Pākuʻi kukui. Māhele 2: Nā kukui no nā mea kanu kukui

Pākuʻi kukui.

Māhele 1: No ke aha e hoʻomālamalama ai i nā mea kanu. Nā Lumens Mahu Hoʻohana
Māhele 2: Nā kukui no nā mea kanu kukui
Māhele 3: Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana kukui

E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano o nā kukui i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu.
Aia kahi ʻano ʻelua o kēlā mau kukui: nā kukui incandescent, kahi kahi pihi, a me nā kukuiiho-kukui, kahi i hana ʻia ai ke kukui ma ke kīwī ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻopili pono i nā kukui kukui a pili i waho, i nā kukui aila ʻole e hana ai i nā pono ballast kūikawā, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he ballast. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokili ʻia kēia mau kukui, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi o kā lākou mau pouna e like me nā kukui lamulona. Hiki i nā kukui māmā hou ke kiʻi ʻia i nā kukui i hoʻopili ʻia i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ke kumu.

Piʻo kukui

ʻO kēia mau kukui, i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kukui incandescent maʻamau, i ʻoka ʻia i ka chandelier ma ka lewa, aia kekahi mau kukui ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka kukui kukui Halogen me kahi mea hoʻihoʻi-i kūkulu ʻia

Nā kukui halepapakahi e hui ai ke ʻano o nā mea i loko o ka pulu, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ke kukui a me ke ola o ke kukui. Mai hoʻohilahila i kēia mau kukui me nā kukui metal halide kukui, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kukui halide metal. Ke hoʻohana nei nā kukui hou i kahi hui ʻana o nā krypton a me nā kinena xenon. Ma muli o kēia, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale o ke ʻano o ke kaila.

ʻO nā kukui NeodymiumʻO kā lākou mau lehelehe e hana i ke aniani me kahi hoʻohui o neodymium (Chromalux Neodym, Eurostar Neodymium). Hoʻopili ʻia kēia aniani i ka ʻāpana melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kahaluni a hoʻomālamalama ʻia i nā mea i ʻike ʻia ke aniani. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ke hāʻawi i ka ipukukui i mau mālamalama ma mua o ka mea maʻamau.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana nā kukui kukuiila e hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻohe kūpono lākou no nā kumu ʻelua - ʻAʻohe hewa kala uliuli i ke kahe (ʻo ka ʻaoʻao mua e wehewehe i kēia) a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (17-25 Lm / W). Hiki i nā kukui incandescent kahi wela, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonoho ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu, inā ʻaʻole e pau nā mea kanu. A o ka waiho ʻana o kēia mau kukui ma kahi mamao ma mua o hoʻokahi hoʻokahi mika mai ka mea kanu hāʻawi i nā mea ʻole. No laila, i ka floriculture i loko, hoʻohana wale ʻia kēlā mau kukui no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka ea ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kekahi hoʻohana ʻē aʻe o ke kukui kukuiahi e hui pū ʻia me kahi kukui ake ʻokoʻa, i loko o ke kikoʻī o ia mea he mālamalama liʻiliʻi. No ka laʻana, ka hui ʻana o kahi pālamalama kukui anuanu a me kahi kukui incandescent e loaʻa i kahi kikoʻowae maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kukui kīleʻa ma mua o kahi kukui kukuiahi.

ʻO kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia nā kukui kūikawā no nā mālamalama o nā mea kanu no ke kūʻai aku, no ka laʻana, ʻo OSRAM Concentra Spot Natura me kahi mea hoʻomohala kūkulu i kūkulu ʻia. ʻAʻole like kēia mau kukui ma nā mea maʻamau i ke kumukūʻai (ma kahi o 80-100 rubles ma Moscow no kahi kukui me ka mana o 75-100 mau aniani. Akā ke kumu o ka hana, a, a no laila, ʻo ke kūleʻa o kēia mau kukui ua like ia me nā kukui o ke kukui incandescent maʻamau.

ʻO ke kumu nui aila nā kukui kukui

ʻIke ʻia nā kukui o kēia ʻano i ka poʻe āpau - maʻamau i nā kumu hoʻonaʻau o loko kūloko. ʻO nā kukui Fluorescent e kūpono no ka hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu ma mua o nā kukui lamalama. Ma kahi o nā pono, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka māmā o ka māmā (50-70 Lm / W). ʻO ka hemahema o kēlā mau kukui, ʻaʻole lawa nā mālamalama no ka hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, inā he lawa ka lawa, a laila ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka lapalapa. Pono kēia mau kukui

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi papahana kukui e hoʻohana ana i nā kukui fluorescent

nā luminaires me nā mea pono ballast kūikawā (ballast, ballast) ʻO kēia mea hana o ʻelua ʻano ʻano - electromagnetic (EMPR - kahi pākeke me kahi starter) a me nā uila (uila ballast, electronic ballast). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lua: ʻaʻole nā kukui o ka wili i ka huli ʻana a hana, ke ola kukui a me ka nui o ke kukui i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka mālamalama. Hoʻonohonoho kekahi mau leila uila iā ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i ke aniani o ka nani o nā kukui, no ka laʻana, mai kahi ʻike waho waho. Ma hoʻokahi wale nō pilikia, inā ʻo ke kumukūʻai maʻalahi ma Moscow e kūʻai ma kahi o 200 rubles, a laila hoʻomaka nā kumukūʻai no nā ballast uila ma ka 900 rubles, a me nā pahola uila uila hoʻololi ʻia ma mua o 2000 rubles me kahi mea hoʻoponopono ʻole, he uku ka $ 70 a me $ 90 (hiki i kahi mea hana ke hoʻopiʻi. nui nā ʻano).

Aia i ka kukui kukui ke lōʻihi. Hāʻawi nā kukui lōʻihi i nā kukui. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia, inā hiki, lōʻihi a me nā kukui ikaika, no ka mea he kiʻekiʻe ka hopena o ka māmā. I nā huaʻōlelo, 2 mau kukui o 36 watts i kēlā me kēia ma mua o 4 mau kukui o 18 watts i kēlā me kēia.

Pono e hali aku nā kukui i nā hapalua mika mai nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻohana ponoʻana o nā kukui fluorescent ʻo ia nā pale me nā mea kanu e like me ke kiʻekiʻe like. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kukui i kahi mamao a hiki i 15 cm no nā mea kanu photophilous, a ma kahi mamao o 15-50 cm no nā mea kanu e makemake i ka pale ʻāina. I ka manawa like, kau ʻia ka backlight i ka lōʻihi o ke kaola o ke kahe a i ʻole ke kaʻaʻi.

Nā kukui kukui ʻokoʻa

ʻO kēia mau kukui, he ʻokoʻa nā mālamalama nui ākea wale nō ma ka uhi ʻana i ke aniani ʻōwau. Ma muli o kēia, kokoke ke kiko o ka pehu o kēia mau kukui i ka kikoʻī e pono ai nā mea kanu. Ma Moscow, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā kukui mai nā mea hana e like me OSRAM-Sylvania, Philips, GE, etc. Hoʻololi ʻia nā kukui i hana ʻia me Rūkiu me kahi kikoʻī e hoʻāluulu ʻia ai nā mea kanu lāʻau.

ʻO nā kumukūʻai no nā kukui kūikawā ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kukui no ke kumu laulā, akā i kekahi manawa ke hoʻāpono nei ʻo ia iā ia iho. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike, ka ʻike pilikino o kekahi o nā mea kākau (A. Litovkin): I ka wā hoʻoilo a ka hoʻoilo mua i kaʻu mau mea kanu, ʻike wau inā ʻaʻole maloʻo lākou, ua maopopo maoli lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. I hoʻoholo ia e hōʻike iā lākou - ua kau ʻia kahi kukui ma nā kukui he 1200 mm. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukui i hana ʻia i loko me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i waiho ʻia i loko. Ua ola hou nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole holo i ka neʻe ʻana i ka ulu. A laila, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua loli pono nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau e OSRAM Fluora. A ma hope o kēlā, e like me kā lākou i ʻōlelo ai, "lūlū ʻia".

Inā ʻoe e hoʻonoho i kahi kukui ma mua o ka mea kahiko, he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻohana i kahi kukui hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ka mana like, hāʻawi ʻia kēlā kukui i nā kukui "maikaʻi" no nā mea kanu. Akā i ka wā e kau ai i kahi pūnaehana hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kau ʻana i nā kukui maʻamau ikaika loa (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui nā puʻuwai hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe), ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi ana i ka mālamalama, ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu ma mua o ka kiko.

ʻAkuhi pālākō pāpaʻi

E hele mai kēia mau kukui a i ʻole kū ʻole paha i kahi ballast i kūkulu ʻia. Ma Moscow, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kukui o nā mea hoʻokumu o ka honua a me nā kukui a me nā mea i hana ʻia (MELZ), kahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i like ka maikaʻi me ko lākou mau kauka haole, akā ma ke kumu kūʻai kumu kūʻai.

ʻO ke kukui kukui ʻohi

ʻOkoʻa nā kukui a me nā ballast i kūkulu ʻia mai nā ʻōhua nui o ka pahuhulu a me nā pahuhopu i loko o nā kinikini liʻiliʻi wale nō a me ka maʻalahi o nā hoʻohana - hiki ke ʻalo ʻia i nā pahu kāʻala. I kēiaʻano, hana ʻia nā mau kukui e hoʻohuli i nā kukui incandescent i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ana nā lumi, a me kā lākou spekole e like me nā kukui incandescent, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa no nā mea kanu.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana i kēia mau kukui e hoʻomālamalama i kekahi mau, compactly kū lāʻau. No ka loaʻa o ka flux luminous maʻamau, ʻo ka mana o ka ipukukui ma kahi o ka 20 W (mea hoʻohālike i ka 100 W no ke kukui incandescent), a ʻo ka mamao ka mea kanu i ʻole nā mea o 30-40 mau kenimika.

I ke kūʻai aku nei aia nā kukui fluorescent māmā o nā mana kiʻekiʻe - mai 36 a 55 watts. Hāʻawi kēia mau kukui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uila (20% -30%) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kukui fluorescent maʻamau, lōʻihi ke ola, nā ʻāpana kala maikaʻi loa (CRI> 90) a me kahi ākea kahi ulaula a me nā kala e pono ai nā mea kanu. Hiki iā Compactness iā ʻoe e hoʻohana pono i nā kukui me ka mea noʻonoʻo, kahi mea nui. ʻO kēia mau kukui ke koho maikaʻi loa no nā kukui lāʻau, me kahi ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi o ka uila (a hiki i ka 200 watts o ka nui piha). ʻO ka mea pono ʻole ke kumukūʻai nui a me ka pono e hoʻohana i nā pōpoki uila no nā kukui ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā kukui

ʻO nā kukui aʻelima mau kukui e nā kukui māmā loa. Ua hakakā lākou i ka nui. Hiki i ke kī ʻana ke kukui kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu e noho i kahi wahi nui. Me kēia mau kukui e pono ai e hoʻohana i nā pōpoki kūikawā. Pono e hoʻolilo i kahi mea kūpono e hoʻohana i kēlā mau kukui inā ʻoe e pono ke ʻano o ke kukui - me ka nui o ke koina ma lalo o 200-300 W, ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui compores fluorescent.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu mau kukui e hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu: mercury, sodium, a me nā halide metala, i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia nā kukui halide metala.

Nā kukui kukui

ʻO OSRAM Floraset ka luminaire mea kanu me kahi kukui i hana ʻia.

ʻO ke ʻano ka inoa kahiko loa o nā kukui hoʻokuʻu a pau. Aia nā kukui kukui ʻole kahi haʻalulu hāmeʻa hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala (ʻoi aku nā mea āpau maemae ma lalo o ke kukui o kēia mau kukui) a me nā kukui hou i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona. He liʻiliʻi ka pā ʻana o ke kukui ʻana o ia mau kukui. Kūkulu kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā mea kanu no nā mea kanu e hoʻohana ana i nā kukui mercury, no ka laʻana, OSRAM Floraset. Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana i kahi ʻōnaehana kukui hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kū ʻole i nā kukui mercury.

Nā kukui kukui Kalima

ʻO nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūpono o nā kūmole kumu e pono ai e pili ana i ka hoʻoiho māmā. Hoʻokū pili ka ʻaoʻao o kēia mau kukui i nā pua o nā mea kanu ma ka wahi ʻulaʻula o ka kikoʻī, nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aʻa a me ka pua.

Mai nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia aku no ke kūʻai aku, ʻo nā mea i makemake nui ʻia nā kukui Reflax mai Svetotekhnika ʻoihana o ka hana DnA (e nānā i ke kiʻi). ʻO kēia mau kukui ke hana ʻia me kahi reflector i kūkulu ʻia; hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā pahu pale ʻole me ka ʻole o ka pale i mālama ʻia (ʻaʻole like me nā kukui sodium a loaʻa i kahi waiwai nui (12-20 mau hola).

Hāʻawi nā kukui Sodium i kahi nui o ke kukui, no laila hiki ke hoʻomālamalama koke i kahi kukui kima ʻokoʻa nui (250 W a i luna) kahi wahi nui, ʻo ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomālamalama i nā māla hoʻoilo a me nā hōʻiliʻili nui. Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā mau hihia, e neʻe i ka hoʻololi iā lākou me nā mercury a i ʻole nā mea halala hoʻomalu e kaulike ai i ka palaki o ka radiation.

Nā kukui halide metala

Metal halide kukui CDM (Philips) (Metal halide lamp)

ʻO nā kukui makamae nui loa no ka hoʻomōhulu i nā mea kanu he mana kiʻekiʻe, kahi punahele lōʻihi, a me kahi kikoʻala pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau kukui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopihapiha. Ke kūʻai aku nei nā kukui ala hou me kahi kilia ceramino i hana ʻia e Philips (CDM), OSRAM (HCI) me ka nui o ka lālani hoʻolōʻihi hāmeʻa (CRI = 80-95). Hoʻopuka ke ʻano hanahana i loko o nā kukui kukui DRI. ʻO ke kiko he like me ia no ka nui o nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe.

Nā kukui halide metala

ʻOiai ka mea o ka waihona o ke kukui halide metala (ʻākau) he like ia me ke kumu o ke kukui incandescent (hema) pono ia i kahi kaila kūikawā.

Ma hope

Ma kahi o ka afterword - he aha a he aha mea pono ai.

Inā pono ʻoe e hana i ka wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki, a laila hoʻohana i nā kukui incandescent a i ʻole ka compact fluorescent kukui me ka ballast i kūkulu ʻia, hiki ke kū i loko o kahi pahu kaila maʻamau.

Hiki i nā mea kanu kokoke i ka hoʻomalamalama mai i nā ʻano he nui. Kūpono i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi o ka lōʻihi o kahi kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka hapalua mika) ka hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi loa ʻia me nā kukui compores fluorescent. No nā lāʻau kanu manawaleʻa, hiki ke mālama i nā kukui kukui a me nā kukui hoʻomoʻi wai me ka mana a hiki i 100 watts.

Inā loaʻa nā mea kanu e pili ana i ka like o ke kiʻekiʻe like i nā pahu a i ʻole ma ka windowsill, e hoʻohana i nā kukui fluorescent paha a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā compact kukui o ka mana kiʻekiʻe. E noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i nā hoʻohālikelike me nā kukui fluorescent - e hoʻonui nui lākou i ka maʻi luminous maikaʻi loa.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi māla maloʻo nui, a laila e hoʻokomo i nā kukui siling me nā kukui hoʻolaʻu kiʻekiʻe (250 W a i luna).

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kukui e wehewehe ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai uila.

I ka hopena, hōʻike ka papa i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike o nā ipukukui a me nā ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻomālamalama i nā mea kanu.