ʻO ka pua pua o cicadas (Cycas) kahi inoa kūlike o nā lāʻau pāma hale, kūleʻa maikaʻi i loko o nā conservatories a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Inā e ulu ʻoe i nā cicadas e like me ke aʻo ʻana o nā mea kanu pua aloha, e hoʻonani kēia mea kanu i ka loko i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi. Inā kūpono nā kūlana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala me kā lākou pono, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o nā mea kanu i ʻelua mau makahiki.
Cicas (Cycas) a i ʻole ʻo Cycas i ka ʻohana Cycadoideae. Homeland - Asia Asia
ʻO kēia pūʻulu liʻiliʻi kahi hui o nā mokulele mokulele a me nā subtropical gymnosperms. Aʻo mākou e pili ana iā lākou mai nā moʻolelo o nā mea noiʻi mua o ʻEulopa e hele mamao loa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma ka pō o ka Renaissance. I kēlā mau lā, ʻo ia iho e like me ka wā ma mua, hoʻomaka me ka "makua hua ʻāinana" Theophrastus, ua lawe ʻia ka Cygnus i nā lāʻau pāma ma kona ʻano maoli.
ʻO ka inoa inoa inoa o nā māka Asia ma nā mea kanu Cycas a i ʻole ʻo Cycas mai ka hua ʻōlelo Helene kykas - palma.
ʻO ka hana hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlana o ka Cygnus i ka ʻoihana phylogenetic o nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokani ʻia e ka hana maʻamau o ka mea punahele German Wilhelm Hoffmeister (1851). Hālau pono ka Hofmeister i nā mīkini i ka hanana ("mai spores a spores") i nā mea kiʻekiʻe mai nā bryophyte a i nā conifers. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka mea i kapa ʻia nā "corpuscles" o nā gymnosperma e pili ana i ka archegonia o bryophytes, ferns, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a me ka hopena o ka hua i ka gametophyte wahine. No laila, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka manaʻo o ka hohonu o ka hohonu ma waena o "spore" a me nā mea kanu hua kanu.
Eia kekahi, wānana nui ka Hoffmeister i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka spermatozoa cypress. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia wānana i ka manawa o ka hapalua o hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope, i ka makahiki 1896, kokoke like me ka Japanese Japanese ʻapapa S. Hiraze, a laila S. Ikeno, polyhagous spermatozoa i loaʻa i ka ginkgo a me Cycas revoluta, kēlā. Ua hoʻoholo kēia mau wahi i ka wahi o ka Cycas i waena o nā mea kiʻekiʻe, e like me kekahi o nā pūʻulu kahiko o nā gymnosperms.
ʻO ka huina o nā hua like Cycas, i hui pū ʻia e nā ʻenehana he ʻumi, e like me ka ʻike hou ʻana, ua kokoke ma kahi o 120-130. Ka mea, e like me nā waiwai waiwai nui ma waena o nā gymnosperms, lawe nā pālea i ka lua o ka wahi ma hope o conifers.
ʻO ka koho ʻana o nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Cycas
Loaʻa ka Cycas i nā wahi a pau o ka honua, koe wale nō ʻo Europe a me Antarctica. ʻO ka ʻohana American Cypress kahi o ka hānau keiki keiki:
Zamia
Ceratosamia (Ceratozamia)
Dioon (Dioon)
Hoʻolālā Microcicas (Microcycas).
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Africa Cypresses e ka hānau keiki:
Encephalarthos (Encephalartos)
Stangeria (Stangeria).
Ma ka hope loa, ʻo kahi ākea ka nui (Australia, Hema a me ʻAsika Hema, nā mokupuni o Inia a me ka Pākīpika Moana) noho ʻia e nā ʻanoʻano genus Cygnus.
Macrosamia (Macrozamia)
Lepidosamia (Lepidozamia)
Poloke (Bowenia).
O nā mea hope loa, ua ʻike ʻia ka cycad ma ke komohana o ʻApelika, e hālāwai ana ma Hawaiʻi. Hāpai ka Cycas, akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻApelika, i ka muliwai ʻo Zambezi Delta, akā, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo ai, ua lawe ʻia mai ia i kēia manawa i hala.
ʻO kahi mea nui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano like o ka cycas ka mea e hoʻopuni ai i nā ʻāpana moana o nā konana.
Kūleʻa ka Cycas i ka hapanui o nā hihia: ua loaʻa iā lākou he mau naʻono ʻole, ka hīmeni ʻana a ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi paha. Aia wale kekahi mau holoholona i loaʻa, a laila ma nā wahi, i ka nui, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā i nā kaiāulu. Pili ke pili, i ka laʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ka drooping. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Ryukyu (Iapana) kahi ma aneane, ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai, ākea ka aneane mauʻu palupalu, e lilo ana i mea kanu lāʻau. Ma ʻĀsia o Australia, he nui nā ʻano macrosamia i nā kaiāulu.
ʻOi aku ka maʻi o ka Cycas i ka ulu lāʻau ulu evergreen sclerophilous a me nā mea kanu, e like me nā wahi like me ka physiognomically, akā like ʻole i ka māhele: me ka mana o nā lāʻau ʻukaleka ma Australia, nā ʻenā evergreen i ʻAmelika, nā mea kanu sclerophilous ma ʻApelika.
Ma nā kahakai o ke kai, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka Cycas i nā pali pōhaku, e like me ka Cycling Suspending ma Iapana, akā, ma nā kai kūʻai kai hoʻi.
No laila, ea Madagascar Cycas Tuara (Cycas thyarsii) ʻO ia kahi mahele i ke kanu ʻana o Barringtonia.
Rikani Kūlana (C. rumphii) ka liʻi i ka littoral zone o nā mokupuni o ʻĀina Pae.
ʻO Florida ʻO Florida (Zamia floridana) ua loaʻa ma nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā lau cicas a me nā kiʻi o nā lāʻau pāma i ka manawa pua
ʻO Cycas, ʻo Cycas, kahi moʻomeheu o nā gymnosperms mai ka papa ʻo Cycas. Ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano puʻupuʻu i kahele ʻia mai Madagascar a me Comoros i ka hema a me ka hema. Asia, Australia a me Polenekia. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa he 2 mau ʻōiwi, nūnū i ko Asia Hema.
Ka neʻe nui a Cicas, a i ole cochlear (C. circinalis), i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ka pāma sago.
Hōʻalo ʻia ʻo Cicas, a i ole hoohiko (C. revoluta)ke kanu ʻia i ka USSR ma ke ʻano he mea kanu i kā ke Kai Kūʻai o ka Caucasus.
ʻO Cycas, ʻo Cycas wale nō ke ʻano o nā subfamily. No nā ʻumi heʻumi o ka ʻohana, ua loaʻa ka laulā ākea loa, ke hōʻike ʻia nei e nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua (ma Asia, Australia), a me nā mokupuni nui o India a me ka Pākīpika. ʻO ke kikowaena o ka nui loa o ka moʻomeheu o ʻAsia Hikina, kahi e kū pono ai kahi 11 o kāna mau ʻano.
Kālā ke kanu lāʻau ʻoi aku ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai aia kekahi o lākou i ka manawa 10- a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe 15 mau mika. ʻO ka ʻōpala cygnus, ʻaʻahu ʻia i ke kākā mai nā kumu o nā lau make, ka lei ʻia me ka ʻoka o ka cirrus (ma nā hihia loaʻa ʻole, ʻelua mau cirrus), i waenakonu o nā ʻāpana, kahi mau mea ikaika ka nui o ka vein. A ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā lau o ka cycad ko lākou mau ʻāpana he cochlearly liki i ka ʻili a me ka wā mua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
I nā kāne, kū ka microstrobils, e like me nā polipona ʻē aʻe, akā i ka wahine, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia nā strobiles paʻakikī. I ka piko o kā lākou ala, e hoʻopuka ʻia ana kahi “kolo” maikaʻi o nā kihila hoʻonohonoho i hoʻolalelale ʻia a me nā lipasporophyll lau lau nui
Tsikas, aiʻole cycad, boxwood, buksus - ka mea kanu kahiko ma ka lewa. He kū like ʻole a waho ke kūwaho pākoki loloa. ʻO ka lau ololi lau perennial palemole e lohi pinepine i nā mea kanu dioecious. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻōpala me kahi pana nui. Nui nā lau e ulu a puni ka makahiki.
E like me ka ʻike ma ke kiʻi, ua hiki nā lau o nā cicas i loko i ka lōʻihi o 50 cm:
Mālama ʻia nā lau no kekahi mau makahiki.
Hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mea kanu lāʻau, he lei aliʻi nani, kūhā. Ke ʻoki ʻia, hāʻawi lākou iā ia i nā ʻano like ʻole e lōʻihi.
I loko o ka floriculture o loko, ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka boxwood evergreen, a hiki i ke 50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Ke ulu lohi neiʻo ia. Hoʻopili nā lālā pololei. Loaʻa i nā lau ʻonaʻeleʻele kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o lalo ma lalo nei.
I ka hale, hoʻoulu nui ia. I ka manawa pua, hāʻawi ka cicada i nā pua liʻiliʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea i ʻohiʻohi ʻia ma loko o ka inflorescences.
Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau kiʻi pua i nā pua o nā cicas:
He liʻiliʻi ka hua, ma ke ʻano o ka pahu spherical. Ke ulu o nā māla, ua hāmama nā kīwaha. E kūleʻa ana ka mea kanu i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki.
Nā Mīkini Cycas (Cycas)
Puhi maikaʻi ka moʻohelu ʻAropa; ʻo ia mai 8 a 20 i kāna mau lāʻau (ʻo ka helu hope loa e kokoke kokoke i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo).
ʻO nā ʻano nui like ʻepala o:
ʻCaslelo Kanekele, a i ole cochlear (C. circinnalis)
Cycas (C. neocaledonica)
Kālā (C. revoluta).
ʻO ka ʻoi loa i ʻike ʻia ma waho o ke kumu o ka ulu kūlohelohe, ʻo ka Cyclover drooping. Ma USSR, he maʻamau maʻamau i ka moʻomeheu i loko o nā māla a me nā paka o ke kahakai ʻo ke Kai Kūʻai o Caucasus (i kahi liʻiliʻi aku ʻo Crimea). Maanei hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā mea kanu ulu ʻole a i ʻole ma nā hui liʻiliʻi i nā papapa, a me nā mea āpau. Mai Gagra a Batumi, ua ulu ʻia i waho me ka ʻole o ka pale kūikawā no ka hoʻoilo, a ma lalo o nā kūlana o Batumi hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuka i nā hua a ʻōpō. North o Gagra, ua loaʻa i kēia lāʻau subtropical mai lalo haʻahaʻa: ua pōʻino nā lau i ka -4 ° C.
Kālā - kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me ka lāʻau pāma, a hiki i ka 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole lōʻihi 3 m (ʻekahi lōʻihi a hiki i 8 m), akā me kahi ulu lāʻau nui, i kekahi manawa e pili ana 1 m mauʻu a me kahi lei aliʻi i ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā lau ʻeleʻele kūlohelohe e like me nā miniatur e like me nā cypresses ʻē aʻe. e kū kū'ē i ka ʻina ke kumu o ka megasporophyll melemele me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka wahi hānau o kēia mea kanu nani he subtronic Hema Iapana (Kyushu a me Ryukyu Islands), kahi e hana pinepine ai nā makika nui, kahi e hoʻopili mau ʻia ana.
Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻawa, ka drooping, no laila paʻa ʻia i loko o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, curica cycas (C. circinalis) - nā mea like loa ma waena o nā cycas i ka laulā: he nui ka nui, e kū ana mai ka hikina a i ke komohana mai nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika a i nā mokupuni ʻo Mascarene e kokoke kokoke ana i Hawaiʻi.
Curcas Cycas - kahi mea kanu nani a nani loa, a hiki i ka 8 m ke kiʻekiʻe. He hiʻohiʻona lōʻihi ia, nā lau ʻūʻeleʻele. ʻO nā lau ʻōpio wale nō ka mea i mālama ʻia ma ka lāʻau. He moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi kēia Cycas a me nā subtropics, kahi e ulu ai ia i nā māla a me nā māla botanical. Hoʻomaka wale ʻia ka mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala (nā ʻōpala), i hana ʻia i ka nui o ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole lūlū ʻia nā hua kanu kiki ʻia e nā hua kanu e like me ka mea leʻaleʻa o nā cone kāne, pono ia no ka ʻaina.
I waena o nā ʻano mea kokoke i ka Cycas Kālā (Cthouarsii).
ʻO ia ka mea i kū i ke komohana o ka ʻano nui i ka nohona ma nā wahi kai ma lalo o ke kuahiwi o Barringtonia (Barringtonia speciosa) o ka myrtle. ʻO ka kolana, e hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka ʻōpala o Cyclocyx ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 m, a ʻōlelo ʻia nā hua a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka hua manu. Ma hope o kēia cycad i loko o nā mea kanu mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "barringtonia", ma nā kaila kahakai hiki ke ʻike i ke "kaulana o nā mākaʻikaʻi" - ka like ʻo ka Hawaiʻi i ka, pandanus, a niu niu, a ma kona ʻōpala ua kū i kahi orchid e noho nei - ʻo vanilla ʻo Madagascar, aia i loko o nā honu ma waena o nā kumu kumu lau no kona pili.
ʻO nā ʻano o Cycas ʻokoʻa maikaʻi i ke ʻano o megasporophylls.
E pili kēia i nā Cycas pectinata, kahi i loaʻa ai kona inoa crestate cygnus - ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o ka pā megasporophyll, e hoʻohālike e like me kahi crest o kahi moa.
ʻO kēia kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi, e ulu ana ma nā puʻu a me nā pāpū o India, Bangladesh, Burma a me South Vietnam, hūnā ma lalo o kona lei aliʻi kahiko, he lau e waiho ana i lalo o ka ʻala.
ʻO kekahi o nā luna kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻano ʻano Ka Kūlana Kanaka (C. rumphii).
Ma kekahi mau wahi o ka ulu ulu, e hōʻea ana ma ka 15 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Noho ʻo Rumfa Cygnus ma nā ʻāina āpau o Sri Lanka, ma nā kahakai o Andaman lāua ʻo Nicobar, ma nā mokupuni o Sulawesi, Java a me New Guinea a he moʻomeheu maʻamau o ʻAsia ʻAmelika.
Pālā Cyclone (C. inermis) nona kekahi o nā māka o nā ʻano Vietnamese o ka ʻano.
ʻO ka mea mua loa, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano cycad i 1793 e ka botanist Pokoti Loureiro. He ʻokoʻa kēia cycad i kona mau hoahānau ʻē aʻe i ka ʻole o ke kakalaioa ma ka petiole lau. Ma lalo o ka lei aliʻi o nā mea kanu wahine, ʻano like kahi kapa "polar", i kāʻili ʻia me nā ʻula ʻulaʻula, he mea like like me nā hua waina.
Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mea kanu i Vietnam, kona mau wahi kahakai. Noho ʻo ia ma luna o nā kahe o nā mauna, nā pali kiʻekiʻe a ma waena o nā kumulāʻau o nā lāʻau.
ʻO nā ʻano cicasis ʻehā o Australia, pono ka nānā pono Dōlā launa (C. media).
ʻEā mau manawa e loaʻa ai ma kekahi mau wahi o kona ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ke kahiki kahiki o Aulalia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike, ʻo nā hua o kēia cycad i ka makahiki hope ua lilo loa ia nā huahana kī mua a nā kamaʻāina. Ua hōʻiliʻili wale ʻia nā hua ʻai ʻana ma ka Puke ʻo Arnhemland (ʻĀkelika Australia) i ʻelua mau tonona. ʻO kēia ka lāʻau ulu lāʻau pāmaʻi (ʻo ka lōʻihi ma 7 m) ka mea i hāpai i ka manaʻo o nā poʻe komo o ka hele mua o ka honua a James Cook.
ʻO ka mea aʻe e wehewehe nei pehea e mālama ai i nā cicas ma ka home.
Pehea e ulu ai i cicada a pehea e mālama ai i kahi lāʻau niu ma ka home: hoʻohāinu a me ka hānai
ʻO kahi kūmole cicada kūloko. ʻO ka mea nui loa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe. I ke kauwela, he 18-30 mau kiʻekiʻe ka ea o ka ea, i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole pono e hoʻemi ma lalo o 10-12 degere. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau pāma, pono kahi honu cicada i kahi mahana o 10-12 ° C, a i ka mālama ʻana i ka cicas curled, pono ia o 16-18 ° C.
Kūleʻa ka Cycas i ka kukui. I ka mālama pono ʻana i nā cicas pono, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o nā māla lau loea, pono e kau ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā lumi hāwila maikaʻi.
I ke kauwela, pono ka nui o ka mea kanu; i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wai o nā cicas. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i ka maloʻo o nā lumi kūloko, e pono mau ia i ka pīpī.
I ka mālama pono ʻana i ka palma o cicadas i ka home, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi substrate o ka pālika palapala-turf a me ka lau lau, pit, humus a me ka one (2: 1: 1: 1: 1). Noho lōʻihi ʻo Tsikas, akā ulu lohi loa.
Hoʻolohe Ke mālama nei i kahi home house, cicada mai poina e lilo nā mea āpau o ka pāma i ka mea make!
Pono ia e hānai me nā mea kanu organik, i ka manawa o ka ulu ikaika o 2 mau manawa i ka mahina.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ʻia ka pua o loko o cicas. Hoʻopili ʻia ka cycad a hiki i 5 mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki; i nā koina makua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kahua kiʻekiʻe o ka honua. Pono e kanu i ka mea kanu i ka pūnāwai, nā lāʻau pākeke 1 manawa i ka makahiki 3-5.
Ke kanu a hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu pono ʻoe i ka "cone" o ka cycad ma luna o ka honua.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka cicas a me ka pāpaʻi palu ma ka home (me ke wikiō)
I ke kauwela, hiki ke kau i nā cicadas homemade i loko o ka hale noho. Inā maloʻo nā lau o ka mea kanu, a laila maloʻo ka lewa. ʻO ka melemele o nā lau, ʻoi loa ia i ka hoʻoilo, he hōʻailona ia o ke kākōkō wai.
ʻO nā pōpoki o loko, akā nui nā mealybug a me nā mea inikini weliweli, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka mea kanu.
"Cones" (nā wana ʻōpio) i ʻike wale i ka mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO nā hua. E hoʻoulu koke i ka mahina a i ʻole ʻelua.
Ke kanu ʻia nā hua cicas ma ka home, pono e lūlū nā hua hou i nā lā 2 i loko o ka wai mahana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā cicas o loko i loko o ka ipuhao me ka lepo lepo. Kūpono ʻia nā hua i ka hohonu o 1 cm, uhi ʻia me nā aniani mai luna. E ulu i kahi ʻōpala o nā hua, pono ʻoe e kau i kahi mahana. E mālama pono i ka mālama cicasa home ma ka mea e pono ai, pono e hoʻāla maikaʻi ʻia ka aniani mai ka manawa i ka manawa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina. I ka puka ʻana o nā hua mua, lawe ʻia ka ipu a kau i kahi wahi māmā. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki ke kanu i ka mea kanu.
ʻO ka Boxwood e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka lāʻau kūloko ma ke ʻano he anti-cancer agent, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā hematomas.
Loaʻa i nā lau i kahi hopena astringent a me ka diuretic. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka palaka gastrointestinal, jaundice, mau makaʻaka. Hana ʻia ʻo Sago mai ke kumu o ka mea kanu, he hopena rejuvenating e kōkua i ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau, akā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou ʻaʻa ma muli o ke kinona o ka mea kanu.
