanu. Noho aliʻi ʻo Penumbra ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāpana nui o nā kumulāʻau, nā lae ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina a me ke komohana o nā hale.
ʻAʻole huna wale nā kalana o nā lāʻau i ka wahi, akā e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka wai i komo i ka lepo i ka wā hoʻo. I ka manawa like, hoʻākoakoa nā aʻa o nā lāʻau i ka wai, a me ka hala ʻole o ka māmā, ua kūlohelo nā mea kanu e nā lāʻau i ka wai ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui nā ka hohonu o ka pūnaewele no ke koho ʻana i ka nui o nā mea kanu, no ka mea, ʻo ka hapanui o nā pale a ke aloha a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i makemake nui i ka nui o ka umu. Pono ka pilikia o ka nele o ka wai i nā wahi me ka lepo lepo.
Mau ka pua ma ka paleʻO ka hapa nui o nā pale - ʻoluʻolu a me nā mea kanu aloha i makemake ʻia ma ka lepo o ka ʻāina.
Pono pono ia e mālama pono i nā lāʻau i hoʻokumu i ke anuanu, inā koa ʻo ia kāu pūnaewele ma ka nahele a i ʻole nā palena o ia mea.
E like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ka puna e hoʻonui i ke aka nani a me ka neʻe ʻole. Ma lalo o ke canopy o kēia mau lāʻau, i lalo o ka wai e hoʻohui ai, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ferns a me ka astilbe. Hoʻoulu ʻo ka momona atiwort a me nā pua nani i ka nani, ke kūleʻa nei i nā aʻala maikaʻi, ke waiho nei i nā lau ternate nani i ka manawa holo a pua pua i ka mahina o Iune me nā pua melemele, keʻokeʻo a ʻala paha. I ka manawa like, huehue i ka waikawa hui me nā mea ulu o nā perennials ʻē aʻe, me ka ʻike ʻole i ka lilia o ke awāwa, e ulu pono ana i lalo o nā lāʻau ahi a me ke hui pū me ka waiʻona. Inā uhi nā lāʻau pua i ka pā mai ke kūkulu ʻākau, a laila ma lalo o ko lākou pale ʻana, no ka laʻana, hiki ke ulu a pua nā lilia.
Hoʻokumu pū ʻo Oaks i kahi aka nani loa. ʻO nā nahele ʻo Oak kahi mau ʻāina me ka lepo momona. Hoʻoulu nui nā lau ma ʻaneʻi, kahi e kū nei i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no nā mea kanu, muscari, corydalis, spring anemones, a me nā lāʻau umbilical, pachisander. Ke lalo o nā ʻaka, ua pua nui ke lilia o ke awāwa. ʻO nā lau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kūpono i nā lau kukui o ke kanikela Kanada, ko lākou mau hui e hoʻopiha i ka monard ʻulaʻula pua e ulu ana mai ʻAukake a Kepakemapa. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ʻoka spiked ma lalo o nā ʻalā, a me nā daisies, dentate, pūnāwai, Iapana a me nā hua wai puna nā mea kanu ʻia ma kona kua. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu o kēia hana mai ka waena oʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. ʻO Astilbe, nā mea hoʻokalakupā, nā mea holo ʻaka, nā mea ʻala, ka buzulnik, dicenter, nā cohosh ʻoliki e ulu maikaʻi ma lalo o nā mea ioka. Kūlike nā kūlana like ma lalo o ke kuʻi o nā palapala palapala.
Hāʻawi nā lāʻau Birch i kahi pale pale a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka lepo, ʻoiai e maloʻo nui ʻia ma lalo o lākou. Maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā lāʻau, nā lilia o ke awāwa, nā kīkaha, hoʻopoina-me-nots, violets, medunits, periwinkle, ʻōpū pūwili, pū me nā bluebells a me muscari. Aia i ka malu o kahi māla birch e kanu maikaʻi nā mea kanu me nā pua uliuli a me ka lilac-pink. ʻO nā kālena i hana ʻia mai ka tiarella, kahi mea hoʻonaninani i ka wā o ka wā pua, nani i lalo o nā lāʻau birch.
Kekahi māla (Shady māla)ʻO nā kumana pine i kahi pale pale. Eia, nāʻaila bracken, nā mea kanu bulbous, medunitsa, lumbago, bluebells, stonecrop ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi. E kūlike i ka hope o nā ʻano o nā pine, ka melemele a me nā pua ʻulaʻula o ka goryanka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka moena pua i kahi wahi maloʻo
ʻIke ʻia he wahi pōkole kēlā i kahi pōleʻa no kahi mea mālama lāʻau. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia inā inā hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻia ka lepo o kāu pūnaewele a paʻa i ka humuhū a pale, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, i ka wā kauwela ua hiki nō ke inu pinepine i ka māla pua. pua ʻana, a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pua a me nā pua. I nā wahi maloʻo, ʻeleʻele ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina, kīnā ʻole, hiki ke loaʻa ka māi. Hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāina like ʻole i mālama ʻia no ka māla pua ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka papakū o luna ma kahi hohonu o 40 a 50 cm a hoʻopiha i ka lalo me ka lepo ʻoi aku ka lepo, ka lepo lepo me kahi papa o 10-15 cm. Eia nō naʻe, inā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole hiki i kēia hana, a laila no kēia pae ke hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi ʻano o nā mea kanu hiki ke mālama i ka nani a me ka ulu maikaʻi.
Kai KaulanaNā hiʻohiʻona o ka pūnaewele a me ke koho i nā mea kanu
ʻAʻole ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i kahi kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā ʻano like ia he mea maʻamau no nā wahi me ka lepo maikaʻi, a me nā pua pua ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā pā, e haku ʻia ai nā pōhaku ʻeleʻele i wela ʻia i ka lā a i ʻole nā palaho o ka hoʻolaha hema. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hui like i nā wahi i ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai ka kūkulu. Inā he lepo ka lepo, ke one a i ka palaka paha ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea kanu mai ka nele wale nō o ka wai, akā, no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kanu kūpono e lele koke me ka wai i loko o nā papa lalo o ka lepo. Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o kahi ʻāina maloʻo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻomehana wikiwiki ka honua a i ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka ka ulu a me ka pua o nā mea kanu ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika o ka makika o ka lepo, pono ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna kūkulu i kahi hohonu o ka liʻiliʻi o 40 cm, a pili pū kēia me nā mea waiwai a me nā kumu pilikino. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi ʻia e ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūpono kūpono no ia mau ʻano ulu. ʻO kēia nā mea mua, nā ʻano o nā ʻano kumu o ke Kaiāulu, me nā ʻano o nā ʻano o ka stony a me nā lau maloʻo o ʻAmelika Hema. Hāʻawi kēia mau "poʻe hoʻomana i ka lā" i ka hiʻohiʻona, no ka laʻana, he nui nā lau poli, nā lau ʻā pinepine.
Kai KaulanaʻO ka moena pua i kahi wahi wai
ʻO kahi kahe a kahi kai paha e kokoke ana i kou papa māla i hāʻawi ia i kahi mea aloha a hoʻomaha i ka hoʻomaha ma ke kua'āina iʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa, maikaʻi i ke kauwela. Eia naʻe, ma kēlā pūnaewele, e like me ke ʻano lula, ua kokoke ka pae o ka wai hohonu i ka ʻaoʻao o ka lepo, a i loko o ka wai puna hiki ke piʻi i loko o nā poho. ʻAʻole makemake ka hapanui o nā mea kanu maʻamau e pua a ulu ma ka lepo lepo, ʻaʻole aʻa ko lākou aʻa, a hiki iā lākou ke pala. No laila, i mea e ulu ulu ai nā pua i kēia hihia, pono e koho pono i kā lākou assortment. ʻO ka mahele nui i ka mākeke pua i kahi pāna wai wai ʻole e hana ʻia i nā mea kanu manu maikaʻi e maikaʻi ana i ka wā e hoʻomaʻalulu ʻia ana a hiki iā ʻoe ke noho i loko o kahi semi-luberged no kekahi manawa. He mea nui ia no ka lepo ʻole o ka lepo. Eia naʻe, pono i kēia māla pua i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pūnaewele a me ke koho i nā mea kanu
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka nīnau inā hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pae wai, pono e ʻoka i kahi lua me ka hohonu o ke anawaena o 50-60 cm. Inā hōʻiliʻili ka wai i lalo ma lalo o ka manawa, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka umauma ikaika. ʻO kekahi mea e hōʻike i ka hiki ke hōʻike i nā mea kanu o ka nui o ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka geranium meadow, black sedge, palmate a bloated, cotton grass, fireweed, swamp horsetail, marsh marigold, meadowsweet, meadow foxtail.
I kēia hihia, kahi hana maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pūnaewele ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi 'auwaha punahele - kūʻai ka hana a nui ka manawa. Ke koho ʻana i ka nui kūpono o nā mea kanu aloha kūloko a ka makahiki, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonani i ka pūnaewele me ka uku ʻole.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, maʻa mau nā mea maʻamau i ka lā nūnū i ka lā a i ka shading māmā. Aia nō kekahi mau mea kanu e kūpono ʻē aʻe i nā kūlana kukui.
Māla pua pua
He pilikia nui ka ʻāina Acidic i ka wā e hoʻonohonoho ana i kahi māla pua pua. Eia nō naʻe, ke pālahalaha nei kēia ʻano ʻāina i ko mākou ʻāina. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā hamo nui o nā kolamu mineral, me ka wehe ʻana i nā hua a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka calcium a me ka magnesium mai ka lepo. Kīhoihoi ka Acidic, soile sod-podzolic, a me nā ʻeleʻele ma ka palena o ka ulu lāʻau coniferous. ʻAʻole like ka nui o nā mea kanu i kēlā mau ʻano, no ka mea, ʻo ko ka alumina i loaʻa i loko o lākou e hoʻopili i ka komo ʻana i nā aʻa o ke kō, nā pālea, potasiuma, magnesium a me ka phosphorus. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui o ka lepo, i ka nui o ka hana nui o nā huakini o ka lepo i komo i ka hoʻowai ʻole o nā mea kūlohelohe. Ua lūlū ʻia ka ulu a me ka mea i hōʻemi i ko lākou mana e hoʻōla i ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mea kanu i kūpono i ke ola i nā kūlana paʻakikī. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o lākou i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana makana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe iho i ka māla kolepa, ʻoiai aia he mau mea kanu e hiki ke ulu maikaʻi i nā kūlana o ka ikaika ʻole o ka acidification.
Kai KaulanaNā hiʻohiʻona o ka pūnaewele a me ke koho i nā mea kanu
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hakakā e ka pH, i mea e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi pepa hōʻailona a i ʻole mita pH mahina, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ka hale māla. E hoʻoili i ka lepo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pepa kuhikuhi, ua lawe ʻia nā mau ʻāpana i nā wahi like o ka pā a me ka hohonu hohonu, i uhi ʻia i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe a hoʻēmi ʻia i loko o ka moku me ka wai kahe (1: 5 ratio o ka lepo i ka nui o ka wai). Ma hope o 5 mau minuke, ke kāwī ʻia kahi palapala maloʻo o ka pepa kuhikuhi i mau kekona i loko o ka wai a me ka waihoʻoluʻu i paʻi ʻia ai me ke ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā helu pH. I ka manawa like, kahi lepo me ka pH o 3-4.5 e manaʻo ʻia he acidic, kahi pH o ka 4,5-5 ua waikika a me ka pH o 5.1-5.5 e palupalu maloʻo ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau ma waena o Rūsia, nā lepo sod-podzolic, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he pH o 4-5.5, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu o ka acidity lepo.
E kōkua nā mea kanu i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele e hoʻokūkū i ka ʻāina waikawa, e like me ka sphagnum, plunoids, puaʻa lauoho, soddy pike, marshmallow keke, ʻula manu, bog marsh, marsh rosemary, caustic buttercup.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka waikawa waikapu ka palena, ʻo ke kī i kona kūleʻa ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako calareous (laima, dolomite, marl) me ka hāʻule ʻole i ka hāʻule a i ka ʻike koi: mai 1.5 (mau ke one hāpau) a hiki i 4 (lepo lepo) kilo i kēlā me he 10 m2 e hoʻonui i ka pH mahele kikowaena. I nā lepo lepo me ka acidity kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka pilikia e hoʻonā nui ai no nā mea kanu, ma ka hoʻohui i ka lime, ka loamy ground, nā hui a me nā minela. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka lāʻau calcareous ma mua o 1 mm, a ma hope o ka hana ʻana, ua kālai ʻia ka pūnaewele i kahi hohonu o ka emi iho ma ka 20 cm. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e mālama ʻia ka pae kō o ka wai maoli, me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā loina kūlohelohe, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia o nā mea kanu no ka ʻohana legume. ma nā aʻa kahi e loaʻa ai nā nodules kūikawā me nā maʻi hoʻokūkū i ka nitrogen. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ua hoʻololi ka palena i nā waiwai o ka lepo no ka manawa o 10 mau makahiki. E hana hou i kēia hana i nā manawa pinepine ka hāʻule o ka ua ma kou wahi.
Kai KaulanaE hoʻemi i ka acidity o ka lepo, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka liming.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea kanu no kahi māla pua ma kahi pūnaewele me ka lepo waikawa, pono ia e kuhikuhi pono i ka waiwai pH. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu e kanu ai i ka ʻāina ka mea e pili ana i ka neʻe o ka neʻe (pH 5.5-7), a no ka laʻana, he nui nā nīnika o ka Mediterranean ke ʻae i ka ʻāina acidic i kūpono i nā mea ulu e ulu ana mai nā wahi o Iapana a me Tibet.
No laila: ke koho ʻana i kahi nui o nā mea kanu no ka māla pua ma kahi pūnaewele me ka lepo acidic, pono pono e hoʻopili mua i ka waiwai pH.
Ma ka lepo waikawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi māla pua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu e like me ke goldrod, rhubarb, hydrangea, lupine, swimsuits, marsh marigold.
ʻO kahi mana lanakila-lanakila o ka māla pua pua ikaika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia.
Pono ka lepo waikawa e kūpono no nā mea kanu he nui, e komo pū me ka pua, peonies, daisies, astilbe, asters, ageratum, left-left, chrysanthemums, lilia of the valley, spring miniaration, Japanese anemone and buttercup, saxifrage moss and shady, phlox, Lungwort highlanders, greenfinch, palani a ʻo ka ʻōpio a me nā pālahalaha, a me nā ʻano he nui nā fern, ʻoi aku ka male shtitnik a me nā bracken.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻohui i ka wai o ka lepo, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i nā mea nui e like me nā mea kanu e like me ka māmā a me ka haʻahaʻa o kāu pūnaewele. ʻO nā mea kanu e ʻae ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka acidity o ka ʻāina ua kūpono no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā moena pua i nā wahi laupana a i ʻole semi-shady paha.
Mau pua i ka mālaMea i hoʻohana ʻia:
- Zykova V.K., Klimenko Z.K. - Nā moena pua
