Nā hua kanu - koho a me nā kanu

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kau ʻana i kahi māla a i ʻole kahi māla, e kanu ana i kahi kumulāʻau a mea ʻala paha, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hana mua. ʻAʻole mau nā mea kanu i ka huaʻai no ka makahiki aʻe a i ke kauwela paha e like me nā mea kanu. No nā perennials, ʻo ke kau e kali ana no nā hua ʻai i 3 a 7 mau makahiki. Ua kanu ʻia kēia makahiki pāloli - mau makahiki i hala.

Ke kanu nei i kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio.

I mea e loaʻa ai nā lāʻau i ke aʻa a hana i kahi hua i ka manawa kūpono, pono e koho i nā ʻano zoned. ʻAʻole ulu nā pīahi i ke kūkulu ʻākau ma ka hāmama, ka haukaʻa kū ʻole. I ka hema, he paʻakikī nā conifers (ceders) ke aʻa. Ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka māla, pono ʻoe e hana me ka mea moʻomeheu o ke kīhāpai, kahi e lawe ai i ka hana āpau e pono ai (mākaukau) hana.

I mea e kūʻai ai i nā mea kanu, pono ia e hoʻoholo i mua o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

E hana i kahi hoʻolālā no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu. I loko o ka palapala, e hoʻohui i kahi hana kanu me ka inoa o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻano me ka ʻōlelo wehewehe e hōʻike nei:

• ka kiʻekiʻe o ka moʻomeheu, i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻaʻole i mākaʻikaʻi ʻia i ka wā o nā mea kanu i hui ʻia,
• ʻano o ka lei, no laila ʻaʻole i mānoanoa nā mea kanu, inā no ka mea kiʻekiʻe, waena, pālua a me ka hua kolamu ua kanu ʻia,
• ka wā ʻōpala - ka wana waena, waena, lohi, ʻo ko lākou mālama ʻia ʻana, ka lāʻau ʻoiai i ka wā i mālama ʻia me nā mea lāʻau, i nā manawa like ʻole.

Ke hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā no ka kanu ʻana i ka māla e hiki mai ana ma ka mākāla māla, pono ʻoe e hōʻike koke i ka mamao o ka lālani a me ka laina laina.

• No nā kumu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe me ka lei e pālahalaha ana, ka mamao ma ka lālani a me ka laina lahilahi pihi he 8-9x10 m, kēlā.
• No nā kumulāʻau ma nā puʻu dwarf - 4-5x5 m, kēlā.
• No nā ʻano kolana - 2x2 m.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua haʻahaʻa a me nā lōʻihi, me ka lei e pālahalaha ana me ka lei a me ka kolana. Mai ka manawa nui, e hoʻomaka nā hua ʻai kīnā ʻole e hoʻopau ʻia i ka mālamalama, ka lā a me ka lewa.

Ke koho ana i ka wahi o nā pua ma kahi māla e kokoke ana

ʻ saylelo aku ka poʻe, ma mua o kou kūʻai ʻana i hale, e hui i kou poʻe hoalauna, ke noho ʻoe me lākou. I mea e hoʻolōʻihi ai nā kumulāʻau i ko lākou ola uluola ʻana, i ka wā e waiho ai i ka māla, pono ia e hāʻawi no ke kahua o nā mea kanu (koho i kahi hoalauna).

ʻO nā hoalauna maikaʻi no ka lāʻau paapaleka he mau lāʻau, plum, pā, quince. Hana nā cherries, viburnum a me nā lilacs me ka hōʻeha. No kahi pā, nā hoa noho aloha he hua lāʻau a me ka lehu mauna. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e ʻae i ke kaona o nā plums, viburnum a me nā cherries. ʻO nā wahi noho aloha no nā ʻōhaka hua lāʻau a me nā lau. ʻO nā lāʻau Apple maikaʻi nā hoa noho maikaʻi no nā plums. ʻO ka Pears kahi hopena hōʻeha i nā plums.

Mai ka papa moʻomeheu o ka māla, hoʻoneʻe i ka papahana i ka papa, kahi ma kēlā me kēia pā e kanu ai i ka pā me ka inoa a me nā ʻano hua like ʻole.

ʻAi hana hoʻomākaukau i loko o ka māla

I ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi lāʻau kahiko a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ulu, ʻaʻohe hiki ke kanu i nā hua ʻōpiopio ma ka wahi like ma ka 2-3 mau makahiki. Hoʻopau kēlā me kēia mea kanu i kekahi mau mea e pale i nā māla hou. Pono ka hoʻomaha o ka lepo mai nā kanu kanu mua. I loko o ka manawa e kali ai, hiki i nā mea kanu hoʻokahi makahiki ke kanu, nā mea kanu, ulu i ka pale, a me nā hua ʻai ʻē aʻe i kanu ʻia ma kēia wahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i ka kaila maʻemaʻe, hoʻokaʻawale iā ia me ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i nā ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻōla ai i ka ʻāina mai kahi ʻāina lōʻihi o mua.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua, pono ke hana ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lepo. Pono ka deoksidized nā ʻāina i mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka māla me ka palaoa dolomite. ʻOi aku ka pa a me kēia loea e hana ai ma ke kahua holoʻokoʻa, akā hiki nō naʻe i nā lua lepo kaʻawale.

Apana lāʻau ʻuala.

Ke koho a me ka hoʻomākaukau ana i nā mea kanu

ʻO nā ʻōpili me nā ʻōnaʻi hāmeʻa a wehe a pani ʻia i ke kūʻai aku. No ka kanu kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaehana hāmeʻa i wehe a wehe ʻole paha. E maʻalahi ia e mālama i ke kūlana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke aʻa, ʻoki i nā aʻa, e hoʻoulu ai i ka mea kanu e hoʻomohala koke, a me ka hele ʻana ke aloha mai nā mea kanu mai nā mea lawe mai ʻaʻole e hana ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu maikaʻi.

Inā kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu i ka wā mua o ka wā o nā lau, a laila pono e hōʻoki ʻia nā lau i ʻole e hoʻohemo ka mea kanu i ka wā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mana aʻa a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makuku i ka mea kanu.

I ka hāʻule, e kanu ʻia nā hua hua hau-kū ʻole a pau i nā hua waena a me nā hopena (nā lāʻau ʻōleʻa, nā ʻāpala, nā cherries) i kanu ʻia. ʻAʻole hana like ke kumu o ke aʻa i ka manawa dormant a ma ka wā o ka wā o ka wā o ka wā, e hiki ai i nā hua ke hoʻopili i nā kūlana hou.

Inā kūʻai ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka hopena o ka lūlū (ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i nā ʻāina anu), a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka eli ʻana iā lākou a mālama iā lākou a hiki i ka pūnāwai a i ka pūnāwai ua kanu iā lākou i kahi kūlike. Hiki ke hū ʻia nā ʻōpala a paʻa a i ʻole e hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke palani me ke one a waiho ʻia ma ka papa lalo a hiki i ka pūnāwai. I nā ʻāina hema, pinepine lākou i ʻeli ʻia i ka pā ākea.

ʻO nā mea kanu ʻole-hau a me ka wela-aloha nā huaʻai (peaches, apricots, cherries, early apple apple, pears, plums, cherries) i kanu maikaʻi ʻia i ka pūnāwai. Pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā hua me nā mea ola (e hōʻoia e nānā). ʻO nā lau mua ka hōʻailona ma ka hopena o nā kanu kanu. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ka hua ʻili me ka mea laulea no ka mea, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hana pono nā lau, a makemake ka lau i ka lepo a, inā wela ka ʻāina a maloʻo paha, ʻo ka punawai hoʻi e hoʻopakele i ka pau ʻole o ka ea a make ka hua.

Nā lā kanu o ka kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu

Mamuli o nā kūlana climatic o ke kaina, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau i ka puna a i ka ʻohi paha. ʻO kēia, ʻo ka mea mua, i ka pono ke hoʻoponopono i nā perennials i nā kūlana hou o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me ke kaha o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ma ka lepo.

No laila, i nā wahi hema ke kū maikaʻi i nā mea kanu i ka hāʻule ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana i ka lau lau nui i nā lāʻau pākeke. ʻO ka wā lōʻihi o ka ngahulu me ka mahana mahana kahi manawa maikaʻi no nā lāʻau'ōpiopio. E loaʻa i ka aʻa ka manawa e hana ai i nā aʻa ʻōpio, ka mea e hoʻomaka i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea kanu i ka wai a me nā mea kanu, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka papakū ma luna, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā ʻehaʻeha i ka hopena o ka ngahulu a me ka ua, hiki i ke kau hoʻoilo ke "kū".

ʻAʻole pāpā ʻia ke kanu wai ma ka hema, akā ʻoi pono hoʻi e hoʻopili i ka manawa kanu me ka wā o ka pūnāwai. ʻO ka pūnāwai pōkole a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻoluʻolu loa me ka lā wela e hoʻomaloʻo i ka pana o ke poʻo, a ʻaʻole e kōkua ka hoʻōla mau ʻana. E make a mai ka seedling a, inā paha, e make a hoʻomaka wale nō e ulu a hiki i kēia makahiki e. I kēia manawa, loli nui nā kūlana o ke anuanu, a me ka "hoʻomanaʻo" o nā mea kanu aku i hope o nā kūlana hou.

ʻAʻole kūpono nā kūlana ʻĀina me kā lākou mau mua wai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale hohonu o ka lepo no nā mākeke ʻōpio. I ka lepo maloʻo, ʻaʻole e "hana" ka aʻa. Pono ka ʻōhumu o ke aʻa i kahi mahana i loko o ke kaona i noho i loko o ke aʻa (ma ka liʻiliʻi + 8 ... + 10 * C). ʻO kēlā mau kūlana ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau a me ke anuanua waena o Rūsia e kū nei i ka pūnāwai. I loko o ke kauwela, e hoʻomohala nā hua liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu i nā aʻa, ʻo ka papahaka o luna ka mea e hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui makahiki. E hele i ka kanu i loko o ka hoʻoilo me nā mea kanu i ulu i loko. I nā kūlana kūkulu ʻākau, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua o ka hāwī ʻana o nā pua a ua hoʻāhuā ʻia ka honua i ke kua ʻana o ke ala ʻana o ke kūlana kūpono.

Ma ka lālani waena, ua kūleʻa ka mea kanu o nā hua lāʻau a me nā hua puaa i ka kanu ʻana a me ka pua lohi. I ka pūnāwai, ua kanu ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio ma mua o ka hāmama ʻana o nā pua, a i ka wā o ka wā o ka wā, ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka mākeke pākeke.

Nā rula no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu

Mākaukau nā kanu kanu i nā mahina 6-8 ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu o nā mea kanu horticultural. Hoʻopili hope loa i ka nui o ka lua i ke aʻa o ka seedling. I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lua kanu, ua waiho ʻia kona mau pā i pīkī ai i ka neʻe o nā papa i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lau me nā koena a me nā aʻa i ulu aʻe i waho o ka lua.

Ke kūʻai nei i nā mea kanu, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ka ʻōnaehana. Pono nā kumu kumu liʻiliʻi i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻoili ʻia i nā kihi, e hoʻomaka mua lākou e hoʻomō a me ka hoʻohuihui i ka wai. Pono nā pōpoki ma nā aʻa ke laulea, keʻokeʻo a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi me nā kala melemele, ʻulaʻula a me nā kala ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopilikia ka mahele maʻa e kūʻai. ʻAʻole paha lākou e ala, ʻo ka manaʻo ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku i ko lākou hiki. Inā loaʻa ke ʻano o nā hua kanu, a laila maʻi lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi, aia hoʻi ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, nui aʻe ka puka ʻana i ka hua mua.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka kūʻai ʻana i nā laina kauwela 1-2 no ke kanu. Huli koke lākou i ke aʻa, hāʻawi maʻalahi i ka hoʻokumu lei aliʻi e pono ai. Wahi a nā māla kanu - he plasticine nā makahiki, 3 - nā makahiki he nui o 4-makahiki - pālolo no nā mea hoʻohana. ʻŌpio 10-20 mau hola ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ke koena o ke aʻa a i ʻole stimulant ulu ulu. Inā hiamoe ka mea seedling, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hopena no 1-2 lā.

Ma ka lalo o ka lua e kau ai i kahi wahie. No ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka ʻaluna maikaʻi, ka mahele, ke one, nā lālā mānoanoa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mika holomua papahele me ka lepo a i ʻole ka lepo.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo mai ka lua o ka lua i ʻāhi ʻia ai me ka aʻa paha. E hoʻohui me 10-15 g / kōpili o ka nitroammofoski lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi lāʻau palemona ʻoi me ka nui o ka ʻike haʻahaʻa. E ninini ʻia ka ʻano i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ka lua, e hana ai i kahi pākī.

ʻAla hua ʻili.

E hoʻoili koke ʻia kahi kumu lāʻau lāʻau i waena o ka lua, kahi a lākou e kanu ai, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hua ʻili ma o ke ʻano ʻewalu.

Kahi ʻia nā kumu o ka hua kanu ma luna o ka ʻākala a ua uhi ʻia me ka lepo i ʻelua mau pūlima ʻekolu a ninini ʻia ka hapalua o kahi wai - kahi pā wai. I ka wā kanu, lulu liʻiliʻi ka mea kanu i kekahi manawa a noho ka lepo i nā voids ma waena o nā aʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka wai, hoʻomau ka backfill i nā kihi o ka lua. Ke kanu nei, kahi o ka pale a i ʻole ka aʻa kumu o nā pua unvaccinated e ʻike ʻia.

I ka pau ʻana o ke kanu ʻana, ua hana ʻia kahi kihi he 4-6 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a puni kahi seedling me kahi anawaena o 0.5-0.7 m i ʻole ka kahe o ka wai a puni ka pūnaewele. Kahi ʻia nā wai puna he 1-2 e ninini ʻia ana a uhi ʻia ka lepo wai me ka muliki muliki a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-15 cm.ʻae ʻia ka mulch mai kahi kū o ka hua maiʻa i kū ʻole ʻole ai.

Ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu, ua pono e haʻalele i ka pae kālai ʻia ma luna o ka pā a i ʻole ka pae o ke aʻa. Aia mau ia ma lalo o ka loma. Pono kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole e hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka pua ma lalo o ka lepo, a ma kahi o ka pua, ʻaʻole loaʻa i ka holoholona hihiu maʻamau. Me ka kanu kūpono ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua aʻa nā mea i kū mai. Ma ka maʻamau maʻamau lākou e waiho (no nā hihia ʻē aʻe) wale nō ke kumu lāʻau scion.

Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu unvaccinated (pīpī mai ka hua, cherry), pono ke kūleʻa ʻāleʻa ma hope o ka iho ʻana o ka lepo ma ka pae o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi o ka nūhou o ke kala o ke kime i ke kala o ke aʻa (maʻamau ka brown brown) i manaʻo ʻia i ke kahua o ka ʻāʻī aʻa.

ʻO ka ʻoki a me ke kua ma ka huʻu.

Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu o ke kauwela me ka ukana maʻamau, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻāpana āpau i 70-80 cm, a ʻo ka māhele keri he 60-70 cm.

Ke kanu ʻia nei nā mea kanu me kahi pūnaehana paʻa (i loko o nā mea lawe) mai ka wai mua i ka hau. Ke hoʻokuʻu nei i ka hua huakaʻi mai ka pahu pahu, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ia i kahi lua mākaukau hoʻomākaukau me kahi nui o ka honua. E pīpī me ka ʻāina hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina a kai ikaika. Hoʻomau mau ʻia ka lepo i ka mahina mua o ka kanu ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka lei o ka lā e keokeo i uhi ʻia me ka limu a i ʻole nā ​​mea waiwai ʻē aʻe me kahi ulana manuahi. Inā makemake kahi kau palena o ke kauwela, a laila e koho i ke ao polū, a me ka ua nui. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ka ʻōpū a me ka maluhia mai ka lā mai, hoʻōla ʻia i ka wā maloʻo.

Inā kokoke kahi wai, hana ʻia ka pānaʻi he 30-40 cm kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻopiha i ka lua me kahi hoʻokahe ʻāina. Hoʻokahi kahi papa hana (slide) o 30-70 cm mai ka lepo ma luna o ka ʻāina. E kūpaʻa i kahi pahu kona ana ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu mai kahi 1.0 a 2,0 m. Ma ke kikowaena, ʻeli i ka lua a kanu i kahi hua kanu. Kuhi ʻia kēlā mau ʻāina ma ka lekiu inā paʻa ka lua wai ma ka 1.0-1.5 mika hōʻailona mai ka ʻōpū.