Ke ulu nei i kahi mea kanu, kanu mea kanu hinu (ʻO Ricinus komunis) mai ka ʻohana Euphorbiaceae, aiʻole Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbiaceae) kaulana i ka wā kahiko: Loaʻa kāna mau hua ma nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaoh Egypt. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻike moolelo ʻike kahiko o ka poʻe Helene kahiko, ko ʻAigupita, nā Roma a me nā ʻ Arablelo Arapi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nō hoʻi ka mea kanu i ka Baibala. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kiʻi o ka aila hinu kolo i nā paia o ka luakini ma Thebes.
Hoʻolohe ʻO ka hua aila Castor e loaʻa i kahi mea e make ai - ricin, i loko o ka hana hoʻomohala i huli i ka aila. No laila, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻalohi he pōpilikia, hiki i kahi meaʻeha loa ʻEono mau hua kanu no nā keiki, a he iwakālua no nā pākeke. Mea ʻona hoʻi ka aila oilcake.
ʻO ka mea kanu lāʻau Castor maʻamau. © Drew AveryI ka makahiki mua o AD e. Ua wehewehe ʻo Science Scientine ʻo Pliny i nā ʻano o kēia lāʻau a kapa iā ia ʻo "castor", e unuhi i ka "hōʻailona", no ka like me nā hua o kēia holoholona. Mai ia mai nei kahi hele o ka inoa kuʻina o kleshevy.
Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe botanist e pili ana i ka home o ka castor bean North a me Africa Africa, kahi i kēia manawa i ka wā i kūleʻa ai nā kumulāʻau i nā kapakai kahakai. Mai ke kahakai, pae koke ka aila o uka i uka. He mea hānau paha nā manu i kēia hoʻolaha, kahi e ʻāpono mau nei i nā hua o ka mea kanu. I ka manawa like, nā huakaʻi e hele ana ma o ka wahi o ka digestive, ʻaʻole e hoʻonele wale i ka germination, akā e hoʻonui pū kekahi.
Ua hoʻomohala lōʻihi nā iwi ʻAmelika i ka aila castor. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kino me ka aila mai nā hua, hāʻawi kēia i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka ʻili a hoʻomālamalama, a i ka manawa maloʻo ua pale ʻo ia ia mai ke anuanu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka aila i mea e hana ai i nā ʻili a me nā ʻili, e hoʻomālamalama i nā hale, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka huapalapala i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai, a ma hope loa, e kuke ai i ka meaʻai (ʻoiai ua nalowale ka hinu i kāna waiwai laxative). Ua hana ʻia nā kaula a me nā kāwili i nā hua i kālai ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia lā ma Beanial a me North Africa castor bean e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma he pā a puni nā mea kanu o ka taba, ka ʻalī a i ʻole ka ʻuala.
Nā hua ʻai o Castor Oil maʻamau. © H. ZellA laila e hoʻomaka ka hoʻomana ʻia o ka loea o ka mea kanu loiloi a puni ka honua. ʻO ka mea mua, hele i India, a laila ma Asia. Ua lawe ʻia mai ka ʻaila Castor i ʻAmelika e nā poʻe noho keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he mea kanu lāʻau, a ʻo ka wikiwiki koke, e lilo ana i kahi iʻa, a noho ʻo ia i kona iho kokoke i ka hale o kānaka. I ʻEulopa, ua ʻike wale ʻia ka makemake o ka ʻaila castor ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ma hope o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka Pelekania i nā hua a hiki i Ladana mai kā lākou kolone. ʻO ka hiki wikiwiki o ka ʻenehana ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka koi no ka ʻaila mai ka mea ʻala a ka mea kanu kipi, no ka mea, he huli no he mea e pono ai nā mea i hana ʻia nā pono mīkini.
Ua hele mai ʻo Castor bean i Lūkia i ka lua o ka hapa o ka makahiki 19; ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi o nā mea hana ma ka ʻĀina ma lalo o Persian Shah. Hele mai ʻo ia iā mākou mai India mai Peresia. Ua hoʻoulu ʻia i lalo o ka inoa ʻo "hemp hemo" ma Caucasus, a laila ma Asia Koko. Ua kāʻili ʻia nā kāmaʻa i ka aila castor, ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia iā lākou, ka hoʻomālamalama i nā hale, a ua hoʻohana nā kauka i nā huaʻala e loaʻa ai ka ʻaila castor. I kēia manawa, i ka 1913 ʻaʻohe mea make o ka hua māla huaʻai ma Lūkia, ua hui kū pono ʻia ka pono o ka ʻāina ma o nā mea hoʻokomo. I kēia manawa, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu castor ma nā panalāʻau o Krasnodar a me Stavropol. ʻO ka māhele Rostov a me Kauka Kauleʻa. Ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa kahi mea maʻemaʻe o ka laula, ua kohu ʻia wale ia i ke kanu hiʻona, no ka nui o nā lau a me nā hua mua.
Kila aila Castor (Ricinus komunis). ʻO ka hoʻolālā Botanical mai ke Kauka ʻo Medizinal-Pflanzen, 1887Kele ʻia ka aila Castor ma nā wahi a me nā subtropics. ʻO ka mea alakaʻi nui o kāna mau huaʻaina ʻo India (71% o ka ʻai honua. Ma ka lua kahi o Kina. He wahi koʻikoʻi i noho ʻia e ka ʻaina castor ma Brazil, ʻAsia, Kenya, Angola, Paraguay a me Thailand.
Ma hope aku, ma lalo o ke ʻano o ke koho lōʻihi ʻana, nā ʻano like ʻole e kanu ai i ke ea kūlohelohe. I kēia lā, ua ulu ka aila oilor ma ke ʻano he mea kanu a kū i ka 56 ° N.
No laila, ua hoʻomau nā a castor oil i nā ʻāpana āpau, hiki ke loaʻa i nā māla a i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā māla, a me ka kūlohelohe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. He kūlohelohe, ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ke kanu, nāʻokoʻa i nā kūlana noho, mālama pono, ua loli nui ka helehelena o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopilikia kēia hana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau o ka genus. Ricinus. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, ke manaʻo nei ka hapa nui o nā mea hua loea e pili ana i ka mea kanu ulu loiloi i kēia mau ʻano like ʻole. He aha kona ʻano?
I nā tropic a me subtropics, castor bean kahi mea ola i kahi mea ulu manu. Ma Vietnam, no ka laʻana, ua hōʻea ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mika a ola a hiki i ka 10 a mau makahiki paha. A i ka lemu i ka hoʻoilo ʻana e hoʻoilo ʻia a no laila ke kanu ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki. Akā i ke ala waena i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke ulu a hiki i 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe.
Kena mea kanu Castor huaʻai maʻamau. © Josh Egan-WyerI ka floriculture, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻonani me nā ʻakania ʻokoʻa like ʻole. Ma Lūkini, ʻo ka laulā maʻamau ākea ka 'Cossack' - kahi kanu branching ikaika a hiki i ka 2 m kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā kumuʻala he brown-red, shiny. ʻO nā lau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me nā veins ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula nā ʻōpiopio me nā ʻili keʻokeʻo ma nā kihi o nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pua i ka stigmas a uliuli kala. ʻO nā pahu o ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, poni a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula, kahi e hoʻomau a hiki i ka ʻūhū ʻana i nā hua.
ʻO ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa, nā mea kanu castor oil-red, nā hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ke kāʻei melemele a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula maikaʻi o nā lau. Ua kohu ʻia kēia mea kanu e nā ʻĀsapi e koho ʻia, ka mea, ma lalo o ke ʻano semi-wana, kanu nā mea kanu a hoʻi hou lākou i ka ʻohi wale nō i nā hua. I ka hopena, ua ola nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke anuanu, a ua hiki i nā hua ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā mea i wāe ʻole ʻole ai nā pahu.
Ke nānā nei i kekahi mau lula, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ulu a me nā mea kanu olakino maikaʻi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe o ka aila castor e hele mai i kahi mahana wela, no laila e ulu maikaʻi ana a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka lā, nā wahi ʻoluʻolu me ke kanu, nā ʻāina kūwaho. Ma muli o ka ulu lohi ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala a me ke aloha aloha ʻokoʻa (ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke kū i ka frosts a me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana o ka wā lōʻihi), pono e kanu ʻia i ka lepo ma kahi mau ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pūnāwai puna, pua. No ka loaʻa o nā hua maikaʻi, pono nā līlī a kanu ʻia ma Malaki i loko o nā pā o ka pālahalaha loa he 20 cm. Pono e hoʻomoʻū ʻia nā hua i ka lā ma mua. Pono nā poʻe huaiki e kali i kahi lōʻihi loa, a ʻekolu mau pule, i kahi mahana e hoʻemi ʻole a emi mai ka + 15 ° C. Me ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o nā puka kiʻekiʻe, no laila e ʻike ʻia ka nani o nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu wale nō a hoʻohana ʻole e like me ke ʻano no nā mea kanu pua.
ʻO ka mea kanu lāʻau Castor maʻamau. © ʻO Andreas FrühʻO ke ʻano a me ka noi
Ma mua, ua ʻokoʻa nā ʻano he nui i ka monotypic genus Kleshchevina, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi o ka castor castor, a i ʻole ʻAmelika (Ricinus arborescens, a i ka Ricinus africanus) i mea leʻaleʻa no ka mea ua waiho kona lau ma ke ʻano he meaʻai no Saturnia cynthia worm, e hoʻohua ana i ka siliki melemele.
Kūkulu ʻia ka Castor mea kanu i loko o nā māla me ka mea kanu lāʻau wikiwiki. Maikaʻi ʻo ia ma kahi pāla i kahi ʻāina hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana (3-5 ʻāpana) ʻole o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hāʻawi i nā hui i like ka hopena i makemake ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i ka' aila Castor e hana i nā pā o lalo.
Akā, hanai ʻia ʻo Castor bean no ka ʻili hua ʻai (Semina Ricini vulgaris, Semina cataputiae majoris), mai ia manawa kolo.
ʻO ka mea kanu lāʻau Castor maʻamau.
Aila ʻaila
I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa i ka aila castor i ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao - i paʻi ʻia a i ʻole anu ʻia ka wela.
Kāhea ʻia ka mea hoʻonaninani (color castc visor) a ka mea i loaʻa e ke kaomi wela, akā he waiwai waiwai nui a i ka nui o nā hihia. ʻAʻole maloʻo ia, ʻo ia ka lalo loa a me ka hiʻona o nā aila āpau, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wela o ka -18-22 C, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ʻaka (ʻokoʻa kēia ʻokoʻa i nā ʻaila lāʻau ʻona), akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka aila, ʻaʻole pili i ka lāʻau, a hoʻopau i ke koena. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, hoʻohana ia e like me ka aila hoʻopiha piha maikaʻi loa i nā mokulele, nā pōhaku, nā mea hana paʻa a me nā wihi. Eia kekahi, he maikaʻi ka aila no ka hana ʻana o nā varnish kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāpana, nā plastik, nā mea hoʻouluulu, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me ka hau.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka aila castor, loaʻa wale ma ka pē ʻana malū. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka mea maʻi bakterial a me ka laxative ikaika (ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka papa kihi 1 / 2-2, ma hope o 4-5 mau hola a i ʻole ma mua, he hopena laxative), me ka la o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻaila pakanā, no ka laʻana, ʻO Vishnevsky poni.
ʻO ka mea kanu lāʻau Castor maʻamau. © Marc RyckaertKe lawe nei i ka aila castor, hoʻomohala ka hopena o ka ʻōpū o ka uterine, no laila ke koho ʻia nei ka ʻaila i loko o ka hana obstetric e hoʻoulu ai i ka hana o ka hana me ka lāʻau ʻololi.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka aila Castor no ka pale ʻana o ka lau o ka lauoho.
Hoʻolohe Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila castor i loaʻa ma ka home hiki ke hopena i ka make! Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā mea laʻala i loko o nā hua castor wale nō me ka hana hoʻoneʻe i ʻenehana kūikawā.
ʻAʻole kāhea ʻia ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi o ka aila castor, no ka mea e alakaʻi nei i ka nalowale o ka makemake a hoʻopau i ka hopena laxative. ʻO ka aila Castor i kekahi mau hihia i hana i ka maʻiʻuhane, ua pono ia e hoʻohana i ia i nā capsula gelatin.
Nā Hoʻohui Papa:
- Tatyana Terentyeva. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu huaʻa Castor // In World of Plants 2004, No. 8. - pp. 12-15.
- Turov. A. D., Sapozhnikova. E. N / Nā lāʻau lapaʻau o ka USSR a me kā lākou hoʻohana. - Ekolu ed., Paia. a hoʻohui. - M .: Kauka, 1982, 304 p. - me 192-193.
