ʻO ka Ladybug a i kaʻoki paha i ka mary wahine

No nā kānaka a pau o ka honua, hauʻoli kēia mau kui i ke aloha nui a me ke aloha. Hōʻikeʻia kēia ma nā inoa o nā kokoleta i nā ʻāina like ʻole - mahalo a aloha hoʻi. Marienkamomi mary wahine)) - i Kelemānia, Switzerland, Switzerland. Kauka (manu manu) - i ʻEnelani, USA, ʻAralia, ʻAmelika Hema a me nā ʻāina e ʻōlelo Pelekānia. Lorita, Chinita, Tortolita, Mariquita - i ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia. Vaquita de San Antonio (Kauka Anthony) - iā Argentina. Slunecko (ka lā) --i ka Czech Republic a me Slovakia. Sonechko (lā) - i Ukraine a me Belarus. Bobo Haiki (kupuna kāne ʻāʻula ulaula) - - i Tajikistan. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "ke akua" ma nā inoa coccinellids Lūkini mai ka mea a nā kānaka e nānā maʻamau ai: ma kahi he nui o kēia mau huaʻa, aia nō ka manawa maikaʻi.

Kau-luahine. © Olivier

I nā keiki, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ladybug he mea hilinaʻi hilinaʻi nui. Ma Lūkia, ʻEnelani a me Denmark kahi pāʻani - hopu ke keiki i kahi ladybug a heluhelu iā ia i kahi poʻomanaʻo iā ia:

Kauwaʻi ʻia ʻo Ladybug i ka lani
E lawe mai i kekahi oʻu.
ʻEleʻele a keʻokeʻo
ʻAʻole ʻoe wale i ke ahi.

a i ʻole

ʻO Ladybug, e lele ana i ka lewa,
ʻAi kāu mau keiki i kahi momona i laila
Hookahi
A ʻaʻole hoʻokahi no ʻoukou.

Inā ka lele ka wahine ma luna, a laila manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia. I ʻEnelani, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mele.

Lele aku ʻo Ladybug i ka lani
Aia kou hale i ke ahi, ke noho hoʻokahi wale nā keiki

(mai ka Adventures o Tom Sawyer na Mark Twain)

Ma Denmark, noi nā keiki i ka Ladybug e noi i ke Akua no ke ʻano o ke kakahiaka maikaʻi.

ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana wahine, a ʻo Koktsinellid paha

ʻO nā kokoleka (ʻO Coccinellidae) - kekahi o nā ʻohana nui o ka ʻae ʻana i nā ʻēheu kolu (Coleoptera), he helu ana ma mua o 5000 mau ituaiga, kahi ma kahi o 2000 i loaʻa ma ka Palearctic. Ma ka māhele o ka US US kahiko, ua hōʻike ʻia nā 221 mau lāʻau, kahi o 100 e noho ana ma Rūsia. ʻO nā mau pīpī liʻiliʻi - ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka imago (pepeke makua) mai ka 1 a 18 mm mm.

ʻO ke kino ka hona o ka kino, ikaika convex, aneane hemispherical (ʻo ka ʻōpū ma lalo a i ʻole ka pili. I kekahi mau pūʻulu, he oblong-oval ke kino, ʻoi aku paha a emi iho nei. Hōʻike pinepine ka ʻano o ka maka o ke kino - emi iki - uhi ʻia i nā lauoho. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, hiki ke kāohi ʻia i ke kuʻuna a lōʻihi paha. Nui nā maka i ka manawa me ka pīkī ma mua o ka maka. Antennae 8–11 hoʻokaʻawale, pōkole a lōʻihi paha ia, me kahi hui (ʻoi aku ka nui) a i ʻole. Ke alo waʻa a me ka waena waena. ʻO ka laulā posterior he pālahalaha, aneane ʻokoʻa, lōʻihi a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mesothorax. ʻO nā wāwae o ka lōʻihi kūpono, e uhi ʻia me nā lauoho polō. Ua hūnā ʻia ka tarsi he 4 mahele ʻia (ʻike ʻia-3 ka manawa, ʻoiai ke liʻiliʻi ka ʻaoʻao 3 a hūnā ʻia i nā pale o ka lā 2), a wale nō i nā māka o ka ʻohana Lithophilini ka tarsi e maopopo 4-ʻaoʻao.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pronotum ma mua o ke poʻo, ka convex, ka halihali, me kahi notch o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mua. ʻO ka pinepine - me nā wahi a i ʻole kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO Elytra ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, brownish me nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā wahi keʻokeʻo paha, kahi e hui pū ai, i kekahi manawa ke ʻano i kahi ʻano hoʻohuli; a he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me nā ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO ka ʻōpū mai lalo a aneane pālolo loa, mai luna mai kahi e moʻo i lalo ka elytra, a nona ka 5-6 ʻike maka. He nāwaliwali ka male ʻana. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻo nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ma ka pronotum.

Larva a me ka ʻelele wahine makua. © t-mizo

Hōʻalo nā hua i loko o nā lula, ʻiliʻili iki i nā kaʻe. Ma nā iwi ʻohana, ʻo Stethorini a me Chilocorini he pōkole, kokoke a puni. ʻAʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula; lamalama pinepine ka ʻāina. Kūpā pinepine ka ovipositors, ʻōpiopio i nā hua i nā lā a liʻiliʻi ʻole paha, e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ma kekahi mau kanaka o ka Harmonia sedecimnotata, ka "moa" nā ovipositions, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua mai kēlā me kēia ma o ka mamao like ka lōʻihi o ka 1-1,5 diameters egg.

ʻOi aku paha ka nui o nā ʻōlima a i ʻole nā campode i kūkulu ʻia, elongated, i kekahi manawa he flat a me ka oval. I ka ʻōmole o nā bipi e hānai ana i nā ʻōpala, uhi ʻia ke kino me nā kaula waxy keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā palaka i nā ʻano, ʻulaʻula, ka melemele a i ʻole nā wahi keʻokeʻo e hana i ke ʻano. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino me nā lauoho, nā bristles, nā pakaua a me nā mea hou aku. Holo nā keiki i kā lākou kūkulu ʻana i nā makahiki 4.

Kūleʻa ka pipi, hoʻopili ʻia i ka substrate e nā koena o ka exuvia o ka larva. Loaʻa pinepine nā kala iʻa me ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻohana Coccinellini e kahi ʻano wehe - aia ka pupa i kahi ʻōpala larval e kāʻili ana mai ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. Loaʻa iā Chilocorini kahi ʻano pani i pani ʻia - ʻo ka wahi kīkaha neʻe a ka mea i hōʻuluʻulu wale i ka pupa o ka pupa. Ma Hyperaspini, aia ka pipi me ka ʻili o ka ʻili.

ʻO nā poli māmā o nā ladybirds - ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻoniʻoni me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli - he hana pale, e hānai i nā mea e hiki ai, e like me nā manu insectivorous, he ʻano ʻono maikaʻi loa nā ladybird. Inā ʻoe e pā aku i ka ladybug, e hoʻokuʻu ia i ka puna o ka nui o ka ʻawa, nā kahe pīkī mai nā wāwae wāwae a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. ʻO kēia kahe wai, ma ka melemele i ke kala, waiho ʻia kahi lima hoʻoluhi a waiho i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻili no ka lōʻihi.

He umauma o makāhine. © Ke ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Estreya

Nā hui a me nā ʻano wahine

I nā huaʻōlelo trophic, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻulu ma lalo i nā coccinellids:

aphidophages (ʻai ma luna o aphids),
huki (manuʻai i nā pōpoki a me nā mea inikinika).
myxoentomophages (ʻai ma luna o nā mea inikia)
acarifagi (ʻai ma ka ʻimi),
ʻaʻa phytophages (ʻai i ka meaʻai kanu).

I ka huli ʻana, ua māhele ʻia ka phytophages i:

phyllophagous, e ʻai ana i nā lau, liʻiliʻi i nā pua a hua ʻole hoʻi;
palynophages e hānai ana i ka hae o nā mea kanu;
mycetophages e ʻai ana i ka mycelium fungal.

ʻO ka nui o nā ladybugs ka poʻe hoʻoneʻe. Nā iwi puaʻa ka mea i hōʻike nui ʻia ma nā wahi o nā ʻāina a pau a i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻĀina Hema. I waena o lākou, loaʻa nā mea nui o nā mea mahiʻai. Ma Lūkia, aia nā ʻano o nā bipi phytophage. Ma ka ʻāina mamao, ʻo ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka mea kanu, nā kukama, nā ʻōmato a me nā mea kanu hua like 28 koki wahine (Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata), i kapa ʻia ma mua o ka huaʻōlelo Epilachna. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rusia alfalfa (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata) i kekahi manawa, e hōʻino ai i nā kanu alfalfa a me nā kōkō wai. Ma Smolensk, Saratov a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka waena waena a me ka hema o Rūsia e hana ʻino ana iā alfalfa, ʻū ka mea huluhulu ʻo ke alo wahine nui (Cynegetis impunctata).

Nā ʻōlūlū. © jacinta lluch valero

Ka pono o ka ladybug - he predator

ʻO nā ʻano ʻēa ʻē aʻe o ka Lūkini wahine ʻē aʻe he mau poʻe hoʻoilina. ʻO nā beetles a me nā pālima he nui loa a, luku ana i ka nui o nā pōpilikia weliweli e like me nā aphids, nā lau nui, nā ʻōpala, nā aniani a me nā ʻī, e lawe i nā makana nui i ka mahiʻai. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻohana ma mua loa - ʻehiku momoku (Coccinella septempunctata) - hoʻopuka ʻia mai ka Palearctic i ʻAmelika e kāohi ai i ka wahi o loko a hoʻopuka i nā pōpoki.

ʻO nā ʻaoʻao nui loa i ka mōʻaukala o ke ʻano ola o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau hoʻomohala i kākau ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā coccinellids. E kūpono iā ia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka kūleʻa kupanaha i loaʻa ma kahi o 140 mau makahiki i hala ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai Australia ʻōwāwāwa (Rodolia cardinalis) i Kaleponi e hānai me nā ʻōpala o ka Australia trench-Iceria (Icerya Buyasi), i lawe ʻole ʻia me ka mea kanu. Ka mea, i ka home ma Auseteria ke ʻano maikaʻi loa kēia ilo, ʻaʻole ia i hana ʻino i nā mea kanu. A i waho o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻohe mea ʻino iā ia. Ua hala nā lāʻau, i ʻōlelo paha kekahi, ma ka pua. Hana ʻia nā mea like me nā lāʻau ʻala ma ʻAigupita, Italia, Palani, ʻAmelika Hema, Ceylon, India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i hoʻokahi'āina kahi i ulu ai nā hua citrus i mālama ʻole i kēia mea ʻino.

Ua hoʻokani ko nā māla me ka ala. Ua pili nā poʻe ʻepekema i ka pilikia. Ka mea i loko o Aulopa, he ʻenemi ka ʻehā - kahi ladybug i kapa ʻia ʻo Rodolia (Rodolia cardinalis). ʻAi lākou i ka ʻōpala a pale i kā lākou mau helu ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i kahi pōʻino.

ʻEwalu mau pīpī i holo wikiwiki ma Kaleponi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā māla. Kolo ʻia nā pīpī, a he mau makahiki ma hope aku ka pau ʻana o ka pūpū. Ma hope o Kaleponi, ua lawe ʻia ʻo Rodolia me nā mea hoʻohanohano i nā ʻāina kahi i ʻino loa ai ka wī o Ausetalia. ʻO nā wahi a rhodolia e lawe mai i waena o lākou.

Kau-luahine. © Jean-Marie Muggianu

I kēia manawa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka nui, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo ke ola maoli ʻana o nā hua citrus, ma ke ʻano he moʻomeheu.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia iwakālua, ʻaʻole i puka mai kahi ʻōpiopio o Ausetalia ma nā pāmu citrus o ko mākou ʻāina, akā i ka makahiki 1920, lawe koke ʻia ia (ʻike ʻia mai ʻElopa i loko o ke kaua kīwila), mua ma Abkhazia a laila ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ululua ʻo Australia kahi i hōʻeha wale ai i nā lemona a me nā tangerines, akāʻo ka acacia o Ausetalia hoʻi, i kaulana kaulana "mimosa". Ua kiʻi koke ʻia nā poʻe loea i ʻAigupita e wehe i ka maʻi pīpī ma ʻAigupita no kahi ladybug. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopili ʻia nā mau pīkoi ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kokoke i St. Petersburg a hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Sukhumi. Pono e nānā pehea ka pili ʻana o ka mākona i kēia ladybug.

Hoʻohālikelike ka hopena me nā wahi āpau - ua hoʻopili koke ka ladybug i nā ʻōpala, mālama ʻia ʻaʻole wale i nā hua citrus, akā nā "mimosa" hoʻi, i hōʻike ʻia i nā wahine ma ka lā 8 Malaki. Maʻa kā mākou kula no ka rhodolia (a ma Abkhazia), no laila, make ka hapanui o nā pōpoki. Pono au e hana mahele iki i kēia mau mea hana i ka ʻano kūlohelohe, a laila e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko o ke ʻano.

Wahi a De Bach (1964), mai 225 mau mea kūleʻa o ka hoʻokele hoʻomehana ololi ma nā hihia 51, ua loaʻa nā hopena me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coccinellide.

Nā ʻōlūlū. © Sarflondondunc

ʻO ka limahana ʻo ZIN RAS V.P. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Semenov i nā ʻano ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka lōʻihi loa (a hiki i ka 1 makahiki) ka mālama ʻana a me nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua incubated, larvae a me nā pākeke anuilona wahine Leis dimidiata (Fabr.) No ka ʻohi huna o nā aphids i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua hoʻolālā pū ʻia kahi ʻano kumu mua no ke kaohi wikiwiki ʻana o ka poʻe phid aphid i loko o nā hale kākele (ʻoi pū me ka helu pōpoki nui) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōiwi Leis dimidiata. Hiki i kēia ʻano o ka kokolīkia hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā aphids i ka puʻu hāmama (ma ke ʻano ea o ka ea ʻaʻole hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma mua o +20 degere), me ka pepehi hoʻi i nā aphids i nā mea kanu o loko i nā hale noho a me nā keʻena kahi i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ai nā pesticides.

I ka ʻohana Cocinellidae, ʻike ʻokoʻa i kēia mau he 7 subfamilies:

Sticholotidinae (= Sticholotinae)
Coccidulinae
Tetrabrachinae (= Lithophilinae) - paʻa mau manawa i loko o Coccidulinae
Scymninae
Chilocorinae
ʻO Coccinellinae
Epilachninae

ʻO nā ʻano o nā Coconutellids i loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana o ka US US ma mua nā ʻohana 11 a me 44 mau moʻomeheu.

ʻO ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilina Ladybug

No ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻimi nei nā ladybugs i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia ma waena o nā māla lau, nā lau ʻula, ma lalo o ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau maloʻo, etc. a i ʻole hale, ʻaina, aloha. Piʻi pinepine lākou i nā hale, nā pūnana ma waena o nā puka, ʻelua kīnohi papa, i nā kī o nā pale. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā ladybugs hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, e hoʻomanaʻo i kā lākou mau pōmaikaʻi, ko lākou kuleana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā mea inikua maikaʻi i loko o ka māla - ua liʻiliʻi loa ia e kau i ka ladybugs i loko o ka pā pōkā a lawe iā lākou i ka pā kīhāpai, hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i lalo i ka pā a i kahi wahi ʻē aʻe. ma laila e hoʻopau ai kā lākou hānau. Ua ulu pū kekahi mau ladybugs, e ulu pū ana, i hui nui, i kekahi manawa he mau haneli poʻe haneli. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano, akā he ʻike maoli ia i kahi ʻano aniani.

ʻO ka mea mua a ma ka mua loa, e mālama pono ʻole i kēlā mau huaʻai maikaʻi e pili ana i kāu pūnaewele, pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea make (pesticides).

ʻOiaʻiʻo ka hiki ke hopu i ka ladybugs a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko o ka māla. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hopu i ka ʻai o nā ladybugs, no ka mea ʻoi aku lākou kahi kelepili. Akā nō naʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i ia ʻano āpau i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wa ʻia e ka lāʻau ʻino, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka maunu o nā ladybird i kāu pūnaewele.

No ka pain, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka angelica (angelica) i loko o ka māla, ka kumo, a haʻalele i ka dandelion, yarrow, a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi / pua pua e pua ai i kahi.

Inā loaʻa i kahi pilau e ulu ana, aia kahi ākea, aia ma hope o ka pā o kāu māla, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, ʻoi loa nā punahele punahele āu, mai hoʻohana ʻole i nā mea kanu manuʻai ma laila. No ka laʻana, kanu i kahi elderberry ʻulaʻula - kahi i nui nā aphids, nā mālama keiki o nā ladybugs a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e mālama ʻia ma laila.

ʻO Tansy, buckwheat a me nā ʻano he nui nō hoʻi ke kūpono no ka mauʻu.

I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu pua e hoihoi i nā huaʻai maikaʻi no ka manawa holoʻokoʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka me kēlā pua o ka wā ma mua, no ka hoʻohālike, me ka buckwheat, e pani ʻia i ka lehu puaʻa a pēlā aku. Oe e ulu i ka tansy, clover a me nā pusela, e ulu mau ana no kahi makahiki mai kahi makahiki.

ʻO ka hana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ia e luku pono i nā pōpoki, akā e kāohi i kā lākou mau helu.

I ka wā e hana ai i nā kūlana e hoʻohui i kahi wahi kūpono no nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi a me ka hoʻonaninani, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i kahi kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ma waena o ka nui o nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi.

Mea ʻai ʻai

No kahi hopena maikaʻi, ʻo ka hale i hāʻawi ʻia e pono ai e hoʻowalewale i ka ladybugs e noho a hoʻoulu i ka māla. Nectar, pollen, honey dew hoʻōla i kā lākou kaʻina hana. Inā he wahi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā inikini ke pālahalaha a lele i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. No laila, hiki ke hānai ʻia nā ladybugs ma ka ʻoki ʻana iā Wheast i nā mea kanu.

ʻO ka mea ʻona i kapa ʻia "Wheast" kahi hui pū o nā huaʻōlelo whey (whey) a me ka mea he rewena. Loaʻa ka Wheast i kahi papa maloʻo. Hāʻawi ʻo Wheast i nā mea pono a pau no ka hoʻoulu a me ka hana o nā ladybirds, nā lacewings a me nā mea hoʻonā maikaʻi aʻe. Ua hui ʻia ka pauka Wheast me ke kō a me ka wai 50/50 a i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ulu ʻana i nā pepeke. Hōʻike nā haumāna mai nā kula ʻoihana ʻepekema i ʻAmelika ʻo ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka mahina me kahi ʻano o Wheast / sugar / wai nui ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o nā mea inikua maikaʻi ma laila.