Dracula (Dracula) - he pua o ka mea kanu epiphytic mai ka ʻohana Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae), maʻamau i nā ululāʻau ulu o ʻAmelika Hema a me ka Hema. He mau lālāau 123 ka huaʻōlelo.
ʻO ka papa ʻaina DraculaNui ka nui o nā ʻano dracula e ulu ana nā pua ulu a i ʻole nā mea kanu i loko.
Unuhi ʻōlelo ʻepekemadrakula - "ke keiki kāne a ka dragon", "dragon liʻiliʻi", "dragon". Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia inoa e ke ʻano o ka pua, e like me ka maka o kahi derona liʻiliʻi.
Nā nīnūnē e pili ana i nā inoa o nā ʻano he nui o kēia ʻano ʻano me nā inoa monsters, a me nā ʻuhane ʻino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Count Dracula (chimaera, diabola, fafnir, gorgona, kekeawe, nosferatu, polyphemus, vampira, vlad-tepes).
I loko o ka puke moʻokalaleo Lūkini e pili ana i ka floriculture, ua manaʻo ʻia ka inoa "dracula" i ka manaʻo "inoa o ka ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu" e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka analogy me ka ʻepekema (Latin) inoa; no ka laʻana no kahi inoa ʻepekemaʻO ka Dracula bella Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa Lūkini "Beautiful Dracula".
ʻO ka pōkole o ka inoa generic ma ka floriculture ʻoihana a me ka amateurʻĀkau.
ʻO ka Dracula bella. He kiʻi botanical mai Florence Woolward: ʻO ka Genus Masdevallia. 1896ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau 123 i komo i kēia manawa i loko o ka huaʻōlelo Dracula, ua wehewehe mua ka ʻano holoholonaʻO Chimaera Masdevallia (i kēia manawa -Dracula chimaera): hana kēia e Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823-1889) i hoʻokumu i kahi mea kanu i loaʻa iā Malaki 1870 ma Western Cordillera e kolikua orchid Benedict Roel. Ua hoʻoulu ʻia kēia mea kanu i ka noʻonoʻo o nā nerd a lākou i hoʻohālikelike ai i kāna pua kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole wale me ka mea kilokilo ʻo Chimera, akā me nā mea mele o Beethoven lāua ʻo Chopin. Hoʻohui ka chimera i nā holoholona ʻekolu: he poʻo poʻo nui i kohu ʻia i ke ahi me nā poʻo o ka liona, kao a me ka derona ma nā ʻā o ka liona, e huli ana i loko o ke kino o ke kao me kahi kao homa. ʻO kēia ka triple i hāʻawi iā G. Reichenbach i manawa e hele ai i ke kiʻi o ka Chimera ma ka inoa o ka mea kanu. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻohiʻona kūlike o ka pua i hāʻawi ʻia e ka nui o ka laulā nui, i uhi ʻia me ka shaggy, spike-like outgrowths o nā sepals, ʻelua pelekane mau puʻu maka nā maka a me nā lipe-like lehelehe o ka iwi hou i hoʻowalewua ʻia. ʻO ka mea ʻike mua i kēia mea kanu like ʻole i ka makahiki 1875, ua kākau ʻo V.G.Smith i ka mea penei: ʻO kona mau ʻāpana lōʻihi loa i like ke kāwili a ka nahesa a Chimera weliweli loa, a ʻo nā lauoho loloa e uhi ana iā lākou e kū ana a puni i kona waha wela, e hoʻopiha ana i ka waha. "ʻO Masdevallia Chimera e like me kekahi mau kani, ʻono, nā kala i hānau ʻia mai nā melodies e hoʻonani ai, nā ʻono a i ʻole nā canvases kiʻi nani." KaukaʻikaʻiDracula ua hoʻokaʻa ʻia mai ka genus Masdevallia (Masdevallia) i 1978.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka The Gardener's Chronicle, ua kākau ʻo Heinrich Reichenbach: "... he manawa poina ʻole ia i loko o koʻu ola orchid, i ka manawa i ʻike mua ai au i kēia pua ... ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hilinaʻi i koʻu mau maka? Manaʻo wau? Hauʻoli wau no ka mea he hoʻomaikaʻi hoʻomaikaʻi nui loa kaʻu i ʻike ai he hana mana kēlā i hūnā ʻia ai iā mau makahiki he mau makahiki. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke manaʻoʻiʻo i kēlā mea i kekahi mea mai kahi wehewehe maʻalahi. No laila, kapa aku wau iā ia he chimera. "
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo ka mea nāna i lawe i ka lio ākea Pegasus i hānau ʻia mai ke kino o ke kanaka ʻO Gorgon Medusa i pepehi ʻia e Perseus i hiki ai ke lanakila me ko Chimera ʻekolu alo. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia kaila ʻo ke keiki a Sisyphus Bellerophon. ʻO kona inoa, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi o ka draculas, ʻo ia ʻo Dracula Bellerophon (D. bellerophon Luer & Escobar) i ʻike ʻia ma ke komohana komohana o ka Colombian Cordillera i 1978. He like loa ka helehelena me Dracula Chimera, akā ʻalaniʻulaʻula kāna mau pua i loko o ke kala kala, i uhi ʻia i ka pihi kūmākalu mānoanoa.
ʻO ka palena ʻākau i ka palena o ka genus he Southern Mexico, ka palena hema o ka palena o ka hoʻoili ʻana ʻo Peru.
Ma Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama a Peru, loaʻa wale kekahi mau ʻano, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻano nui ma Kolombia a me ʻEkuador. ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa i loaʻa i loko o ke awāwa hoʻokahi.
Ulu ka ulu o Dracula ma ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a i ka hapa i ʻelua a me ka hapa kilomita ma luna o ke kai nui i ka pali lāʻau ʻo Cordillera - ma mua o ke kahi o nā lāʻau nui, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe iʻoi aʻe o ʻekolu mau mika mai ka lepo, a i kekahi manawa ma ka lepo. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i nā loli i nā kūlana o ke ola: inā e hāʻule ka lāʻau i kahi mea i kanu ʻia i ke kumu kūlohelohe a ʻoki ʻia i lalo, e make koke ka orchid.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kūlana kūlohelohe i ulu ai nā draculas ma kahi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, nā ua nui, nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pae haʻahaʻa.
Dracula polyphemus, ʻōpala pua: nāhelehele i nānā ʻia i ke kua - nā mea palahalaha maikaʻi; pale ulaula ʻōleʻa me nā veins - lip (petal i hoʻololi ʻia); ʻelua mau ʻēheu liʻiliʻi ma luna - ʻelua mau kīlou; ke kahua i kū i waena o lākou i kahi kolamu (androecium, liki ʻia me gynoecium)ʻO nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano moʻomeheu nā mea kanu epiphytic me nā hua pōkole a me nā lau cereʻihi lōʻihi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka rhizome.ʻO Pseudobulbs i loko o nā orchids mai ka ʻano ʻo Dracula, ʻaʻole i like ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka punaewele ʻo Epidendrova.Epidendroideae) kū ka. Hiki i nā lau ke hoʻolālā i kahi ʻano spongy, ma ia hana he ʻokoʻa nā hana i nā pseudobulbs e nalowale nei. ʻO ka kala o nā lau mai ka kukui a hiki i ke kala'ōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻolālā nā pua i ka zygomorphic; i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole like ʻole i ke ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu, akā o ka mea maʻamau no lākou ka hui ʻana o nā ʻaluna ʻekolu i ke kumu ma ke ʻano he ʻano pana, ʻoiai nā kumu kikoʻī (outgrowths) o nā hale hānō e hoʻomāka lōʻihi loa. Hoʻopili pinepine kēia mau palu a me nā lauoho.
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Dracula e nā mea make, a me nā ʻopa a me nā hi.
ʻO nā peduncles ma ka nui o nā ʻano he hoʻokahi pua ʻalani, pololei a hala liʻiliʻi paha, ma kekahi mau holoholona ua alakaʻi ʻia i lalo, e komo ana i nā aerial aerial.
ʻO nā hua he liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi loa, fusiform.
ʻO Dracula kahi hale hulina kaulana i ʻEulopa i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. ʻO kā lākou mea nani, ʻano Gothic a me nā koi moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe i hana ai kēia mau mea kanu i kūʻai lilo ʻia a kūʻai ʻia.
Kūpono kēia mau mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole e ulu i kēia māla i ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano o nā mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole kūpono nā kūlana kūpono e puhi i nā wahi, e maloʻo i waho o nā kuʻuna o nā lau a me ka hala mua o ka pua. Pono maoli kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, pono pono me nā pā nui a me nā ea hau; ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ka wela o ka lā wela ma mua o 25 ° C.
Mālamalama: pale, pale ʻāpana.
ʻO nā mea kanu i ulu maikaʻi ʻia i loko o nā hīnaʻi lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea hao paha no nā mea kanu aku. Hiki ke waiho ʻia nā ipu me kahi layer sphagnum a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka momona Mekifern, a uhi ʻia me ka nui o ka ola sphagnum ma luna. Ke mālama nei i nā moss ma ke kūlana maikaʻi, he mea nui ia e lawe i ka wai kai wale no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma nā poloka Mexifern me kahi paʻu moss liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana ka nui o ka poʻe ʻohiʻohi i ka Sphagnum maloʻo maloʻo.
ʻO ka nui o ka wela o ka nui o nā ʻano he 15 ° C. I loko o nā mahina mahana, ʻaʻole e piʻi ka mahana ma luna o 25 ° C.
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa pilikino he 70-90%.
Dracula vespertilioUa māhele ʻia ke ʻano i ka subgenus i ʻekolu:
- Dracula subg.Sodiroa - monotypic subgenus me hoʻokahi ʻanoDracula sodiroi;
- Dracula subg.Xenosia - monotypic subgenus me hoʻokahi ʻanoDracula xenos;
- Dracula subg.Dracula - he subgenus, kahi i loaʻa nā ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe.
Nā faapili kikowaena Interspecific
ʻIke ʻia nā kūlohelohe interspecific o ka genus Dracula. ʻO kekahi o lākou:
- Dracula × anicula = Dracula cutis-bufonis × Dracula wallisii;
- Dracula × radiosyndactyla = ʻO ka radiosa Dracula × Dracula syndactyla.
Loaʻa nā mea ʻelua i kēia mau i Colombia.
Hueu kikowaena Intergeneric
Nui nā huaʻai ma waena o nā ʻano o ka genera Dracula a me Masdevallia. Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia mau hōʻiliʻili ma loko o ka ʻano genus Draculwallia:
- Dracuvallia Luer (1978) = Dracula Luer (1978) × Masdevallia Ruiz et Pav. (1794)
Dracula benedictii
ʻO ka radiosa DraculaNā maʻi a me nā pōpoki:
ʻO nā mea mālama i nā mea kanu no ka ʻohana orchid ma mua o 32 mau ʻano he 4 mau papa a me 7 mau kauoha. ʻOi ʻia kekahi ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 nā mau puʻu, nā mea ʻino a me nā mea āpau e hōʻeha ai i nā maʻi orchid: ka nānā ʻana i ka lau, ka aʻa ʻōpala, nā mea kanu ʻōpala, tuberidia, nā lau a me nā pua.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine nā mea: mites herbivorous, aphids, thrips, scutes, etc. ʻO nā maʻi: ʻeleʻele, aʻa, ʻulaʻula, fusarium, hina hina, anthracnose, etc.
He nani, a nani hoʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi ʻo Dracula (Dracula bella)
Dracula chimera (Dracula chimaera) Ua lawe mua ʻia kēia lāʻau lāʻau i ʻEulopa e ka huaʻāpili L. Linden i ka makahiki 1872 a ua lilo ia i mea hiʻona no nā hōʻiliʻili orchid i loko o nā māla huaʻai
ʻO ka psittacina Dracula
