Nā ʻōpalaʻala

ʻO ka clubub raspberry (Rubus idaeus) kahi mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻōnaeho ʻohana Rubus o ka ʻohana ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohui kēia ʻano holoholona i pili i 600 mau ʻano. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻano ma ka Honua Makahiki, no ka laʻana, ka ʻōlelo mua loa o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻōpala i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kope i ka lā 3 o nā makahiki. BC. ʻO ka manawa mua, ua kanu ʻia nā raspberries ma Western Europe i ka makahiki 16. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, makemake nui nā ʻano lāʻau e ulu ma waena o nā kahawai wai a me nā nahele. I nā kenetere he nui, ʻo kēia mea kanu kekahi o nā huaʻai e makemake ai e ulu i nā māla. I kēia mau lā, hiki i kēia mea kanu ke ʻike i loko o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau māla. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua lāʻau ʻōpala a maikaʻi loa hoʻi i ko lākou pono, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o nā minerala e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka i nā aila a me nā huaora. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia moʻomeheu e kona unpretentiousness. Hiki i kēia mea kanu ke ulu maikaʻi a hāʻawi i nā hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi a hiki i ka neoneo ʻana. Inā mālama pono ʻia ka ʻōpala, e pale iā ia mai ka maʻi e nā maʻi a me nā pōʻino, a e hoʻoulu ʻia nō hoʻi.

Nā hiʻohiʻona Raspberry

I kēia mau lā, makemake nui nā raspberry i waena o ka poʻe māla i nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me ka currants, strawberry, gooseberries, strawberry, blueberries a me nā mea kanu maikaʻi a maʻalahi wale nō hoʻi. I nā manawa pinepine, e ulu ai nā mea kanu i nā raspberry ʻaʻole wale no lākou iho, akā no ke kūʻai aku nō. I kēia mea, ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mea mahiʻai i ka hōʻiliʻili hua momona o nā hua maikaʻi.

ʻO Raspberry maʻamau kahi laka deciduous, ke kiʻekiʻe o kona hiki ke hoʻololi i ka 150 a me 250 kenimika. Kēia mea kanu aia i kahi aʻa ala ma kahi e nui ai nā aʻa o lalo. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hoʻokumuʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana ikaika ulu branched. Hoʻopau ka hua lāʻau. ʻO nā pua ʻōpala o Grassy he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma luna o kā lākou ʻaoʻao aia he pāpaʻi hina a he nui nā pupu liʻiliʻi. Aia i ka lua o ka makahiki, ua lignified a ua paʻi ʻia i nā brown. Ke pau ka lau ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka lau ʻana o kēlā mau lula, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻōpio hou. ʻO nā papa lau o ka lau o nā lauvalola he mau petioles, he paʻakikī, aia nā 3-7 ovate lau. He uliuli ka mua o nā lau, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao, no ka mea he pubescence ma luna. ʻO nā ulu pua racemose apical e pili ana i nā pua keʻokeʻo, aia ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 10 mm paha. Ma ke kānāwai, ulu nā hua hua i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola o nā kumu. ʻO nā hua hua hua liʻiliʻi ʻoiʻu nā mea i ulu a hua i kahi hua paʻakikī, hiki iā lākou ke peʻe i kahi ʻano ʻoniʻoni o kahi ʻāpana raspberry, a me kahi ʻeleʻele burgundy (ma nā ʻano ua ʻāpana blackberry) a i loaʻa paha nā hua melemele. Mahalo i ka hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana, ua hānau ʻia kahi hua lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaka ka hua i loko o ka makahiki mua o ka ulu ʻana, a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua ʻai 2 mai ia manawa i ka wā kau. ʻO Cumanica me blackberry he mau ʻōpala o nā ʻōkōkō e hoʻopōmaikaʻi ana i nā ʻōpala lōʻihi, e hoʻopili ana lākou i ke kākoʻo i nā mea aloha i kau ʻia ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā huaʻehā a me nā aliʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Maʻalahi ka hua lāʻau ulu, akā i mea e loaʻa ai ka hōʻiliʻili nui, pono ʻoe e pili pono i nā lula o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai o kēia moʻomeheu, me ka mālama pono ʻia.

Ke kanu nei i nā ʻōpala ma kahi ākea

ʻO ka wā e kanu ai

Hiki i nā mea kanu ma nā wahi ākea ke hana ʻia i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū (Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa). Pono e kua ka ʻāina kūpono. I ka ulu ʻana o kēia moʻomeheu i kahi ulaula, a laila ma muli o ka noke ʻole o ka māmā, ʻā nā pōpō ʻōpio i kekahi manawa i ko lākou nānā ʻole i nā hua kumu. Loaʻa nā ʻano hua ʻōpala like ʻole i kā lākou ʻāina ponoʻī. Eia nō naʻe, ulu maikaʻi ka hapanui o lākou i nā lepo momona, a ua kūpono hoʻi ka loam a me nā chernozem no kēia lāʻau. Pono ka pH waiwai no nā raspberry ma waena o 5.7 a me 6.5. I nā wahi mākeke a me nā wahi me ka ʻāina ākea ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke ulu ʻia kēia lāʻau no ka mea mālama ʻia ka wai i loko o lākou. ʻAʻole kūpono kahi kūpono o nā kapuwai a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe no ka kanu ʻana, ma kēia hihia e hōʻeha ʻia nā raspberry i ka nele o ka makika. Ke kanu i kēlā hua ʻai, ua ʻāpono ʻia e koho i kahi pālahalaha a loaʻa paha paha kahi kiʻi pihi. Ma kahi e like me ke kāpili ʻana, hiki ke ulu ʻia kahi ulu ma kahi he 7-10 mau makahiki, ma hope o ia e makemake ai i kahi hoʻololi, no ka mea, e nui ka lepo. A ma kēia wahi, hiki ke kanu hou ʻia nā hua lāʻau ma hope o ka liʻiliʻi i nā makahiki 5-7. Ke ulu nui nei nā solanaceous (ʻuala, mau ʻaka, ka ʻopa), ʻaʻohe hiki ke kanu i kēia moʻomeheu berry i kekahi hihia. Akā ʻo ka pūnaewele ma hope o nā cereals a i nā legumes no ke kanu ʻana i nā raspberry i kūpono pono.

Kūkulu lāʻau i ka puna

ʻAʻohe like me ka kanu ʻana a me ke kohi ma ke ala e hoʻomākaukau ai i kēia kaʻina hana, akā inā ʻaʻole like ko lākou like ʻole. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i kahi lua, ʻo ka nui o ka mea e lilo i 0.5x0.4x0.4 m, aʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea nui o ka ʻāina e ʻokiʻoki ʻia ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kope i ka māla e like me 0.5 m, aʻo ka laha o ka lālani ma kahi o 1.5 m.ʻOi e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o luna o ka lepo me 50 pākaʻi o ka kalaka pākeke, me ka 100 ka nui o ka superphosphate granular, me ka 10 kilo o humus a i ʻole ka compost. a me 0.4 kilokola o ka lehu lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hui ʻana i nā hua e pono e ninini ʻia i loko o ka lua, a ʻo nā koena e ninini me kahi puʻu e kokoke ana iā ia. Inā e hoʻomaka ʻoe i ka kanu ʻana, ua cuki ke ʻano o ka lepo i loko o ka lua, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia. A laila, kau ʻia kahi mea kanu i ka lua a no laila ua kū ka hua liʻiliʻi i lalo o ka pae. Ma hope o ke hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ʻana o nā aʻa, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua me ka lepo. Piʻi ʻia, a laila hana ʻia kahi lua hohonu a puni kahi mea kanu, pono e hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai. Ma hope o ke hoʻouka piha ʻana i ka wai, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka lua me ka sawdust, humus a mauʻu mauʻu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi ma ka 0.3 m ma luna o ka lepo. Inā maloʻo ka lulu i nā lā he mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua mua, a laila pono e kanu hou i nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaka ma mua hoʻi o ka kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu ma mua o ka hāʻule, no ka mea, hiki i ka wā ke lūlū ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano ʻino, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hua o ke ʻano e nui ai ka maikaʻi. I ka pūnāwai, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i kūʻai ʻia i loko o kahi hale kūʻai kūikawā a i ʻole kanu mea kanu paha, a i ʻole ia i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hāʻule (ua waiho ʻia i loko o ka friji no ka hoʻoilo).

Ke kanu nei i nā raspberry i ka hāʻule

I ka ngahou, pono e ʻike ʻia ka mākaukau o ka lua ʻauaka 6 mau mau pule ma mua o ka lā o ka disembarkation. Kuhi ʻia ka pūnaewele i ka hohonu o ka pala bayonet, aʻo ke āpau o nā huʻu a pau ke koho ʻia a he 0.2-0.4 kg o ka superphosphate, ua hoʻohui ʻia, 2 a 3 mau pahu o ka manure ʻōpala a me 100-200 mau pākela o ka pālea kaleka pākahi i 1 m² kahua. Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoe i ka lepo ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole pono nā raspberry i ka phosphorus a me nā pāhare pākahi no nā makahiki 5. Inā he lepo ka lepo, a laila no kēlā me kēia 1 m² ka pūnaewele āu e hana ai i ʻehā mau ʻauʻau one. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i nā mea kanu pua i nā lā hope o Kepakemapa a i ka mua i ʻOkakopa. I ka wā hāʻule, ua koi nā mea loea a me nā māla kipa i kanu i kēia moʻomeheu, no ka mea i kēia hihia hiki ke hoʻomau mālie ke hoʻomākaukau i kahi papa no ke kanu, a kanu maikaʻi nā mea kanu i mua o ka hoʻoilo, a hoʻomaka e ulu ikaika i ka wai.

ʻO ka mālama lāʻau Raspberry

Ma hope koke o ka hilo ʻana o ka hau ma ka pūnaewele, pono pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā lau i hāʻule i ka makahiki i hala i hala, no ka mea aia paha i ka pathogens a i ʻole nā mea pūlū e hūnā ana mai ka wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Pono kēia hānai i ke kākoʻo, no laila i ka pūnāwai pono ʻoe e garter raspberry i ka trellis. Inā nakinaki ʻia ka mea kanu i kahi trellis, a laila ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e nā ʻāpana o ka lā, e wikiwiki ka ʻala a me nā hua o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, a he maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama i kēlā mau lāʻau. Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana i kahi trellis, a laila pono ʻoe iā ʻoe i ka hopena a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēlā me kēia laina e ʻohi ai i nā kolamu ikaika a i ka 150 kenimika ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Ma waena o kēia mau pou, pono e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ua i 2 mau lālani: pono ke kau ʻia o ka lālani ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 0.6-0.7 m mai ka pae o ka pūnaewele, a ʻo ka mea i luna ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,2 m. kiʻi i kahi lāʻau lāʻau. E kau i nā lula o nā lāʻau i kohu me ka pulu, a laila hoʻoponopono iā lākou me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā lākou me ka māhoe. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mau makahiki, ma waena o nā pou he pono ke hoʻonui i nā lālani pili hou: ʻo ka mua - i ke kiʻekiʻe o 0.3 m mai ka pae o ka pūnaewele, a me kekahi - ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,5 m.

ʻO ke koena o ka manawa he mea maʻalahi loa ka mālamaʻana i kēia moʻomeheu. No laila, pono ʻōnaʻomaʻo i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hānai, hoʻoulu ʻia, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lepo kokoke i nā lāʻau i kahi hohonu pāpō, a ma hope o ke uhi ʻana i ka pā o ka mulch. He aha ka mea e hoʻohana ai no ka hānai i kēia hua i ka pūnāwai? I ka hanana ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu pono āpau i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lepo, a laila ʻaʻole pono nā raspberry i ka potassium a me ka phosphorus no 5 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hānai i nā mea kanu me nā nīnika mau mea i mālama ʻia i loko o kēlā me kēia makahiki. E hoʻomākaukau i ka hopena o ka meaʻai kai e pono ai no ka hānai: 10 lita o ka wai, hui pū me ka 1 pala o ka ʻōpala pipi a me 5 mauʻa o ka urea a i ʻole nitrate. Ua ninini ʻia kēia hoʻopili ma lalo o kēlā me kēia mea kanu i nā lā hope o Malaki a i ʻole ka mua i ka lā o ʻApelila. Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi palekōna e pili ana i ka palupalu, a no kēlā me kēia 1 m² e pono ka pūnaewele e lawe mai i 20 a 25 mau grama o ka waiwai. A laila e pono e wehe i ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka mālama lāʻau Raspberry i ka hāʻule

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua āpau mai nā lāʻau a pau, pono ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā raspberry no ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. Pono e loaʻa kēia kaʻina hana me ke kuleana āpau, no ka mea e kūpaʻa ana i ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Pono ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaewele mai ka ʻāpana mulching kahiko, kahi e ʻānai ʻia ai, no ka mea he loaʻa ʻana i nā pōpoki a i ʻole nā pathogens. A laila lūlū maikaʻi ka lepo i kahi hohonu ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi mau kenimika 8-10. 1 ka manawa i hoʻokahi mau makahiki no ka eli ʻana, e paipai ʻia e hoʻohui i ka lehu lāʻau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lepo. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā maniua nā nitrogen no ka hānai ʻana i nā hua lāʻau i ka wā lohi, no ka mea, ma muli o lākou, hiki i ka ulu ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ke hoʻomaka, lele ka lau o nā lau a puni, e hoʻonui ai i ka pōʻino. Ma ka hana e pono ai ka mea kanu ka fosfor a me nā pākeleka, pono lākou e hoʻopili i nā wahi hohonu loa (mai 15 a 20 paha kenimika) mau ʻōpū, kahi e kū ai ma ka 0.3 m mai nā mea kanu. 40 kalama o ka paʻakai pākela a me 60 mauʻu o ka superphosphate. I nā mea kanu i hānai ʻia me kēia ʻano, e holomua ka hoʻopiha ʻana o nā pua pua, e kūpono pono i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala

Pono wale ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻōpala ma ka kō a me ke kauwela inā he lōʻihi lōʻihi. Inā e hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia ma kahi o ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole pono ia e inu. I ka wā wela a me ka manawa, pono ka nui o ka mea kanu i ka wai, aʻo ka wai e hoʻonani i ka topsoil ma 0.3-0,4 m. ka manawa ulu o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hua. Pono nui ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo no kēia moʻomeheu, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo he waiho ʻana ia i nā pua ulu i loko o ka ʻōnaehana. I kēia hihia, hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo i ka hohonu hiki, a laila e ʻoi aku ka raspberry hoʻoilo ma mua o ka lanakila. ʻOi ka pono o ka papa hana no ka hoʻomaʻū ʻana i kēia mea kanu, no ka mea he nui nā pono o ia:

hoʻōla wai - liʻiliʻi i hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pīpī ʻana a i ʻole ka irrigation irrigation;
ka wai mahana - i kekahi hihia, hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia moʻomeheu me ka wai anuanu, a me kēia ʻano o ka inu ʻana, ua hoʻāla ʻia ka wai i loko o ka aʻa;
ka ʻopa piha ʻana o ka lepo.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ka wai i ke kauwela, a laila pono e uhi i ka papa o ke kahua me kahi papakū.

La kōpala ʻo Raspberry

Ke hoʻoiho ʻia kahi mea kanu, pono pono i kekahi i nā loina e like me kona kanu mua ʻana. Hoʻopau kēia pale i ka ulu ikaika. Aia kona mau kumu kokoke i kahi kūlohelohe o ka ʻāina, a i ka wā o ke kauwela he nui ka nui o nā pua-offprings e ulu ana. Inā makemake ʻia, me ke kōkua o kahi huʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale mai ka lāʻau makuahine a ʻeli pū me nā aʻa, i kanu ʻia ma kahi wahi hou. Inā ua pālahalaha a ʻōlohelohe ka pākahi, a laila e hoʻohana i ka ʻumi i hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻōpio ʻōpio a me ke ʻano o ke aʻa a me kahi papa honua, ʻoiai e noʻonoʻo ana i ka lōʻihi o kāna mau kūleʻa ʻaʻole e emi mai i 10 mm. I kēlā "māhele" pono ʻoe e hōʻoki i nā ʻoki i ka 0.25 m, a laila kanu i kahi ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i nā raspberry i kēlā me kēia manawa, koe wale nō ka manawa hoʻoilo. Eia naʻe, ua koi ʻo ia e nā māla i ʻike i kēia hana i ka pūnāwai. No ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻole o ka māla like ʻole o kahi mea kanu, e pono ke mālama i ka wahi e ulu ai ka mālama ʻia, no kēia mea, eli ʻia nā ʻōpala o ka hao a iʻa paha i ka lepo a puni ka laha.

Hoʻopōla Raspberry

ʻO ka paleʻana i nā raspberry he maʻalahi loa, maʻalahi a wikiwiki. Pehea e hoʻolaha ai i nā hua mamo i ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī ma luna. Eia nō hoʻi, hoʻolaha i kēia lāʻau e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia keʻoki ʻia i Iune i ke ao ao; Pono ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala mai 10 a 12 paha kenimika, a he pono o lākou a i ʻole nā pelu lau 2 a 3 paha. ʻOki ʻia no 12 mau hola i hoʻoiho ʻia i loko o kahi hana e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā aʻa, ma hope o ke kanu ʻia ʻana o loko o kahi pahu o 0,5 l, pono e piha me ka one i hui ʻia me ka pit. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ipu ma lalo o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻoiai e hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka haʻalulu pono ʻana no ke kolo ʻana i nā ʻokiʻī ma kahi o 90 mau pakeneka, a ʻo ka mahana ke kumu mai ka 22 a 25 ka tikelē. Ma hope o 4 hebedoma, e hoʻomaka ka ʻokiʻoki. Ke hana ia i ka hana, e hānai kaʻawale pū ʻia me kahi kō o ka honua i loko o kahi pahu momona: ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe e liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi o 14 mau kenimika, a ʻo kāna kumu helu he 1.5 lita. Ma hope o ke kua ʻana a ʻokiʻoki, pono lākou e hoʻomaka i ka huhū, no kēia e lawe lākou i kekahi manawa i ka lewa wai. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōpili paʻakikī ma luna o ka moʻo o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, pono lākou i kahi pākū mai ka wela scorching, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka wā kanu a ulu nā mea kanu. I ka hāʻule, e kahili ʻia i kahi mau ʻole. Kohi ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻohi, pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki me ka manuahi, e pale iā lākou mai nā maʻi maʻi. A laila e uhi ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i ka peat a hoʻokomo i loko o ka waiho ʻana i loko o ka hale liʻiliʻi, papahele a i ʻole kahi ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe. No laila, ma mua o ka wā o ka pūnāwai, e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki. He mea nui ia e poina i ka hoʻōlohelohe ʻōnaehana.I ka pūnāwai, kanu koke ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki ma luna o ka moena, ʻoiai e pono ke uhi ʻia kona ʻili me kahi papana o ka mulch.

Aia kekahi ʻano like o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka pālahalaha ʻana a lākou e hoʻohana ai i ka huki ʻana o nā pihi (e like me nā blackberry). No laila, ua pili kēia i nā raspberry ʻulaʻula a me nāia. I nā wiki heʻe mua, hoʻomaka ka wana i ulu i ka lepo, aʻo ka lau e waiho ana ma kona poʻo i liʻiliʻi iki, a he kiko ma ke ʻano he loina - i kēia manawa, e kaomi. E hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia pana me ka "lawelawe", ʻoiai e pono ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei.

Hoʻomau hua lāʻau

Hoʻomoʻa i nā ʻōpala i loko o ka wai

I ka pūnāwai, e pono e ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻōpala i kahi palaka olakino no nā mea āpau i paʻi ʻia i ka hau, a me ko ʻeha, maʻi, a me nā lālā hema ʻole e pono e ʻoki ʻia. Inā ʻoe e ʻimi i nā lula o ka ʻenehana mahiai o kēia moʻomeheu, a laila no ka 1 mika kaila o ka pākana e pono nā wī he 10-15. I kēia pili, pono e ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻōpala āpau ma ka lāʻau, ʻo waiho wale ana nā mea i hoʻomaka mua e ulu ana, pono lākou e hōʻoki ʻia ma nā kenimika 15-20. Ma muli o kēlā huina samili, e hoʻomaikaʻi ka maikaʻi o nā hua, a ʻoi aku ka nui. Hiki ke hana ʻia i kēlā mea makemake ʻia inā makemake ʻia i ka hoʻoilo, akā naʻe, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, pono e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala a pau a me ka pōpoki i hōʻino ʻia i nā kumu lāʻau. E like hoʻi me I.V. Kazakov, ua ʻoki ʻia nā wana i loko o ka pūnāwai e hāʻawi i kahi ʻano oʻo.

Hoʻomoʻa i nā ʻōpala i ka wā mau

I ka wā o ka wā lohi, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono ʻoe e kāpae i nā hua ʻelua o ke ʻano ʻelua, e like me ka wā e hiki mai ana e pua a hua mai nā hua. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i ka pūnāwai, akā i kēia hana e lawe lākou i ka lāʻau kanu mea pono e pono ai i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokiʻoki i nā mea āpau i hua ai i ka wā o kēia manawa. Inā ʻaʻole remontant nā ʻōpala āu e ulu ai, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kō wawe, a ʻaʻole pono e kali a hiki i ka hopena o ka hopena. Manaʻo nā mea hōʻike i kahi kaʻina like ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua mai nā mea a pau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ma kēia hihia ke alakaʻi ʻia nā hua lāʻau a pau i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi kā lākou hua ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Inā ulu ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano lohi, a laila pono lākou e ʻoki ma ka hopena o ka hua ʻelua. Hōʻike ʻia e hoʻopau i nā ʻoki āpau, no ka mea nā microorganisms pathogenic a me nā pōpoki like hoʻonoho iā lākou.

ʻO nā ʻōpala hoʻoilo

He mea nui ia e hoʻomākaukau pono i nā raspberry no ka hoʻoilo. He manaʻo maʻamau loa i waena o nā māla i mālama ʻia nā raspberry no ka hoʻoilo a waiho ʻia i kahi kū kū. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i kēia mau hihia, no ka mea ʻo ka pua o nā pua i uhi ʻole ʻia e ka hau e hiki ai i ka manuahi. Hōʻalo ʻia nā lāʻau no kahi kokoke i ka papakū o ka lepo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kēia kūlana, e hoʻopili ai i nā kahe trellis haʻahaʻa loa. Mai nā aʻa e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pua āpau, no kēia kau ma ke kūlima lima a holo i ka pana i ka ʻaoʻao mai lalo a lalo. E akahele, no ka mea ke koho ʻoe i nā lau, e holo ana i kou lima mai luna a lalo, hiki kēia ke alakaʻi i ka wehe ʻana o nā pua pua. E hoʻāʻo e mālama i kēia palima i uhi ʻia me ka hau ma ka hoʻoilo. No laila, inā pono, pono e kiola ʻia ka ʻōpala me ka hau.

He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo e pono ai i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo, no laila ke hōʻapu ʻia ka wai hau i kū mai ma luna o ka uhi hau. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻoele hau ka hoʻoilo, a laila pono e uhi ʻia ka raspberry i nā mea uhi. I ka pūnāwai, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi pale mai ka pūnaewele. E nānā i nā ʻōpala a pau, a wehe i nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hau. Hiki i nā koena ala ke hānai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā trellis.

Nā maʻi Raspberry a me ko lākou mālama ʻana

ʻĀʻulaʻula i nā ʻōpala

Ua makemake nui nā māla lau, no ka mea nona nā ʻōpala ʻōpala e huli i ka melemele a lele a puni? I ke ʻano o nā foliage ma ka lāʻau i hoʻololi i kona kala i ka melemele, ʻo ia ke ʻano o kēia manawa me ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻa, kō a i ʻole chlorosis. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi mea kanu mai kahi maʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ke ʻano maʻi maʻi e like me ke kanesa o ke aʻa, ma ke ʻano kīpē e ʻike ʻia ana ma ka ʻili o nā aʻa, ulu nui nā kumu, ʻāpana ʻole nā hua, ʻāpana nā lau a melemele a lele a puni. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kanu mai ka lepo a i luku ʻia, aʻo kahi ma kahi e ulu ai lākou e hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no ka kanu no nā liʻiliʻi he 8 mau makahiki. Inā nānā ka mea kanu i ka lepo, a laila e hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻia ma Mei. E hoʻomaka, hoʻomaloʻo a lele paha a puni ka lau, e kū mai nā ʻōpūʻeleʻele ma ka ʻili o nā kumu. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia maʻi ma ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, no ka mea ʻo kēia ka lāʻau ua hoʻopau ʻia me kahi hopena o ka palu ʻo Bordeaux (1%). Inā ke holo nei ka maʻi a pilikia loa nā lāʻau, a laila pono lākou e ʻeli a luku ʻia. ʻO ka mea lawe nui o kēia maʻi maʻi e like me ka chlorosis he aphids. I kēia mea, i mea e pale ai i nā raspberry mai ka chlorosis, pono pono e lawe i nā hana e pono ai e pale aku i nā aphids. I nā hua lāʻau i paʻi ʻia, lilo nā papa lau me ka liʻiliʻi, ua pau nā kumu lāʻau i ka ulu ʻana, e maloʻo nā hua a lilo i ko lākou ʻono. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ke kumu o ka chlorosis ke hoʻohana i ka wai anuanu no ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana, kahi hopena lepo alkaline kahi ikaika, he nui ka lawa o nā mea i ke kaʻe i ka lepo, a i ʻole hemo ʻana o ka wai i ka lepo. E ʻimi e ʻike i ke kumu o ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia maʻi, a hoʻopau pono i ka hiki.

E hoʻomaloʻo ana i nā pulupulu

ʻO kēia moʻomeheu kekahi o nā mea aloha-makemake, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mea kanu, a laila e hoʻomaka nā pua. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻoku mau ʻia nā mea kanu i ka manawa a i ka nui o ka leo, a laila pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i nā lau maloʻo. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā mānoanoa ma ko lākou alo, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia ana nā hua lāʻau me nā alamo ʻole. Kēlē kēia mea lulu i kāna hua lili ma luna o ka papa o nā lau raspberry lau, e hopena ana i ia mau mānoanoa, i kapa ʻia ʻo galls. Pono e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpio āpau i nā aʻa, aʻo ka mea i waiho ʻole ʻia, a laila hoʻopau ʻia. Inā pā ʻia ka lulu ʻana o kēia palu ma kahi maʻi ʻalā, kahi maʻi ʻino, a laila e ʻike ʻia nā pakanu ʻulaʻula i luna o kona mau lau lau, a maloʻo loa lākou. Ma hope o nā hua a pau o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā lāʻau i hoʻopulapula ʻia, pono lākou e hoʻōla ʻia me Zircon. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia i ke aʻa i nā aala āpau ma hope koke iho o ke maopopo ʻana ua maʻi ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kali a hiki mai ka hāʻule.

ʻO nā ʻōpalaʻani āpau

Hoʻolā ʻoi aku ka maʻi kūlohelohe maʻi anthracnose i ka ua anu i ka hoʻoilo i ke kauwela. I ka ulu lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia, ma ka papa o nā papa lau, loaʻa nā wahi o ka hina hina me kahi palena ʻulaʻula, maloʻo nā hua, a pau nā ʻāpana o nā ʻanuʻu. No ka paleʻana, no ka kanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e koho i nā ʻano i kū kūʻē i kēia maʻi, pono nō ʻoe e ʻoki a puhi i nā ʻāpana āpau i ʻike ʻia i nā huehue. Eia kekahi, pono ke mālama ʻia i ka mea e pili ʻia ana i ka hopena me Nitrafen.

Nā pale lāʻau a me ka hakakā iā lākou

Hiki i nā mea maʻi i hala ke hoʻonā i nā lāʻau raspberry: aphids, spider mites, pana a hoʻomake i nā raspberry gall midges, weevil, raspberry nut grower, raspberry beetle and raspberry stem fly. I ka wā ulu o ka pua, hiki i kahi kime-ʻōpala ke'ōmaʻomaʻo-browns e noho i luna o kēia shrub. Kuhi kēia mea pest i nā pua, nā pua a me nā lau o ka mea kanu, aʻo nā wāhine i loko o nā pua i hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou oviposition. Ke kīleʻa ʻana mai nā hua, ʻai ka ʻai ma nā hua. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hau, pono e hoʻoulu ʻia nā lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia me Nitrafen, a i ka wā o ka pua o nā cherries ke mālama ʻia lākou me Fitoverm. Hoʻokele ka hua lāʻau ʻōpiopio i kāna oviposition i loko o nā koi o nā papa lau apical, ʻo nā palaki i hānau ʻia e ʻai ana i nā ʻōpala mai loko. ʻO ka rasppani pakanani a me ke kuʻi, a me ka pana ʻana i nā mea ākea o nā ʻōmole i hana i kā lākou hua i nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio, i ka wā e kau ana ke alaula, e ʻai lākou iā lākou. Inā hoʻonele ka aphids ma ka lāʻau, a ma ka papa o nā kumu a me nā lau o ka lau, ʻike ʻia ka hau hau. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mea nui ka mea nui e hoʻopuka ai i nā maʻi ākea. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana Spider, e noho ana i nā hua pua, ʻoiai e hānai ana i kona wai, ʻoiai lākou nā mea lawe i nā maʻi viral a me ka hina hina. I loko o nā pua pua, ʻo ka wahine wahine weevil e hana ana i kāna oviposition, ʻoiai ʻo ke kahakiʻi o nā kuʻekuʻe. Hiki i kekahi ke hōʻeha i ka nui o nā pua (a hala i ka 50). E hoʻopau i nā pōpilikia a pau i wehewehe ʻia, pono e hoʻōla i nā lāʻau me Karbofos a i Aktellik i ke kakahiaka nui a ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua āpau. A ʻo ka mea nui loa, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe inā e pili ana i nā rula o ka ʻenehana ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e pilikia i nā pōpoki.

Nā ʻano ʻolio me nā kiʻi a me nā wehewehe

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano he nui o nā ʻōkōkana i loko o kahi nui i hala, nā kuʻuna a me ka hoʻoponopono. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano o nā ʻano moʻomeheu i ko lākou hilinaʻi ʻole, hele koke lākou i nā kūlana kime a ʻikea i ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoki ʻia mai lākou. ʻO nā kumu lāʻau o nā huaʻai nui i nui ʻia, ma muli o lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe, nui ko lākou hua. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea kanu i nā mea kanu no 2 i kēia manawa, ʻoiai lākou ke hoō i ka hua ʻana me ke hoʻomaka ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu ikaika. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano i kēlā me kēia i ke kala a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hua, ka wā ʻiniki, a i nā ʻōlelo nō hoʻi ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole.

Nā ʻano hua mua

ʻĀpalakal. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi ʻano ʻāpana nui e pane maikaʻi ʻole i ka make i ka paukū a he hiki ke nānā ʻia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau ʻoi aʻe a hiki i 200 cm.ʻae ʻia ke ʻano o nā hua ʻulaʻula o ka ʻulaʻula, ma ke kaupaona lā he 3,5 g, ka ono ka ʻono.
Kālaʻāina. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻano like me ka pale ʻana i ka hau a me ka pale ʻana i nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi. Paona nā hua ʻeleʻele ma kahi o 2 g. Hiki i ka ulu lāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe i kahi 200 cm, ʻoi ke ʻano o nā hua ma ka pua, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i nā hua aʻa.
Keaka gula. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano pālua nui i kūleʻa i ka hau a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe. Ke kaupaona nei nā hua nui melemele 8-14 kāpela.
Vega. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā pale hau e kū i ka hau honu i nā maʻi ʻoi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau ma kahi o 250 cm, nui nā ulu spiky he ulu. ʻAkuhi ka ʻano o ka hua hua puaa, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 4 mau greka, ka ʻono ke ʻano he ʻono a me ka ʻono.
Glen Ampl. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hana ʻia ke ʻano ma ʻEnelani. Aia ia i ka hau, a me ka maʻi a me nā pōpoki, he hua kiʻekiʻe loa (mai ka ha 1 hōʻiliʻili a ʻona 15 mau huaʻa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi ulu lāʻau ikaika e pili ana ia i 350 cm, maikaʻi loa ka lālā lāʻau. ʻO nā hua ʻala maloʻo ʻōpiopio i ʻōhaka conical lapalapa a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 4 mau grama.

ʻO nā ʻano lewa momona

Ruby. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAiʻoluʻu ka palu kūlohelohe i ka pōpoki anthracnose. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu e pili ana iā 1,8 m, ma luna o nā pihi he nui nā pōkole pōkole o nā kala ʻulaʻula. Kūleʻa ka ʻano o nā hua ʻulaʻula saturated, ma ke kaupaona nei he 3,5 minamu.
Mahu Kiʻi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka pale i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi. Ma ka uhi o nā lāʻau ʻalopō liʻiliʻi he liʻiliʻi, pōkole a pōkole nā ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa ke ʻano o nā hua ʻulaʻula nui, ma ke kaupaona ana no ka 6 mau grama.
Metropolitan. ^ E Ha yM. Kūleʻa ka ʻanā i nā maʻi a me nā wai palu a hōʻike ʻia e ka huahana (a hiki i 4 kilograms o nā hua momona a ʻoki ʻia mai ka 1 mau lāʻau). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi ulu lāʻau erect e kokoke ana he 200 kenimika. Hoʻopaʻa nā hua nui ʻulaʻula nui ma kahi o 8 mau grama.

Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā helu

Hālau'āpana Orange. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka like me ka pale i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi. ʻO nā hua ʻona palaka he mau palatability kiʻekiʻe, ua elongated a paona a he 7 ka 9 mau kekona. Ka momona ʻala a nā ʻono.
ʻApelotikika. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā hua o ke kala gula me kahi momona ʻono. He naaupo ko lakou helehelena, a he kaupaona ko lakou mau minuke he 3 mau minamina.
Mulatto. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻano he pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe, kūmau loa i nā maʻi āpau, a me nā pōpoki. ʻO nā hua wai aniani nā melemona momona, i paʻi ʻia i ka poli lau ʻeleʻele, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 4 mau grama.
Ikena. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ka ʻano like me nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i 3 kg o nā hua i ke aʻa mai 1 ka lāʻau. ʻO nā hua momona i hoʻopilapula nui me ia ke ʻano he sheen a me ke ala conical, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 7 g.

ʻO nā waiwai Raspberry

Hoʻopili i nā hua lāʻau Raspberry i nā fructose, waikawa manawaleʻa - citric, malic, tartaric, ascorbic, formic, caproic, a me nā huaora a me nā wahi trace - magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium a me ka fosfor. No ka manawa lōʻihi ua lilo nā hua pua i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he anti-maloʻo, no laila lākou e hana ai i kaʻaʻa me nā hua maloʻo, e hana ai i ka aʻa a kāwī paha i nā huaʻai hou me ka kō. ʻOkoʻa nā Raspberry i nā hua ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka mālama wela i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā mea pono a pau. Mai nā lau o nā mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia nā decoction a me nā infusions no ka angina a me ka ʻōpala. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi tincture mai nā lau a me nā pua no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpū a me nā maʻi gynecological. ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau i hana ʻia mai nā hua pua, nā pua a me nā hua manu he antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-sclerotic a anti-inflammatory, ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ke anuanu, atherosclerosis, hypertension, maʻi maʻi, anemia, hōʻehaʻeha o ka naʻau, a me nā maʻi ʻeha. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau hikina, nā lāʻau like like me ka mālama ʻana i ka moekolohe a me ke kala ʻole.

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi infusion i hana ʻia mai nā foliage no ka huehue, ka erysipelatous pamamā o ka ʻili, eczema a me nā rashes, ʻoiai lākou e kaomi ai i ka ʻaoʻao o ka epidermis. Hana ʻia nā lotion mai ia me ka conjunctivitis a me blepharitis. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi decoction mai nā aʻa, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka pāpaʻi otitis purulent a kāpae i ka hemorrhoidal a me nā nosebleeds.

ʻAʻole i lōʻihi i hala, ua hana ʻo University o Clemson i ka noiʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona hoʻokalakupua me kahi maʻi ʻoaka maʻi i kahi hua raspberry, i hopena i ka make o 90 ka nui o nā hua maʻi maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hūnā ʻia kēia hopena ma mua o hoʻokahi mau antioxidant ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā hopena raspberry i kēia hopena.

Loaʻa nā rasppberry i nā contraindications. ʻAʻole ia e kauoha i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o kahi exacerbation o gastritis, ulia gastric a me nā ulia duodenal. A ua contraindicated no nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka jade, ka gout a me nā amyloidosis.