Manaʻo nā ʻōpala a puni ka honua i nā mea kanu aia i waena o nā mea mua i hoʻopau ʻia e nā kānaka. Uaʻoi aku ma mua o 20 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, me ka palaoa, palaoa a me nā līilima, hoʻomaka ke kanu ʻia.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala pīpī mai Neolithic a Hellas
Ma kēia mau he paʻakikī e ʻōlelo pololei ai mai kahi wahi mai nā kūpuna nā ʻano o nā ʻano kōnohi o nā ʻano kūloko. Ke makemake nei nā ʻepekemaʻepekema i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe o Transcaucasia, Iran a me Turkmenistan, me India kahi e kū ai i Punjab i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻokū ʻia nā ʻano holoholona hihiu. Ke hele nei kahi kaʻina hana ma ka Hikina. Ke ʻohi ʻia nei nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ka Neolithic, Bronze a ma hope mai Iron Age, ʻike pinepine ʻia e nā mea ʻike loea nā mea pīpī. Ua ʻike ʻia ia mau ʻimi i ke aʻo ʻana o nā wahi i noho ai ʻo Troy a me nā ʻāina Helene kahiko. Loaʻa nā huaʻa Pea ma nā Balkans a ma Kelemānia, Austria, Farani a me Sepania.
ʻO ka ʻano kahiko o nā pī e like me ke ʻano mahiʻai a me ka ʻai e hōʻoia ʻia e nā kumu i kākau ʻia. ʻO ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua ʻāina i nā mea kākau ʻo Theophrastus, i noho i ka IV-III mau makahiki o SM. ʻO Pliny kekahi mau ʻōlelo pili i kēia moʻomeheu. Ma Kina, ua loaʻa i ka pī i lawe ʻia mai nei e ke alanui Silk mai nā makahiki mua o ka SM BC. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā hua kahiko i ko ʻolua mau mea i ka nui, ka manaʻo o nā mea momona a me nā mea hoʻi māhā.
ʻO ka līlū ʻana i ka pī i ka manawa o Cicero, nona ka inoa i manaʻo ʻia mai ka inoa pea cicer, ua loaʻa i nā manawa he nui i kēia wā.
Akā i ka manawa like, nā ʻepekema, ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka ʻike archaeological o nā wā ma mua me nā mea ma hope aku, e hoʻomaopopo he mea i loko o ke kanaka antiquity i aʻo e hana i kahi pilidization primitive a koho i nā mea hua nui loa.
Pā ma ka papa o ka poʻe ilihune a me nā aliʻi o ʻEulopa
Hōʻike pili i ka ʻike pili i kēia moʻomeheu o ka poʻe Europa i ka makahiki 7. Ma ka makahiki waena, ua lilo ka pī i kahi māla nui o ka māla a me ke kumu o ka ʻai no ka ʻilihune ʻilihune o ka lehulehu o nā ʻāina. I kēia manawa, komo ka mea kanu i ka UK. ʻO ka mea ʻeuʻeu ka pīpī i ʻai ʻia i nā wahi a pau i ka manawa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia ai, ʻano maʻalahi ia e like me nā hua i kanu ʻia.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi ma kahi ʻāina me kahi pōʻai ʻino ʻā koke i ka nui a loaʻa a loaʻa iā ia iho i ka waena o nā kuʻuna i ʻike ʻia.
Ua hoʻokau ʻia nā hoʻokūkū Pea ma ʻEnelani ma mua o ka hapa mau haneli, a ʻo ka hoʻopaʻi i kū ʻia i ka kenekulia 17, i ka manawa i kau ʻia ai ka mea lawehala ma luna o nā ʻōpala maloʻo, ʻike ʻia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa a hana mau ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi.
Akā, ʻo ka Farani ka ʻai i ka honua ka ʻike i ka ʻono o nā pī ʻala. No ka manawa mua, kahi paʻi no ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa akā ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia nā huaʻa kō kōlī ma ka 13th kenekulia. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua lawe mai ʻo Catherine de Medici i nā pīleole palani ʻo ia i Farani i ka mua ma mua o kona hoʻolālā ʻana e mare iā Henry II. Akā ma mua o ka hoihoi nui ʻana o nā māka ʻala, ua hala ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ma ke ʻano he moʻomeheu, a me Columbus i hōʻea i ʻAmelika, a i ka makahiki 1493 ua lulu ʻia ka pī i ka mokupuni ʻo Isabella. I loko wale nō o ka wā o ko Louis XIV, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Ianuali 18, 1660, ua mālama ʻia nā kele pīlī wai momona ma luna o ka papaʻaina o ke aliʻi, ka mea i loaʻa i ka manaʻo o nā mōʻī a me kona alo.
ʻO ka moʻolelo kacang Rusia
Ma Lūkia, ua hele ka lōʻihi o nā mea i hele ma lalo o ke Tsar Pea. ʻOiaʻiʻo, manaʻoʻiʻo nā loea a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo nā iwi Slavic mai lalo aʻe o ka Dnieper a hiki i Ladoga ua kamaʻāina maikaʻi me nā pī mai ka wā kahiko.
ʻO ka kumu o ka inoa o ka moʻomeheu he mau iwi maʻamau me ka Sanskrit "garshati", ʻo ia ka "grind." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma India, a me ka'āina o Transcaucasia, a ma Rūsia, he lepo nā pī, e hana ana i ka palaoa.
ʻO nā pīpī kahiko ka fossilized ma nā kapa o nā Seversky Donets no nā makahiki VI-IV SM. A ʻo nā makahiki mua o ka mileniuma hou ua hoʻi i nā hua i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i Minsk a me Pskov, Yaroslavl a ma ka ulu lāʻau o ka Leningrad Region. ʻO ka haʻi ʻana i nā pī i ke kumu o ka XI kenekulia, i ka manawa o Yaroslav ka Wise.
ʻO ka ʻili Sugar pīpī i nā palapala a nā ʻepekema, nā politika a me nā moʻolelo
Mahalo i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka ʻenehana mai 17th a i ka 19 mau kenekulia, ua pālahalaha ʻia nā pī e like me ka mea nui o ka hōʻiliʻili nui. ʻO kēia mea kanu kupanaha he makemake wale nō i ka poʻe mahiʻai, akā no nā mea kākau a me nā loea.
Ua kākau ʻia nā hana ma ka ʻōlelo moʻokalaleo ʻo G. Mendel e pili ana i nā loiloi maʻamau o ka hoʻoili.
A ma G.K. i kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1835 ʻO ka moʻolelo a Andersen e pili ana i ka ʻimi i ke kaikamahine mōʻī pono, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lilo i kumu nui.
Aia ma ka 1906, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 250 mau ʻano anu i nā kōnlu gula ma ka honua, i lilo i mea kaulana loa i USA a me ʻEulopa. Ma Lūkia, i ka makahiki 1913, hiki i hoʻokahi miliona hekahi o ka ʻāina māla i kanu ʻia ma lalo o kēia hua ʻai. ʻOiai nā hihia koʻikoʻi o kēlā mau makahiki e hōʻike nei i ka pālahalaha ʻana i nā pī a me kāna hana i ka hiki ʻana o nā huaʻai.
Ke lawe nei i ka agronomy i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia ma mua o ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ulu ko ʻAmelika Pelekikena Thomas Jefferson, me nā hua o nā māla ʻē aʻe, ua ulu ka nui o nā pī honi ma kahi o kona home, ke manaʻo nei he mea nui loa kēia mea kanu i kaʻai o ke kanaka.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kete hua no nā huaʻai Prince Albert, i mālama 'ia e ka pelekikena ʻekolu, ma ka māla o kēia manawa ma Monticello.
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo ka pīnī i a lākou iho, ma hope o ka nānā ʻia ʻana e nā luna luna o ka ʻāina, ua komo maoli nō i ka papa hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻAmelika. Akā i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIX, ua hōʻea ka pī i ka make o kahi moku nui. ʻO ka lawe kaʻa nui, ka mea i lele aku ma luna o nā ʻōpala, i kahi o ka wai i ninini ai ma loko o ka lua, ma hope o kekahi manawa, e like me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana, i pohala maoli ʻia e nā ʻeneki nui i hana i nā kāʻau o ka moku.
Ke ulu nei i nā ʻano o ke kō a me ka peeling pī i ka honua
A hiki i ka kenekulia hope, ua uhi ʻia nā kaona o ka ʻili i ka honua a me nā hua maloʻo o nā ʻala nunui.
I kēia lā, ua hoʻomake ʻia nā mea kanu e nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pī, kahi i ʻai ʻia me ka poli maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia.
ʻO kēia i hoʻolauna ʻia e ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā pī, a me ka pono o ka lulu ʻenehana, hoʻomoe a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā pī. I ka nui o nā wahi i noho ʻia e ka peeling pī, i kēia lā ʻo Kanada ke alakaʻi, kahi i waiho ʻia ai kahi heiʻe e hōʻike ana i kēia lāʻau kanu i Saskatchewan.
ʻO nā mea nui nā mea hana honua nui o China ka India a me India, ʻokoʻa ka hope o ka European Union. Ma waho aʻe o ka manaʻo he huahana momona nā huaʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ka moʻomeheu i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hānai holoholona a me ke kō, nā protein a me nā plastics. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hua pīkoi o kēia mau lā i mua o ka wā ma mua, he kū i ka maʻi a me ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana No laila, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pīpī pīpī pālapa, loaʻa nā hua i nā pīni ʻaole ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pīni gula maikaʻi, a me nā ʻano i mālama ʻia no ka wā lōʻihi a me nā hōʻola no ka palaoa a me ka palaoa.
E kanu huaʻai, a he aha paha e kanu ai ma hope o nā pī
Akā ʻo ka mea punahele e pili ana i nā pī, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka lepo me ka nitrogen, nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai nani i nā mahiʻai a me nā plots pilikino.
Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā pī i ka ʻaoʻao o ke aʻa o ka mea kanu, a hiki i ka nui o nā ʻumi o ka kala o ka haukela i hoʻokahi mita e koe.
I ka wā hoʻoili, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i ʻekolu mau huaʻai i nā pī, he mea maʻalahi loa kāna ʻano ʻoihana mahiai. A waiwai nō nā ʻāpana o nā pī i ka ʻākena, ʻo ia ka mea e ulu ai kēia ʻano pīpī ma ke ʻano he siderate a me nā mea kanu kūlohelohe ma mua, ma hope o ke ʻano me nā mea kanu o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
He aha e kanu ai ma hope o nā pī, ʻo wai nā ʻano kaiāulu e loaʻa ai i kēia hua? ʻO ka mea kupaianaha nō, ua ʻike maoli ʻia ka pī e nā mea kanu āpau ma mua o ka māla o ke kīhāpai, a me nā kaloti, nā kukala, nā ʻōpala a me ka lūlū, nā kāpala, nā ʻuala a me ka palaoa, ka mōlia, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e pili pono i ia. Inā ʻoe e kanu i nā hua kō kōlepa ma hope aʻe o ka nati, ke kāleka a me nā ʻoliki, e hoʻomanawanui ka mea kanu.
