I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ke ahulau i kā mākou mau māla i kahi maʻi ʻino i kapa ʻia ʻo ka popo hope. I ka wā e hālāwai mua ai ʻoe, ʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe iho: he mea pono ke ulu ʻana i nā ʻōmato i ka manawa, inā maʻalahi loa ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, hele mai lākou i ka hopena. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻūlū hope, a i ʻole nā kala e ʻohi ʻia, ʻaʻole nō ia kahi mea ʻino loa e hiki ai i kahi e moe ai i kā mākou wahi moe. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi, i hiki ke pale ʻia i ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe iho mai ke kaumaha a me ka minamina.
![](http://img.crushingplants.info/img/bota-2018/fitoftoroz-tomatov-profilaktika-i-meri-borbi.jpg)
ʻO Tomato i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka photofluorosis.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka puhila o nā kāmato
ʻO ka ʻala pololi a i ʻole kahi palaʻai o kāmato ke maʻi kahi i hoʻoili ʻia e nā maʻiʻōmaʻomaʻo nā microscopic fungus Phytophthora infestans. Hōʻike ia i ke ʻano o nā pua melemele elongated a i ʻole nā pihi ma ka lāʻau a me nā petioles o nā mea kanu, hina-brown i nā lau a me ka brownish-brown i nā hua.
Hoʻomaka mai nā papa wai o lalo o nā lau, ka pīpī i hala ke kiʻi nei i ka lāʻau kamato āpau. I ka maloʻo maloʻo, maloʻo nā wahi i ʻānai ʻia, i ka ua maloʻo.
Ma nā huaʻai, ʻaʻohe o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka wā hoʻokō, loaʻa i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā blight ka hoʻokalakupua. Ke ulu nei i ka holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e pili wale i ka integument o waho o ka voatō, akā pili pū kekahi i kona mau ʻāpana. Hiki i nā ʻōpala i hala ʻia i waiho ʻia no ka ʻala ʻana. Nā paila i hoʻopili ʻia e ka popo hope, ʻeleʻele a me ka maloʻo nā pua.
He aha ka mea e hoʻopuka ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻapoʻehā?
ʻO nā wahi o ka pālahalaha o nā mea ʻala hope e ākea a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka hōʻino i ka ikaika, ma waena a me nā nāwaliwali. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai paha ka liʻiliʻi o ka laha ʻana o kēia maʻi ma kou ʻāina, pono ʻoe e ʻike he pono ka lula ʻana, ʻoiai he mea hou i ka ʻōmato, e pili ana i ka hua pākolo, kope, a me nā ʻuala, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā hua lāʻau. ʻO ka poino e hōʻino ʻia e nā Phestophthora infestans e hopena pinepine a hiki i ka 70% hōʻeha hoihoi.
ʻO kahi manawa maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻalaʻawa o ka ʻāpana ʻelua a ke kauwela, e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ke ao a me ka mahana o ka mahana a me ke kakahiaka. ʻAi ʻia ka nui o ke kaila, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ma lalo o ka huaʻai i ka wā e ʻai ai, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole o nā moena, a me ka nui o ka kanu ʻana ʻana, a me ka hiki ʻana o nā mea maʻi i waena o nā hua ʻai e hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kali ʻana i kahi manawa kūpono no ka ʻōpū, akā, e mālama pono ma mua o ka pale i kou mau kamato mai ia mea.
Hōʻalo i nā hana kūʻē kūʻē ʻana i ka momona
1. ʻO ke ala pale maʻalahi loa i ka hakakā ʻana me ka puhipuhi i ke kala ʻana, i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka hapanui o nā kumu palapala, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole i kēia maʻi. Akā ʻaʻole kūleʻa nā ʻōmato ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻole hoʻi nā lua, ʻaʻohe mea e kākau ai nā mea hana i nā pā me nā huaʻala. ʻO kekahi agronomists e pili ana i nā ʻano paʻa loa: "Liana", "Glory of Moldova", "Grotto", "Gribovsky 1180", "Cinderella" a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
![](http://img.crushingplants.info/img/bota-2018/fitoftoroz-tomatov-profilaktika-i-meri-borbi-2.jpg)
Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ʻo Tomato e ka photofluorosis.
2. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka tōmato me kahi ulu pōkole e like me ka hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ka hua, e like me "Ka maikaʻi", "Radical", "Debut F1", "Sanka". Ma kahi e hoʻohua ai i nā hua i nā lā 80 - 90 lā, pale maoli lākou i ka hopena o ka luku ʻia ʻana e nā ʻeha kino.
3. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe e kōkua pū i ka pale mai ka lohi ʻana. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou ʻano hana hoʻomohala ma ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana i nā lau haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu lāʻau a emi ʻole hoʻi i ka umauma nui.
4. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hana maikaʻi ma ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka mālama i kahi mahana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Inā ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻonohonoho pono ai i kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki nō, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pō anuanu, e uhi i nā kanu huaʻai me ka foil i ke ahiahi.
5. E like me ke pale ʻana i ka hala o ke kala ʻana, ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana ma ke kahua ākea a i nā kīʻaha, pono ʻia nā hua a kamato me kahi 1% hāmeʻa o ka potassium permanganate.
6. Inā “hele” paha ka ʻeke a puni ke kīhāpai, pono ka hohonu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka moena: pono ʻole e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea kanu, akā kanu ʻia i ka lepo a puhi ʻia paha, a pono e ʻoki ʻia nā mea kanu.
7. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi manawa pōpilikia, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea kanu kamato mai nā nāhelehele, e pale ai i ka makika mai ka hele ʻana i ka lau i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai, e hoʻohālikelike me kahi pāpaona nui a pāheʻe me ka wai kolo (1 tsp per 10 l o ka wai). Ma hope iho, e huki hou ʻia ka hana ʻana i ʻelua mau manawa me kahi kikowaena ʻelua pule, a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula ʻana o ka hua.
8. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi e ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā regulators ulu i nā kamato. ʻO "Epin plus", "Oksigumat", e hoʻoikaika ana i nā mea kanu, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ikaika e pale aku i ka ʻeha.
![](http://img.crushingplants.info/img/bota-2018/fitoftoroz-tomatov-profilaktika-i-meri-borbi-3.jpg)
ʻO nā mea kanu Tomato i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka photofluorosis.
9. ʻO ke keʻakeʻa pale ʻia ke lawe ʻia ʻana o nā lau haʻahaʻa loa, no ka mea ua loaʻa iā lākou ke "ʻohi" i kēia maʻi.
10. I nā hōʻike mua o ka popo o nā pōpoki o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili - pono ia e huki a kāpae i ka māla.
11. Inā hiki i ke kukui ke hele mai i nā wahi e pili ana a makemake ʻia ka makika no kona hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kali e hoʻopōʻino iā ʻoe, akā lawe ʻoe i nā hua ʻai ʻole a kau iā lākou i ka make, me ka hoʻōki ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka wai wela. Pono e lawehala ʻia nā ʻaina ma ke kala, ma ke ʻano o + 25 ° C, disinfection - no ʻelua mau minuke i ka wai me ka mahana o + 60 ° C.
12. ʻO kekahi mau māla, e like me ke ana i hana mua ʻia, e hoʻohana i ka infusion o ke kāleka (no 10 lita o ka wai, 1.5 mau kīʻī o ke kāleka maʻa, 1.5 g o ka potassium permanganate a ma kahi o 2 tbsp. ʻO ka umauma holoi. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana mua ʻana i ka wā e kanu maikaʻi ai nā mea kanu i ka lepo (ma kahi o 10-14 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana), ua ʻōlelo hou ʻia ka lua a ma hope ma hope o ʻelua pule, ma kahi o 150 g o ka hoʻonā i kēlā me kēia mea kanu.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i pale aku i ka maʻi mai, a ke hilinaʻi nei nei i ka pohō i ka ʻili o ke pilikia he pilikia paʻakikī, hiki ʻole ke noho ma luna o kēia mau ana, akā me ka make ʻole e hoʻomohala i nā hana hoʻoponopono hou aku iā lākou.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohana hoʻomehana no ka mālama ʻana i ka pōpoki o ka pō
Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona mua o ka haki lekiu, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻōmato, he hōʻailona kēia e hoʻomaka ana ka maʻi (i.e. ua noho ke kahe i loko o nā ʻāpihi kanu no kekahi mau manawa), pono e hoʻomaka i ka hakakā ʻana, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ma nā ʻano kemika, ma mua - pehea hoʻomaka wale ka thermometer i ka + 10 ° С, ua hoʻomaka nā kohu ikaika i nā mea kanu a ua hoʻomoe i ka ua ma mua o ʻelua mau lā. Hiki iā ʻAukake a i Kepakemaka paha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o Iulai, a i kekahi manawa ʻo Iune.
![](http://img.crushingplants.info/img/bota-2018/fitoftoroz-tomatov-profilaktika-i-meri-borbi-4.jpg)
Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ʻo Tomato e ka photofluorosis.
Pono e koho pono i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi mea e pili ana i ka mea ʻike pinepine ʻia ka Phytophthora infestans e pale kū i ka chemotherapy, ʻo ia ka mea e lawe ai i ke kālā me nā meaola like ʻole. Pono e mālama ʻia i ka lau hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi pule. He mea e noi aku ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nīnau hou no ka wahi o ke kūʻai. Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka piʻi ʻana i ka ʻekeʻawa, ua kū mau ke kaila hou i ka mākeke. ʻO ka mea kahiko, i hōʻoia ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke paipai i ka "Bravo", "Ditan", "Ditan M-45", "Ridomil Gold".
Pono e lawe ʻia nā prophylaxis i ke ahiahi, me ka pau ʻole o ka makani. Pono ka hoʻōla mua ʻana ma kahi o 20 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Nā mea hoʻohana ʻaanika
ʻO kahi hoʻomākaukau Microbiological, e like me Fitosporin a me Trichodermin, he koho maikaʻi loa nō hoʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā microorganism i loko o lākou e hoʻoikaika i ka hua phytophthora, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hūnā ʻia e ka ʻōpū Trichoderma lignorum e hoʻopau i nā huakaʻi pathogenic o nā pathogens ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e hiki loa iā lākou ke hoʻopau loa i ka pala o ka ʻolaka, no laila e pono ke hoʻohana pono ʻia me nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka mālama a me ka pale.
Hoʻopau i nā kānaka kū'ē i ka pōkole
No ka mea e ulu mau ana mākou i nā ʻōmato "no mākou iho" hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo i nā mea kū'ē i ka hopena o nā mea ʻala a me nā hopena lahui. ʻAʻole lawa ko lākou ʻepekema ʻepekema e ʻōlelo, akā naʻe ...
1. ʻōpala pine. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala paʻu a ʻūlū iā lākou no 2 a 3 mau minuke i 300 a 400 ml o ka wai. E hōʻoli i ka wai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka wai me ka wai maʻemaʻe 1 x 5 a kāpīpī i nā tōmato.
![](http://img.crushingplants.info/img/bota-2018/fitoftoroz-tomatov-profilaktika-i-meri-borbi-5.jpg)
ʻO ka lau kamato i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka photofluorosis.
2. Ash. Kohuila ma kahi o 300 g o ka lehu no kahi mau minuke 30 i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai. Noho, kānana, hoʻoheheʻe i 10 l wai o ka wai me ka hoʻohui o 20 g o ka huʻu aʻa.
3. ʻO ka mauʻu lau. Ma 10 l ka wai 1 kg o ka lau malō a i ʻole he mauʻu, he ʻāpana o ka urea - hoʻopaʻa iā 3 a hiki i 4 lā. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pīpoki me ka lewa o nā pule he 1.5.
4. Kahi keleawe. No 10 mau wai o ka wai, 2 g keleawe keleawe a me 200 g ka kāwili.