Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau pepeke ʻōlima a me nā kolamu. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano i ka ʻōpū ma lalo o kahi puʻupuʻu kūikawā (no laila ka inoa no ka fork). Paina ka ʻili ʻo nā ʻili i nā ʻuʻu huina a me nā microorganisms. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, hoʻopaʻa pū lākou i nā ʻāpana palupalu o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kāʻei
E pālahalaha nui nā kolikola, a i ʻole nā wāwae wāwae, i ka nui o nā puʻu ukiuki, he nui nā mea o lākou ma nā puʻupuʻu, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka Arctic a me Antarctic - ma nā wahi āpau o nā wahi mosses a me nā lichens.
Collembolas, a i ole nā kui (Collembola) he ʻano kīpē o nā arthropods, i ka panapo o kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he mea huna. I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe nā ʻepekema i kahi 8 tausani mau ʻano collembolas.
Collembola Tomocerus vulgaris.
Noho ka ʻehā pūlima o kēia mau pepelu i waena o nā mea kanu pala a ma ka papa ʻāina, akā nui ka poʻe e noho hohonu ana i ka lepo. I waena o nā collembolas aia nā poʻe e noho ana ma ka ʻihi o nā mea kanu, a loaʻa pū kekahi mau kiʻi o ka wai i hala i ke ola ma ka ihu.
ʻO ka nui o nā puna wai he nui. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ma nā ʻōpala o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā ʻōpala, he mau ʻumi mau tausani mau collembolas no ka palena pālua. ʻAno like nā ʻāpana o nā kolembolans ma ke ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu: ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, nā mea ola e noho ana i ka lepo a ʻaʻole waiho ia, keʻokeʻo, nā wāwae wāwae e noho ana ma ka lau o nā mea ʻalaʻulaʻula, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā i waena o nā mea e noho nei i ka ʻōpala wao a i ʻole ka manaʻo i nā mea kanu make , a me nā hina a me ke kaila, ʻonanani pinepine ʻia i ka waiho ʻia a i ʻole nā mea kikowaena cliny spesial.
ʻO Nailtail Orchesella villosa.
Hiki i kēlā mau kui na ka noho ʻana i ka papa o ka lepo ke neʻe loa me ka hoʻoliʻu. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hope o ka pihi o ka ʻōpū, aia kekahi hui kūikawā i loaʻa ʻole i loko o nā arthropod ʻē aʻe - ka mea i kapa ʻia "Jump fork". I ke kū mālie, kūlou ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻolālā koke i kēia "plug", hoʻokuʻi ka collembol i ka mea e noho ai ka mea a lele ai.
Nā kui kaona e mālama nei ma ka ʻona o ka wai (aia kekahi mau) ke kau paha, e hoʻihoʻi mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai i loko o ka wai - ʻaʻole hoʻoheʻe ʻia ko lākou kino i ka wai.
Nā kui keʻokeʻo ka mea e noho mau ana i ka honua a ʻaʻole iʻalo i ka maka, ʻaʻohe "lele fork"; hiki iā lākou ke kāhiki me ke kōkua o nā wāwae pectoral pōkole, ʻike pinepine ʻole ia i ʻike ʻia mai luna aʻe. Hoʻoikaika pū kekahi o nā puna wai pua ʻāmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole i kekahi manawa i ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana i nā aʻa niu o nā aʻa ʻona onihiurs. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo paha kekahi mau holoholona maoli i ka hoʻomoʻe ʻana i nā pua o nā fungi e hōʻike ai i nā maʻi lāʻau.
E hele paha au me ka huelo?
Ma ka piha holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole wale nā manawaleʻe punaʻe, akā he mea pono nō: e hāʻawi pū i ka decompposation, hoʻololi i ka humus a me ka minima o nā koena o nā mea kanu, a, e like me ka ʻike i kēia wā, he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lepo. No laila, mai wikiwiki e hoʻopuka i nā huelo me ka huhū o kahi tiger, ʻoiai ʻoi aku paha e ʻoi aku ka mea ʻawaʻawa i kāu holoholona ma mua o nā kui.
Sinur opūmaʻomaʻo, alfalfa flea (Sminthurus viridis).
ʻO Collembola genus Paratullbergia callipygos o nā subfamily Onychiurida (Onychiuridae).
Pehea e aʻo ai i ka collembola?
ʻO ka nui o nā puna wai ma ka 0.2 mm a 10 mm (nui loa nā ʻano). Makemake nā Collembolans i kahi kūlana pilikino i nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Noho lākou i ka lepo, ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā lāʻau make, i ka ʻala lau, i nā pōhaku ʻokiʻoki. Ua hānai ʻia nā kui me ka miscelium o nā fungi, plīpīpī, algae, mosses, lichens. He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā mea e ʻai i nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia pū me lākou e hele mai ana nā mea kanu pua.
He paʻakikī loa ka wehewehe ʻana o kēia mau ʻelele o ka honua holoholona. Nui nā manaʻo i nā ʻōnaehana o collembolas, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻoniho i haʻi ʻia i ka palapala.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a me ke ala pilikino o ke ola o ka huina e paʻakikī iā ia e aʻo iā lākou. ʻO ka hemahema o kahi palapala ʻatikala a piha pono e pili ana i kēia mau pūʻulu pepeke e aneane ʻaʻole hiki i ka laytail ke wehewehe ʻia e ka poʻe.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua like ka like me ke koi o ka nailstel lepo a ʻaʻole i koi ʻia kā lākou hoʻoholo. Ua lawa i ka ʻike he mau kuku a ʻaʻole paha e hilahila iā lākou me nā hua manuahi (thrips, root mealybug) a me nā pā. E loaʻa kahi kūpono o ke ana pono, inā pono.
Polokalamu Nailtail, a i ʻole ʻAkake Kaukū (Podura aquatica).
ʻĀina hana Nailtail
Ua loaʻa nā kāhea o nā kuamo inoa i ko lākou inoa i kahi mea hoʻohuʻi ʻokoʻa kūikawā (kūloko o ka ʻaka) aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū. Hāpai ʻia ka pākuʻu e kahi pōkole kūikawā i ke kūlana cocked. Inā pono, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻula a me ka ʻaka ʻana i ka lepo, e hoʻolei i ka collembole i mua a i luna. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano collembolas he elongated, ʻano kino kino. Kāhea ʻia lākou ma mua ʻōpō. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpū ākea a me kahi kino spherical, i kapa ʻia lākou smintura. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. ʻO nā Sintures kahi hapa wale o nā kui i hāʻawi i ke ʻano, spherical o ke kino.
Hoʻomaka piha ke kolamu o nā kolamu i ke kino o nā ʻelemakule, ʻokoʻa ka mea like me ka nui a me ka pono.
Heʻokoʻa like ʻāpana o ka colembol (podur a smintur) ʻano like. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he keʻokeʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole nā kala i loko o nā kala, i kekahi manawa me ka pua metallic. Hiki paha i nā lālā o kekahi ʻano genera ke hana ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - hoʻokahi a ʻehā paha mau ʻōuli ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau cmintures ke kuhikuhi ʻana i kahi mapi.
Ke ulu maikaʻi nei nā mea kanu o loko, ka ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo, hina i ka kala, i kekahi manawa me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole nā kala kālā metala.
Nā ʻino Hana Nailtail
ʻO kahi pōʻino i hōʻino ʻia e kekahi mau mea lapuwale ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka mea kanu. ʻO ka poduras nui (1-1.5 mm) hiki ke hoʻopilikia maoli a nui i nā lāʻau āpau. Keʻai nei nā pana i ke kahua o ka wehe o nā lau cotyledon e nā collembolas.
Ke'ōmaʻomaʻo Green, alfalfa flea.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka pōʻino mai ka poʻe naʻaupō i nā hihia inā he nui ka hapa o lākou, a he haʻahaʻa ka pāʻana i loko o ka lumi. Hoʻomalu nā mea kanu e nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu a me ka hoʻolālāʻana a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou. ʻO nā ʻeha he nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā naʻaupō ma lalo o ia mau ʻano e lilo i puka ākea no kahi ākea o ka maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻonalo wale ʻia, akā e hōʻoki ʻia i kekahi o nā mea kanu i kāu hōʻiliʻili.
Pehea e hana ai me nā kui
Ma nā kīʻaha me nā mea kanu pākeke, aneane pinepine nā mea hana a ʻaʻohe pono e mālama i kahi hakakā i kūʻē iā lākou ma lalo o ka ʻenehana loea maʻamau. ʻO ka hana nui e pale aku i nā pōʻino o ka helu podur hiki ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana kūpono o ka hana hoʻomohala kūpono no nā mea kanu ulu.
ʻAʻole pono i ka substrate ka nui o nā mea hoʻoikaika i nā aila (unripe leaf, leaf tea, tea sawdust). Pono ka mauʻu e pono ai ka alawai, e pale i ka stagnation o ka lepo o ka lepo. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka kanu ʻana, e maloʻo ana ka lepo. Pono ka nui o ka pot i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana o ke aʻa. He wahi i ʻole e lawe ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana e nā aʻa kanu i noho ai e nā fungi, nā pepeka, na algae, e hoʻohua ka ʻāina, a e maʻa ka poʻe naʻaupō.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ka podur i kahi helu o ka mites i kaukaukau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea maʻamau i nā manawa āpau.
Inā nui nā puna wai, e hoʻololi i ka ʻāina no kahi hou. Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka moʻolelo, a laila e nānā i ka loiloi o ka lepo a me ka hoʻomōlohelohe ʻana.
I nā hihia kahi e pono ai ʻoe e hana i nā hana wikiwiki e hōʻemi i ka helu podura, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka insecticides systemic (Mospilan, Aktara, etc.). Hiki iā ia ke pale a hoʻohiolo i ka nui o ka podur ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka citramon a i ʻole ascofen (hapalua papa i 2-3 lita o ka wai) i ka wai no ka hoʻoilo.
Millipede mai ka papa Symphyla a me Poduromorpha collembola.
Ke lūlū ʻia nā hua kanu ʻo Saintpaulia a me streptocarpus, pono nāhelehele e ʻike pono ʻia. ʻO ka ipu i kahi i lulu ʻia ai nā huaʻaila e pono i ke ea me ka puka o ka wai i hiki ke loaʻa i ka popo. He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e pili i kēia mau koi i ka wā he mau liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka hua o kēia hua i hoʻohui ʻia.
