ʻO kekahi o nā hua maʻamau maʻamau i Europa a me Asia mai ka manawa o ka immemorial he ʻāpala. ʻO ka hua lahui he hale waihona waiwai o nā mea kanu pono. Akā i loko o nā kūlana o nā anuanu maloʻo, ke helehelena a me nā lau hou i ka pālahalaha o nā mahi ʻai i hoʻolaʻa wale ʻia i nā ʻano hoʻoilo hoʻoilo o nā lāʻau lāʻau.
Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā lāʻau kumulāʻau no nā ʻāpana ʻākau
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau āpau e like me nā ʻano varietal e like me ka wikiwiki a ke aloha hua a me ko lākou kū ʻana i ka kūlana o ka wā. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona: ʻono, ke ʻano o ka wīwī, kala, ke kūʻē i ka maʻi. Akā no ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano a loaʻa mai ka hua, he mea nui ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā ulu.
ʻAʻole mālama nā ʻano o nā hua āpau i nā lōʻihi, pono lākou e kiʻi i nā hua mua i ka mea hiki loa. Hāʻawi nā mau lahui i kā lākou mau hua i ka hāʻule, a hiki ke mālama ʻia iā lākou no ʻelua mau mahina. ʻO ke kumu o nā huaora i nā mahina hoʻoilo a ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili hou nā huaʻai o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ke kūlohelohe ka hau kakahiaka i nā hua. ʻO kēia nā hua momona maikaʻi loa me kahi kāwele mānoʻo, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka mālama lōʻihi. E heluhelu e pili ana i ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala apana!
ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo he kumu ia e pale ai i ka wā anu i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻomehana a hoʻāla i nā frosts. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka kahe ʻana o ka wai i ka wā o ka mahana i ke kauwela. ʻO ka hiki ke ola hou ma hope o ka manuahi, ua komo pū ʻia i loko o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī.
ʻAʻole lawe ʻia ka pale ʻana i ke anuanu, akā lawe ʻia mai nā mākua mai ka pae genetic ina kahi ʻano ʻē kahi ʻano hou. No laila, pono ʻoe e kanu i kahi māla o nā ʻano zoned o nā lāʻau hua. Aia lākou no ka palekana i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, akā ma ke ʻano ua ola ka lāʻau a loaʻa nā meaʻai kūpono. Ma kā mākou moʻolelo e hōʻike ai mākou i kahi kiʻi o nā ʻano ʻāpana o ka hoʻoilo a me kahi wehewehe pōkole o nā hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻōlio ʻole hoʻi like ʻole me ka ʻenehana ʻana kūpono ʻole hiki ke lilo i ko lākou waiwai. ʻO ka hana ʻana me nā huaʻai, ka huhū nui o ka hoʻoilo, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wā kanu o ka nitrogen fertilizers e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o nā ʻano hua ʻoma.
I kekahi manawa hua, hua ʻōpala i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻāina me kahi kākina kaila ʻona e pono ai ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
Nā pono paʻakikī hoʻoilo
ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻo ka hoʻoilo ma nā huaʻōlelo e like me ka hōʻailona ma ke ʻano.
- mau ke kūmole i 43 0;
- ma hope o ka hua lāʻau, kū i ka hau a hiki i 25 0;
- hoʻōla wikiwiki i ka wā hoʻoiho.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hiki ke ʻae i ka hoʻomaha wai me ka pale i nā peduncles mai ka sterilization he mea nui nō hoʻi. He mea nui ia e noʻonoʻo i ka wā i kālai ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o ka lei hoʻoilo hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ke hoʻoilo ʻole ʻole nei ia mau mea waiwai.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻohui pū i ka paʻakikī nui o ka hoʻoilo. No laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano me nā awelika hoʻohālikelike i ka pale ʻole ʻana i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka wā. Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai kūpono, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā lāʻau i loko o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. I ka pūnāwai, ua lohi nā pua pua i nā ala hiki i ke pale aku i ka ʻai mai ka ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO nā hōʻaila o nā hōʻaila o nā kumulā āpau ke kūʻē i nā pōʻino o ka wā. E ʻohi ʻia nā hua a hiki i ka hau. Ua ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano o ka hua nui, he mea hoʻomau ka paʻakai o kēia mau huaʻala. No laila, i ka hanaʻana i nā huahana, ua lanakila nā ʻano o ka hoʻoilo ma luna o ka wahi o nā māla.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau hua lāʻau o nā ʻōpala āpau he like nō. ʻO kēia ka koho o kahi kahi me ka wai o luna kiʻekiʻe, ka mālamalama maikaʻi, kahi lua hua momona nui i kanu ʻia, me nā mea kanu.
Nā ʻano lāʻau ʻala o ka hoʻoilo
ʻO nā kaukani o nā kumulāʻau mau kumulāʻau, he mau haneli hua lāʻau e hoʻohua ai i kā lākou mau hua i ka wā e pau ai kona mau lau ulu. E like me ka laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kekahi o lākou i ka kikoʻī hou aku. ʻO nā kiʻi mai nā manamana a me nā hua hua e hōʻike ai i ka ʻano like ʻole a me ka nani o ka māla, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me kou mau lima ponoʻī.
Mele lāʻau Bogatyr
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hoʻoilo o nā kāne maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka hua lāʻau maikaʻi ma Bogatyr. Ua haku ʻia ke ʻano i ka makahiki 1925 ma Iukure e ka mea lawe Chernenko e hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o Antonovka a me Ranet Landsbergsky Kūpaʻa ka ʻaleka ma kahi o 400 g, me ke kaupaona maʻamau o 160. Aia ka Ripening i ka mahina o Kepakemapa, akā hoʻopili ʻia nā hua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, kāohi i ka wai o ka pōʻai. Loaʻa i ka ʻāpala nā waiwai momona, ka pōhaku a me nā mea momona no ka New Year.
Hoʻomohala ke ʻano ma hope o ke kolo ʻana i ka makahiki ʻeono, ma hope o ka kanu ʻana i kahi paʻa mau ma ka ha, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi lāʻau ulu wikiwiki. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka lāʻau me ka lei ākea. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ʻōpala ʻo Bogatyr ʻeono mau mika. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapa o nā hua hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka Athlete me ka mālama maikaʻi. ʻO nā hua lāʻau huaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi punahele punahele i nā wahi a pau i kahi e hiki ai ke ulu i kahi hua lāʻau.
Nā lāʻau Apple-lāʻau lāʻau Aport
ʻO kēia lāʻau ka mea kahiko loa. ʻAʻole ʻike kahi kumu. ʻOiai i ka kenekulia XII, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻano like me Polani a me Ukraine. ʻO nā ʻano like i hoʻopuka mua ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻAmi-Ata i ka makahiki 1865, a laila ua lilo i keʻena mua o ke kūlanakauhale.
Ke lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a me ka uluʻana o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī i ka hoʻoilo, me ke ʻano nui o nā huaʻai i mālama ʻia i loko o nā māla ʻokiʻoki o nā ʻāina hema a me Rūsia waena. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o Kepakemapa, loaʻa ka meaʻono ma hope o ka malama o kahi mālama. ʻO ka kaupaona ʻana o ka hua ma 195. Nani a maikaʻi, ʻono a me nā ʻala ʻono, ua lawe maikaʻi ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hoʻomaloʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole eʻeleʻele ke ʻiʻo i ka lewa.
ʻO ka laulā Antonovka maʻamau
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pahu kupapaʻu i ka apple Kursk apple Antonovka maʻamau ma 2008. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo i wehewehe ʻia ʻo Antonovka vulgaris i ke kiʻi ʻoiai he hua e kaupaona ana i ka kg kg 150, kahi mauka ʻelua mita i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i ka ʻāpana. Mea hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea kākau ʻo Vyacheslav Klykov, kahi monumental kaulana, e hāʻawi ana i ka waiwai o nā lāʻau hua punahele o ke Kursk.
Ke aloha nui nei ka lāʻau o nā kamaʻāina o Kursk a me Tula e ka poʻe mahiʻai. He kiʻekiʻe ke kumu, lāʻau nui, nunui me ke ʻano o ka makahiki. Nā huaʻai i ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻehā paha makahiki. ʻO nā apana he palatability kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka mea ʻala a me ka ʻono. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i ka wā o kahi mālama i lilo ai lākou i ʻāpana-ʻanuʻula. Pāʻai huaʻai ma Sepatemaba, kūʻai no hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka mea kūʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Bogatyr, naʻu ʻia mai Antonovka.
Hōʻailona Imrus
Mai Antonovka lāʻau hoʻoilo o Imrus. ʻO ka nui, i komo i loko o ka papa inoa o nā Mokuʻāina State i 1996, ua hana ʻia ma ke kumu o Antonovka vulgaris. Aponoia no ka kanu ana ma na kikowaena o Rusia. ʻO ka ʻanoʻokoʻa o ka ʻano ka mea ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia e ke kīkī, i ke kakahiaka. Hāʻawi kahi lāʻau pākēne i kekahi mau makahiki i nā hua me nā hua lahilahi e like me ka mālama lōʻihi. ʻO kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā aniani palupalu e hana i ka hua i ka papaʻaina papa.
Hoomaka ʻia i ke kahakaha ʻĀina
ʻO ka nui o ke kumulāʻau ʻōpū lāʻau. Nui ka lāʻau, akā kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe a hiki i Siberia Eastern. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma kēia wahi e mālama ʻia ana ka ʻano like me kahi ʻano hana manuahi. ʻAʻole nui nā hua, i ka palena maʻamau, ʻo ka paona o hoʻokahi ʻāpana he 120 gram.
ʻO ka ʻāpā komohana nā lāʻau ʻōlapa nui e hala nei, no laila ua mākaukau ka ʻohi ʻana no ka ʻohi ʻana iā ʻOkakopa. Noho nā ʻele ma mua o ka make ʻana i ka māla ma hope o ka lau ʻana o ka lau. ʻO ke hōʻiliʻili ma mua, ua nalo lākou i ko lākou ʻono a mālama pono. ʻO nā hua i kohi ʻia i ka manawa e moe ai ma ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a hiki i ka Mei. Inā mālama ʻia ka moʻomeheu ma kahi o kahi luʻu dwarf, a laila hele ka hua i loko o ka lua o ka makahiki, hāʻawi nā fungi maʻamau i ka hōʻiliʻili no 5-8 mau makahiki. Hiki i kēia ʻokoʻa ke hāʻawi i kahi ovary ʻoiai ʻaʻole e koho ʻaʻa ma ke kaʻa. Akā inā ma kahi ʻē aʻe i kahi kokoke loa, e nui aku nā ovaries. Ua mahalo ʻia ka ʻano like me kona kū ʻana i ka maʻi scab a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka maikaʻi maikaʻi a me ka mālama i ka hua e lilo i hua maikaʻi ia i loko o ka māla.
ʻO Orlik
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻōleʻa Orlik, nona kona kiʻi e ʻike maka mua ai ma kēia ʻatikala, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka lāʻau. Nui nā ʻano ʻāpana hoʻoilo e hoʻoiho ma kahi māla neone no ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā ʻano Macintosh lāua ʻo Bessemyanka Michurinsky, ua komo ʻo ia i ka papa inoa ma ka makahiki 1986. Apple lāʻau o ka ulu ulu ʻana, ulu mua. Nani nā hua, nani, pale ʻia i ka helehelena. Ka uhi ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi pohala maloʻo. ʻO ka pulp i kirihala, kūpono i ko ʻono, a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻono.
Hoʻopau i nā ʻōmole i ka ʻāina Oryol i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole lapaʻau nā hua ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻono ma kahi lāʻau. Nā huaʻai me ka hoʻomaha i kekahi mau makahiki. Hāʻawi kekahi lāʻau ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi o ka waena o nā huaʻala maikaʻi. Inā kānalua ʻoe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a laila e hoʻomaka ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻāpana.
Mele lāʻau Bolotovskoe
Pau ka hooilo i ka hoʻoilo me Imrus. ʻO nā ʻano mea hou i komo i ka papa inoa inoa wale nō ma 2002. Kūpono nui nā hua, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka 150 grika no kēlā ʻAʻohe o nā hua āpau ke kāwele kaʻa a i ka wā melemele he melemele me ka pua. Filot Bolotovskoe i Sepatemapa. Mālama ʻia nā hua i nā wela haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka ʻano ʻokoʻa, ma kahi o ka hopena makahiki, he genetically incapable a hiki i ka ʻaelike hakakā. Maʻa ka lāʻau, me nā lālā lālā sparse. Inā he mau hope ʻoe me ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻomaka nā hua.
Kākau Bratchud
ʻO ka lāʻau lāʻau Apple Bratchud kahi lāʻau dwarf maoli. ʻO kēia pua o ka hoʻoilo Ural me Vydubetskaya e uwē ana. Ina he palaka ka huʻu, a laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau āpau ma luna o 2.7 mika, a ma kahi clone e piʻi aku ai i ʻelua mau mika. ʻO ka wīwī mua, huʻa no 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kūʻana. ʻO nā hua he medium, oblong, o ka palatability kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hopena makahiki i ka lāʻau pākeke a hiki i 120 kg i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. I nā makahiki i ulu ikaika ka maʻi scab, ke kū nei ka pale o ka ʻano like me he mea ʻokoʻa. Mālama ʻia nā hua i lawe ʻia i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa ʻole me ka pau ʻole o ka ʻono no nā lā 140 i kahi hale kūʻai nani. Pau nā hua i ke kū hou a hoʻōla ʻia. ʻO Zofoli ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao ʻĀina Hema.
Kau lāʻau Apple Venyaminovsky
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā ʻano Venyaminovsky a komo i loko o ka papa inoa o nā lāʻau hua ma 2001 ma ke kikowaena kūloko. ʻO ka hoʻoilo he wā e hoʻoilo ai. Ka melemele nui ke kala nui me kahi pala lahilahi. Huaʻa 130 kekona. Pono nā huaʻai a mālama ʻia a hiki i Pepeluali. He lāʻau kūlohelohe ka lāʻau i ka scab.
