ʻO nā mea ʻala momona ma luna o nā moena Lūkia i lilo i hōʻailona maoli no ke kauwela e hiki mai ana. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka paʻakai hale i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki. Akā i loko o nā hale kūʻai i nā makahiki āpau a hāʻawi lākou i nā huahana mai Helene, Serbia, nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻĀpana, ke Mediterranean a me Netherlands.
He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻōpala, a i nā wahi i kapa ʻole ʻia ke kuikele e kapa ʻia a me ka mahana, hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi?
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau strawberry
Ma ke kikowaena waena, hiki ke loli wikiwiki ka ʻōpala o nā hua lāʻau i ka ʻāina. Akā e kiʻi i kahi ʻula i kēlā me kēia manawa a kokoke ʻole kahi hoʻomaha, hiki wale nō ma lalo o ke ʻano.
- ka kanu ʻana i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me nā kūlana kūpono ʻole;
- mea kanu meaʻai;
- ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mālamalama kūpono a me ka wai inu;
- ke koho paʻa o nā hua a mālama i kāna ʻākena no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kanu.
Aia ma ka Netherlands ʻo ia ka ʻenehana like ʻana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻōpala i loko o kahi home ulu. Hāʻawi ka poʻe mahiʻai kūloko i ka hapanui o ʻEulopa me nā huaʻai, a ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻenehana mahū e pili ana i ka distillation i ʻike ai i ka Dutch.
ʻO nā pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki
Hoʻohui like ka moʻomeheu berry i nā hua me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o nā ao i ke aniani o ka mālama ʻana i ka pō o ke ao a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana kūikawā a me nā kūlana haʻahaʻa. Akā e hoʻokō ʻoe i kahi hua ulu e pono ai, inā i kēlā me kēia mahina ʻelua e kanu ai i nā lāʻau hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana o nā hua lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki āpau e hoʻopili nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lako koʻikoʻi o nā mea kanu. Inā hiki i nā māla nui ke kūʻai i nā hua kanu, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe noho o ke kauwela e ulu ma luna o lākou.
Hōʻike ka ʻike no ka mahiʻai ʻana o ʻEulopa a me Kina i nā hua lāʻau ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka manawa wela, ke kali nei no ka manawa o ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka mahana pākē a hiki i ka 9 mau mahina. A inā hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hou i kēiaʻano no ka distillation, a laila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ʻelua wale nō i ka makahiki. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua o nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua ulu nā mea ʻōpala i nā lāʻau pana wale nō, akā, ma nā ʻano wai, nā ʻeke a me nā hana kūpaʻa, e hoʻohana ana i nā hāmeʻa hoʻoheheʻe no ka irrigation.
ʻĀniha ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōlima māmā
ʻO ka nānā nui ʻana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻenehana Dutch no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau i loko o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kukui hou, aia kahi kikoʻī e kokoke ana i ka lā. Hāʻawi ʻia nā kukui i kahi mika ma luna o nā pae ʻāina, a e hoʻonui i ka pono o ke kukui i loko o ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea hoʻomehana wai e hoʻohana ikaika.
Ua pane maikaʻi ʻo Strawberry i ka hoʻonui i ke ao i ke ao i nā hola 12-16.
- hiki i nā mea kanu ke pua i loko o 10 mau lā;
- e hoʻomaka ka hua ʻana i ka lā 35.
Hoʻohana pono ka nui o nā kukui i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, inā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lā ma waho, hiki ke huli ʻia nā kukui.
Hoʻohui kālā e like me ka ʻenehana o ka ulu ʻana i nā mākala i loko o kahi kāʻai
Hāʻawi ʻia ka pahuhō i hāʻawi ʻia e kēia ʻenehana, inā he kahe a i ʻole ka waiʻu subwail, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka makika e hele i nā lau a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu, a hele aku ka wai a pau no kāna kumu i manaʻo ʻia.
- Pale kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi o ka moʻomeheu Berry.
- Mālama i ka wai hoʻoneʻe i ka wai a me ka ikaika o ka mea noho o ke kauwela.
- Mālama i ka wai no ka irrigation e hoʻopakele i ka ikehu a kokoke i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
- Ma o ka papa o ka lawena, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā maniua e pono ai a me ka lole o luna ma lalo o ke koʻe.
No ka hele ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ke aʻa, ʻaʻole lilo ka lepo i ka wai ʻole a maloʻo ʻole. A kōkua ka papa subsoil i ka hoʻohui o ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā māla.
Pēlā ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hua lāʻau ʻōpala
Hoʻoikaika, ka hua o nā mea kanu i loko o ka makahiki he hiki ʻole ke kī ʻole o kahi ʻāina i ka momona o ka pono.
Ke hoʻohana nei nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana strawberry Dutch i kahi ākea ākea.
I nā kūlana kauwela, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i kahi hui ʻana o:
- loamy soddy lepo waiwai i ka waiwai organik, akā heʻuʻuku iki;
- hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka urea solution sawdust hoʻohui ʻia no ka looseness ma ka helu ʻehiku mau māhele i ʻelua hapa o ka honua;
- kīʻaha o ka lehu lāʻau, ke kō a i ka palaoa dolomite;
- piula lepo haʻahaʻa, hoʻoulu maikaʻi a mālama i ka makuhū, a ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke keleawe keleawe a me ka mullein i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka hopena i ka hāwili ʻana;
- ʻekaʻa mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā koena organik a i ʻole manure;
- ka one koala one, i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka nui o 10% o ka nui o ka nui o ka hui i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.
Ma mua o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ipu no ka kanu ʻana i nā strawberry, ua hui maikaʻi ʻia ka substrate, ke koho ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Microclimate i loko o kahi hale no ka mauʻalaʻala
ʻO ka mea kūpono loa, e like me ka ʻenehana o nā mea ulu kūpaʻa a puni ka makahiki āpau, ke manaʻo ʻia nei he ana ka pele mai 18 a 25 ºС. ʻO ka manawa wale nō o ka ejection o nā peluncles ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kahi mahana a hiki i 21 ºº.
- Hiki i ke mahana haʻahaʻa ma loko o ke kālena ke hoʻomohala i nā pua lōʻihi a me nā hōʻino maikaʻi ʻole.
- Hoʻokumu nui kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke kanu i ka pollinate a hoʻonohonoho i nā hua waina.
Hoʻokomo maikaʻi nā hua lāʻau Strawberry i kahi hāʻule i kahi mahana ma lalo o 12 mau kiʻekiʻe a me kona hoʻonui ʻana iā 35 ºС. Pono ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo e mālama i ka ea o ka ea ma waena o 70-80%. Inā maloʻo ka ea, pono ka pālahalaha ʻana. Hoʻemi ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ka neʻe ʻana o ke ʻano.
E hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu o nā mea kanu a lawe i ka hua e pili kokoke ana, ʻike nā kānaka noho i ke kauwela ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka carbon dioxide i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ka hoʻonui iā ia i ka 0.1%, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomālamalama i nā kukui.
Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka kanu hua lāʻau e hiki ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole:
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma ka māla ʻāpua a hiki i ka hopena o ka ʻohi, a me ka wā e hiki mai ai o ka hau, ua ʻoki pono ʻia nā ʻōpala aʻa, ʻoki ʻia nā lau a mālama ʻia me kahi ʻōnaʻo hāmeʻa i haka ʻole i loko o nā hale ʻaina a i ʻole nā cellars i nā mahana mai ka 0 a + 2 ºº. I ka lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka palaʻai, ua lawe ʻia nā mea kanu mai ka waiho ʻana no ka acclimatization a ua ʻano ʻia. ʻO ka pono o ia ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau ʻo ke aʻa kumu i kūkulu ʻia i nā hua kanu, a ʻo ka mea ʻoi, ʻo ia ka pono no nā māla ʻōpū nui, pono hoʻi ia e hoʻoponopono i nā makahiki ʻelua.
- Loaʻa nā hua liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ke ala cassette ma ka mahana o 0 ka +1 ºС a me ka haʻahaʻa 95% ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻōpala ʻōpio. Eono mau pule ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a kanu ʻia i loko o nā mea liʻiliʻi me ka lepo momona. Nā capacities, ʻoiai aia ke kālai ʻana o ke aʻa, pale i nā 4 wiki. Hele nā mea kanu i ka kua i ka wiki heʻelima, a i ke ono - ua kanu lākou i ka pala.
Ke kanu nei i nā hua pala ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻEnehana Dutch no ka hoʻokūkū ʻole ʻole o nā huaʻai hou i komo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻano wai kīʻai no ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ia ke pāpaʻi polypropylene me nā ʻoki ʻoki, nā ipu a me nā ʻeke a me nā ʻili wai.
ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻokomo ʻia o nā mea kau i kū pono ʻia a i ʻole he nui ka nui o ka mau māka no ka hoʻopalehu, a loaʻa i nā mea kanu ka wai e pono ai ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana a me nā kukui.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea kūpono i ka ʻaki ʻeke, a hiki i ka 2 mika kiʻekiʻe, i maʻalahi ke koho ʻana i ka berry, a maʻalahi, a me ka diameter o 15 ma hope o 25 cm ma hope o 25 cm, ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻoki pōpoki ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻeke me ka substrate, kahi i kanu ʻia ai nā mea kanu.
Ke kanu nei i loko o nā pahu a i ʻole nā ipu, he mea nui ia ʻaʻole kanu ʻia ka lāʻau a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi. Pale kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi putrefactive a ʻike pono i ka maikaʻi o ka Berry.
ʻO ka ʻenehana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā strawberry i nā makahiki a pau he maikaʻi ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike iho o nā hua like, inā ʻaʻole ʻia ka noho ʻana o ke kauwela me ka lūlū, ʻūmi a inā paha i hiki i ka wahi ke waiho i kahi māla i ka home.
ʻOiai ke ʻano pilikia o ka ulu ʻana o ka huaʻai, ke uku koke ʻo ia nā kumukūʻai, no ka mea i ka wā anuanu, hiki i ka 50 kg o nā lau ia mau mea ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kahi square square o ka home.
