E pili ana i ka nui o nā ʻano plums i loko o ke ʻano, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hele i kahi ʻae. I kekahi mau kumu, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi nui o 30 me kekahi ma kahi o 40. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka hua o ka plum a hiki i kēia lā.
Culturally, ʻaʻole iki ka plum i ka mea hoʻokūkū i ka hua waina a me nā hua ʻōpio i hānai ʻia e ka poʻe mai ka wā kahiko, eia naʻe, ma kahi o ka hoʻohana a ke kanaka i kāna ʻano like ʻole a me ka pālahalaha i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, aia nō ia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hua like ʻole a me nā hua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like o nā plums
Home plum - kekahi ʻano moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻāina he nui. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hua maikaʻi o kēia ʻano palu ma ke ʻano, akā me ka komo ʻana o ke kanaka, hiki paha. Ke hōʻike nei i kēia ʻano, ʻaʻohe hiki i kekahi ke haʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau huaʻai, kūpono hoʻi ia no ka hoʻomaloʻo, e kū ana i luna mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ākea o nā plem homemade i nā ʻano ʻono. Volga plum wahine nani me ka wā ʻōpala mua a me nā hua ʻulaʻula-pula nui nui (34-50 gram), uhi ʻia i ka pulu wīwī palupalu, ʻāpono i ka ʻono. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, aia ke ʻano o ka nui ma mua o ka pākaukau, akā i ke kū'ē i ka make - i ke kiʻekiʻe (ke anuanu ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā lāʻau). Hōʻike ʻia kahi hikiwawe maʻalahi i nā pōpoki (ua loaʻa nā hihia maʻamau o ka palau a me ka pala hina o nā hua). Maikaʻi nui ka momona ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā ʻano plum Zhiguli a me nā ʻulaʻula mua.
ʻĀpala polu - he mākaʻikaʻi ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka huaʻōlelo mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a ma ka hema o Kina. Piʻi ʻo ia ma luna o ka lau o ka honua e like me ka 12 mau mita! He lei kaukaā iā ia, he kahi ʻomele hina-hina o nā ʻōpala a me nā hua spherical he 2,5 cm ka diameter, ʻulaʻula, melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha i ʻulaʻula, me nā wili lau ʻole. ʻO ka pulp o nā pala wai momona e kū pono i ka momona melon. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hua mai ka makahiki o 7, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka hua i ka mahina o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. Loaʻa ia kahi paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hopena o nā hua he 67%.
Pissardi plum (ʻāpana paleka-ʻula ʻaina)
E ulu ma nā pā ākea o nā kuahiwi ma ʻĀsia Asia. I nā ʻōlelo makamae, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano ma waena o nā mea āpau a, i hoʻākāka ʻia e nā pua ʻulaʻula o nā lau a he mea ʻokoʻa ia i ka nānā ʻana, ma nā pua ʻulaʻula nui e kū mai ana ma mua o ka pua ka pua a ma ka hope o ka pua ua loaʻa i kahi hue ʻulaʻula. ʻO 6 kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. ʻAno hua nui, ke kala o ka hua ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula cherry.
Palapala ʻia nā ʻano plum e like me 2 mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi - kūlike i ka hau a me ka hoʻomanawanui. I nā hua hau-kūlohelohe ka hona:
- makemakiki wawe, maʻi ʻole, maʻi like-fruited plum alyonushka (paʻakaha maʻalahi);
- ʻōpō mua ʻala plum Eurasia 21 me nā hua momona maikaʻi loa, akā hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi (ʻoi ʻia ke kūwili kiʻekiʻe);
- i ka wā mua hoʻi, me nā hua ʻono ʻole, nā like ʻole ʻōpala mua (ke kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe).
ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka anuanu i hōʻike i kahi helu nui o nā ʻano plum, ka hoʻohiolo ʻana o ka maloʻo ma kā lākou mau pae. ʻO ka ʻono o ka hua i ʻole e palē i ka maloʻo i nā ʻano aʻe:
- huhū ʻaʻa haole, nunui-fruited, ʻono ʻano ʻono plan stanley (a i ʻO Stanley) me nā hua oval-round (kāhea i ke aniani hala ʻole);
- ka mea nui loa (huaʻaila - 60-100 kākā), ʻoi ka hua piha ʻana i ka nui o ka huahana pelekikena plum me nā mea naʻe, ʻaʻole ka hua nui loa.
Pono mau ia e lawe i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e koho ai i ka mea kanu no ka ulu ʻana ma kahi pūnaewele, ʻo ke plum i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ke holo nui ʻana, ʻo Eurasia 21 plum, a me nā mea āpau. peach plum Michurin, aia mau a ʻona a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaena wale nō i ka ʻoli o ka hua, a he hiki paha i ka lilo i ko lākou ʻuhane kūlohelohe.
Plana greensloth Altana
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe nā ʻano ʻē aʻe kūʻokoʻa, e like me plana greengage Altana, ka mea, i lalo o nā rula o ka mālama ʻana, hoʻokahi wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelima ʻaʻole e hūnā i ka hua, a ʻoi paha ka paʻa plum hungarian azhanskaya me nā hua maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā manaʻo o ka plum i hoʻokomo i ka manaʻo o ka nui o ka poʻe i manaʻo i ka hua a i ai paha i loko o nā poli poni a ʻulaʻula paha. Ke hoʻomaka ka kamaʻilio ʻana ʻulaʻula, ma ke kiʻi ke nānā ʻia cherum plum. Akā ʻo ka mea maoli, he nui nā hua melemele ʻehā o ka plum (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano kūlike ʻo Kina i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna - i waena o nā kala o nā hua o kēia ʻano he melemele) a ʻano like lākou i ka ʻono a me ka nui.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona umauma melemele keʻokeʻo, inoa i inoa no ka mea he meli kāna, ʻono loa, akā ʻaʻole kapa. Ma ke ala, nā kumu kumu o nā ʻano he Ukrainian kanu. Kuhi ʻia ia e ka unpretentiousness, 30-50 mau peka o ka ʻanuʻu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā hua melemele me kahi keʻokeʻo waʻa Waxy.
ʻO ia kekahi o ka ulu mua ʻana o nā ʻano plum a mua (hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hōʻiliʻili i ka hopena o Iulai) akā naʻe, he ulu pilikino a makemake ʻia i kahi pollinator, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ke pāʻani ʻia e kahi plum mua maikaʻiʻī a me kahi kālā puaʻa Karbyshev. Aia ka lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5 mau mika, hāʻawi i ka hōʻiliʻili nui, kūleʻa i ka hoʻoilo.
Yacht plum
ʻO kahi puʻe melemele kekahi me ke aniani ma ke kala gula - yacht plum - ka protagonist o kēia ʻatikala, a e kūkākūkā ʻia no kona kanu ʻana ma lalo nei. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano paʻakikī i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā ʻano like ʻo H.V. Enikeev a me S.N.Satarova. Ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hele ʻana i nā ʻano plum Eurasia 21 a me ka plum resin. ʻO ka papa inoa o kona pono pono, me ka ʻole o ka exaggeration, hoihoi - i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo nui, ua kokoke nā pua pua o kēia plum i ka hopohopo e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, me ka lāʻau me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka maloʻo, ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā pōpilikia.
Kālai ikaika kahi ikaika e ulu mau ana a hiki i 5.5 mau kiʻekiʻe ke komo i ka ulu hua no 3-4 mau makahiki o ke ola, e ʻoluʻolu me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea nona ka ʻohi a hoʻokahi makahiki. I ka hopena o ʻAukake, mai kahi kīlū o ia ʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i ka 45-50 kg o ka puni, elongated aila, kukui gula, a me nā hua ʻono me kahi mea hoʻowalewale, ke kaupaona nei he 25-35 mau pākahi pākahi. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka ʻano pākahi i ka liʻiliʻi - i mea e loaʻa ai ka hōʻiliʻili nui i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua makemake ʻia nā mea koho (ʻoi loa iho ka momona), kahi o plum Hungarian plum, ma ka wīwī ʻāwīwī ʻana o Moscow a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Timiryazev.
Kauka plum
He papa papahele i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka kumu o Eurasia 21 plum a me ka nani Volga nani, i manaʻo ʻia no nā kumu loea. Hoʻopiha loa ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ke kikowaena waena o ka Lūkini Lūkini ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Aia kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ma mua o ka mākaukau, a laila iho. Loaʻa nā hua oval i ka burgundy-lilac a i ʻole nā poni ʻulaʻulaʻula a me kahi kāwele ʻaila mānoʻomaʻo a me nā ʻono maikaʻi me kahi paʻi o ka ʻalaʻula.
Hoʻomaka ka hua ʻana i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, ʻo ka ʻūhū ʻana o nā hua i ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, mau nō kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki i kahi noiʻi ke hāʻawi i ka 20 kg o ka hōʻiliʻili mai kahi lāʻau, a ʻo kona kumu ponoʻī e hoʻoholo i nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe o ka noho ma ka pahu i loko o ka friji (a hiki i 60 lā) a me ka lawe ʻana o nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Ua hoʻonui ka ʻaina i ka ʻāʻī o ka hoʻoilo ma nā lāʻau a me nā pua pua, a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka ua mau lā. ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono ia e ʻike i kahi mea hoihoi loa i ka wā sultry e hua ana nā hua i mea momona nui loa.
Paʻi ʻaina - ʻehā-mua, kakahiaka. Ke kū nei ʻo Ripening i ka hopena o Iulai! Ma ka manawa like, nā huaʻono e ʻono maikaʻi a nānā maikaʻi. ʻO ko lākou paona he 30-35 mau grama, a hiki i kekahi lāʻau ke hāʻawi i ka 25 kg o nā pā. Me ka mālama pono haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e noho ʻē aʻe me ia, no ka mea e ʻai koke ʻia ka huaʻai.
I ka hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa o nā ʻōpala, ua kūpono loa ka nani o kona kāhiko ʻia e ke ala - ua kūleʻa nui ʻia ka lāʻau (2 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe) a komo i loko o kahi pālahalaha kīwī, hoʻoheheʻe mua iā ia me ka ʻai ʻōpala keʻokeʻo (i ka pūnāwai i ka wā pua), a laila ʻulaʻula-burgundy huaʻai kalaʻula (i ke kauwela). Hele kēia mau mea a pau i ka helehelena o nā kumala lau uliuli ʻōwili.
ʻOi ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hau hauoli o nā ʻano, eia naʻe, ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi / maʻi maʻi maʻamau no nā plums. Ka pilikino pilikino e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻonā ʻana i kahi māla kolamu e kokoke ana i ka kolamu, i ka wana o ka mua a i ʻole ka ʻalae kolone, a ma ke ʻano e hōʻike ʻia ma hope.
ʻŌpala ʻo Blueberry
Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, hoʻonani ʻia ka hōʻailona me ka ikaika a me nā mea nui ʻāpala polūa mākou i aloha ai "moemoeā moena" Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kēia poʻo inoa no ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka hua - 70-75 grama. He wahi ʻulaʻula uliuli kēia me nā hōkuhi subcutaneous, very immature and transportable.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī i ka manaʻo ka hiki i ka ʻono ke hoʻopono i kēia hihia - ʻo ke ala, akā inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā subtleties agronomic o nā ʻano, ua huli ka mea nui loa kēia plum (i ka hopena o Kepakemapa ma Krasnodar) a loaʻa ka momona i ka 7 mau lā o ka make. lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai ʻaʻole ia i ʻoki ʻia, akā me kahi hōʻike.
Ua kiʻekiʻe nā hua o nā ʻano, akā i nā kūlana o ka Leka Rūkini e loaʻa wale ai i nā wahi hema. ʻAʻole e makemake ʻia ia e wehewehe i ka ʻūpā o ka Stanley plum, ʻo ka pelekikena i kū i ka plum.
Nā ʻōpū kala-lei Ua koi nui ʻia i ka CIS i kēia lā, ka mea nui ma muli o kona koi, ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia ka mālama hua a me ka mālama. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā lālā make i kēlā mau lālā i muri mai, a kuʻi ka hua ʻana, kēlā, ma nā kumu nui, i uhi ʻia i nā hua.
Kahi liʻiliʻi ka lāʻau, akā lawe ia i nā hua i ke kauwela, e hāʻawi ana i ka poʻe kauwela o 20 me ka ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki (me ka mālama pono, ʻoiaʻiʻo) no 7-10 mau makahiki. Loaʻa nā pono ma luna o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o 2 mau makahiki wale nō mai ka manawa o ka kanu. Noho nā ʻāpana māhola i noho ʻia no nā makahiki he 17 mau makahiki.
Kāpala kanu i ka pūnāwai
I mea e ulu ai ke kanu ʻana i nā plums, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi pūnāwai mua no ka hana ʻoiai ke kū nei nā lāʻau i loko o kahi kūlana hoʻomaha. E pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pūnaewele, a pono ʻole ka hohonu o ka honua ma luna o ka 1.5 mau mākaʻi i luna.
ʻO ka laulā o ka lua ʻauila kahi ma ka 1 mika, ʻo ka hohonu he 0.5 mika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomākaukau iā ia i mau mahina ma mua o ka pae ʻana. Kūpī ʻia nā hua lāʻau me nā hua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka lua, a laila pīpī ʻia lākou me ka palapala turf i hui ʻia me ka minerala a me nā kolamu organik.
ʻAʻole kōkua ʻia ke kuʻi ʻana i ka lepo, e like me ka hiamoe piha o ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ua pau i kekahi mau kenimika mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka lepo. I ka pau ʻana, pono ʻoe e mulch i ka pōʻai pili kokoke me ka puna a me ka humus a ninini i ka palaki maikaʻi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i mau pālua wai i ka wai ma nā hua āpau.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka lāʻau ʻōpiopio e hoʻoiho i ka makani a me nā iho i lalo o kēia manawa o kona ola ke hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia me ke kōkua o ke kākoʻo (e kuhi ʻia ana e hoʻouka iā ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau).
ʻO kekahi hua ʻē aʻe a maikaʻi loa a me ka mea kanu e kanu ai. Hiki ke ulu i ka wā kanu a mālama i ka hāhā, inā ʻoe e ʻimi i nā lula pono e mālama ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā loea e pono ai no ka kanu a mālama ʻana i kēia lāʻau i kēia ʻatikala.
Hoʻohuʻu i nā ʻōpala
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana wai a me ka maloʻo ma waho o ka lepo e like me nā mea kūlike o ka ʻaina. ʻO ia ke kumu e pono ai e hoʻomoʻo ka lāʻau inā pono, i ka wā e mālama nei i ka pae o ka humuhū.
I ka awelika, ʻo ka hohonu ma waena o nā kaʻina hana e 2-3 mau hebedoma, a i ke kauwela, hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau āpau me 3-6 ʻōpala wai.
No ka lepo no ka plum
Hoʻokahi wale nō mea pono no ka lepo, akā he mea nui loa ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke makemake i ka punika me ka palaka lepo o ka palaka a me ka lepo loamy a ʻaʻole hoʻi i makemake i ka lepo lepo kaumaha. ʻO ka ʻano mua ka hoʻoholo, no laila, me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau, ʻike mau ʻia ka lepo no ka acidity.
I ka hihia maʻamau, maʻamau ka hoʻohuihui ʻia o ka lepo ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lime hydrated i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki 4-6 (no ka eli ʻana, no nā pūhui māmā - 300-400 mau pākahi i 1 m. M, no nā pūhui koʻikoʻi - 2 mau manawa hou aʻe). No ka hana ʻana i ka lepo i ka acidification, ua hana ʻia kēia hana ma ka wā e ala ka pono.
La hoʻohuli
ʻO nā plums wale nō ka nui o kona makahiki ʻaʻole i hiki i 4-5 mau makahiki e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. I nā pākeke, ulu ke kumu o ka aʻa me ka eli ʻana i kahi lāʻau e hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia. ʻO kekahi ʻeha e hoʻopilikia i ka luawai, a he pono e lawe ʻia i ka wahi hou, e mālama ana i nā aʻa a me nā lālā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "hoʻokomo" i loko o ke ʻeke, a ʻo ka lua paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā kaula.
Ke hoʻomaka nei i kahi pīkoi, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka lāʻau ʻōpio (4-5 a lawa ka wai o ka wai) - no laila e maʻalahi ka eli ʻana. Ma hope o kēlā, kālai ʻia ka lāʻau i loko o kahi radius o 70 cm mai ka ʻōpala i kahi ʻāpana lau-cone o ka ʻāina me nā aʻa.
Me ka mālama nui, ua huki ʻia ʻo ia mai ka ʻāina a ua hoʻololi i kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e like me nā rula palena i hōʻike ʻia i kahi manawa ma mua. Hoʻokumu i nā loiloi no ke kanu ʻana i kahi pala, kahi manawa e pono ai no ka hoʻoulu ʻana he pūnāwai puna.
Nāʻaʻahu ʻaina
Pono e hoʻohālikelike i ka lepo ma kahi kauoha. I ka makahiki mua, ʻaʻole pono ka hānai eʻai ana, ma ka lua o 2 mau manawa hau-piha (ma ka lā mua a i ka lā hope o Iune).
Akā i ka makahiki 3 a ʻoi aku (e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wā e hua ai ka ulu) - nitrogen (nā lā hope o ʻApelila), nitrophosk (Iune), ka phosphorus-potash (ʻAukake a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili).
Hoʻomaka hua
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i ka plum. Hoʻomaka ia i ka pūnāwai me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lei i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu 27-40 cm 5-7 mau lālā maikaʻi i waiho ʻia i ka lei, i hōʻoki ʻia i ka mua, i mea e pale ai i ko lākou ulu hewa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pae hua, ua ʻoki ʻia ka mea lawe ma luna o nā ʻihi ʻaoʻao o luna, a laila e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi o ka lei maikaʻi.
Hōʻalo ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlohelohe a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lālā i hoʻopau ʻia, nā ʻōpala a me nā kumu lāʻau e ulu ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka ʻala a me ke hoʻopili ʻana i kēlā me kēia.
Hōʻulu i ka hoʻoilo
I nā hoʻomaka mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me ka neʻe ʻana mai o kahi uhi koʻikoʻi, pono kahi lūlū. Hiki iā lākou ke lawelawe ma ke uhi ʻana o ka lau a i ʻole lau hāʻule.
ʻO kahi pahu hau i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wahi o ka pōʻai i ka pōʻaiapuni he wahi maikaʻi ʻole ia e hāʻawi ʻia i ka wai i ka lāʻau i ka wā mua.
Kahu hui
Hiki ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia nā papa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua, ʻokiʻala, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole a ʻokiʻoki a me nā inoculation. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau āpau āpau, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ma mua o nā hua, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa i kēia mau lā ʻo ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo, kahi e kū nei no ka kiʻekiʻe ola ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio. Akā ʻaʻole pau nā ʻano plum a pau i ke kumu (kahi me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i ke aʻa a maikaʻi loa), ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili ana i ka plaz yakhontov - ua hoʻolaha ʻia i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā mālaʻu.
E like me ka rootstock, kahi aʻa pua o ka wīwī mua mua e ʻoki ʻia i kanu kokoke ʻia no ka hoʻopuni ʻana.Hana ʻia ka inoculation i loko o ka palaki ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻōpala o ke aʻa, ka hana ʻana i ka ʻalopili ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka slice a hohonu o 3 cm, e ʻoki ana i ka nū mai lalo mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ke ʻano o ka moe, hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana o ke kāwili ʻana a kāwili i ka wahi kālai ʻia me ka lāʻau polyethylene.
E hana i ka pua ʻana ma ka ʻāʻī (pili i ka manawa maloʻo, i ka wā hikiʻole ke kolo i ka ʻāʻā), ua hana ʻia kahi kihi 7-sentimeter (lōʻihi) ma ka ʻōpala aʻa, hopu i kahi ʻāpana o kahi lāʻau. Pili ʻia ka ʻala a ʻo kona ʻāpana haʻahaʻa me kahi ʻoki o kahi lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma lalo o ke akeʻa i loaʻa kahi puhaka i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka lāʻau me ka lāʻau.
Eia hou, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ke kinulau, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻūhā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyethylene like a waiho ʻole ʻia ka iwi scion. I ka hala ʻana o 3 wiki, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. ʻO ka piko o ka rootstock i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai e pono e ʻoki ʻia a noho mau ka spike he 15-sentimeter (ma ka lōʻihi) o ka pupu i luna ma luna o ka pūpū.
Hoʻōla pālua e nā ʻokiʻoki ʻala
Ke hoʻi nei i ke kumuhana o ka'ōpala pua, pono e wehewehe ʻia e pono no ka hana ke kaʻina ma Iune, me ka ulu o ka mea wana. Pono ka lōʻihi o kahi paʻa ka 30-40 cm, makemake ʻia e ʻoki ʻia i loko o ke ao kikinike mai kahi kanu ʻōpio.
Ke kau nei i ka hapai i ka wai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa maikaʻi loa, e kāhelele ʻia mai ka lalo me ka neʻe ʻana o ka pahu lalo i ka hapalua o ka petiole. I kēia hihia, hoʻonohonoho koke ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻoki luna ma hope o ka paukū 3. Ma hope aʻe, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻokiʻoki no ka manawa pō e nā palena haʻahaʻa i loko o kahi hopena heteroauxin i kahi hohonu o 1.5 cm.
ʻO ka hana holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa e pono e hana i loko o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho pono e mālama pono ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka papa hana no ka pōkole e kāwili ana i ka hoʻowalewale i ka peat a me ke one ma nā hoʻohālikelike like, ka pīpī ʻana i ka hui ʻana me kahi papa o ke one i ka mānoanoa o 1 cm, hoʻohāinu a me ka hoʻohuihui māmā.
Pono e kanu i nā ʻokiʻoki, ka nānā ʻana i kahi kihi o 45, kahi hohonu e like me ka lōʻihi mai ka lalo o ka ʻoki a hiki i ke koena mai ka lau mua o ka petiole, ka pilina kūleʻa o 5-7 cm a me ka pālahalaha inter-row 5-centimeter. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hana ʻia kahi uhi pale no lākou a neʻe ʻia i kahi wahi māmā me ka pale mai ka lā māmā.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana kanu ʻana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻaka, hana ʻia ka lole kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 30 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻohana ana i kahi hāleʻa o ka loea nitrogen (30 mau pākēnē no 10 lita o ka wai). Ma hope o ka hake ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka uhi.
Hōʻalo ka mālama hou ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻoki a hiki i ka pūnāwai, e pili ana i ka eli ʻana iā lākou i ka lā hope o Kepakemapa i hala, a wili i nā aʻa me nā pala, hoʻomākiuki iā lākou me ka hāwili a mālama iā lākou i kahi i loko o ka pā. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, kanu hou lākou i ka lepo. Ke ulu nei ma mua o ka pae ʻana i ka pūnaewele i mau makahiki 2 mau makahiki.
Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha
ʻO ke olakino maikaʻi o ka plum, a me ka ʻōhule yachting, hōʻoluʻolu iā ia i nā maʻi nui o nā lāʻau lāʻau. Eia naʻe, mālama maluhia a me kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali i kāna mau ʻano palekana no kekahi mau ʻano o waho.
ʻO ka laʻana ʻike maka - ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi e ʻike pinepine ʻia i waena o nā lāʻau plum, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka maʻi yachon plum mai ia mai. ʻO nā kumu kumu i nā ʻalapona e mālama ai, e like me ka hōʻino kino o ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka hana mālama me ka mea hana, hana i ka paʻila, a me nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ke kāʻī ʻana i ka ʻā ma hope o ka loli ʻana o ka pā.
Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe i kēia maʻi, hiki ke make ka plum. No ka hoʻokuʻu i ka maʻi, pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lāʻau koʻikoʻi a loaʻa i ka lāʻau me kahi pahi a hiki i ka lāʻau paʻa ʻole ʻia e wehe ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopihapiha ʻia me nā keleawe keleawe (1%), a laila pono e uhi ʻia me nā ʻano māla.
I kekahi ia ae plum aphid he hopena koʻikoʻi ma nā plums a i ka yachting. ʻO kēia mau manamana, nāʻu e pīhoihoi ana i nā kumulāʻau, huki i nā wai wai mai ka lāʻau, ʻōwili ʻia ka maloʻo a hāʻule i nā lau.
Ke loaʻa nei i nā lolo, pono e lawe i nā hana e pili ana i ka mālama inecticidal (1 papa o Intavir no 1 pākela o ka wai) a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻūhā o ka ʻōpala o ka pā kahiko me nā iniseti hoʻoilo i loko. I kēia hihia, ma ke ʻano he prophylaxis, ke keʻokeʻo o nā ʻoi a me nā lālā lae, a me ka hōʻino kino ʻana i nā wana (ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā ʻano ʻano e hoʻopili ʻia).
ʻ .leʻa kikowaena ʻaina ʻaina
Nui nā paʻi i nā plums. Hoʻopili pū kēia me nā mea hoʻonaninani maʻamau, nā pastry a me nā mea inu. E hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ʻia kēia hua a hele maikaʻi me ka ʻiʻo.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e kuke i nā kīʻaha kīʻaha me nā ʻōpala pickled, a mākou e lawe ai:
- 6,5 kg kahaha
- 1 ʻeke o nā kālai
- 1 ʻeke kaʻaahi
- 2,5 lita wai
- 1 kg o ke kō
- hapalua hapalua o 9 kaila winika.
Holoi mākou i nā huaʻai, hoʻopau i ko lākou mau moku, blanch i 80 mau degere wai no 2-3 mau minuke a wikiwiki e maloʻo ma lalo o ka wai kahe.
Ma nā papa o nā lua, e kau i nā ʻōpala me ke kinamona a pālahalaha i ka hua ma luna o lākou, a laila e ninini i ka wai wela hoʻopiha i laila, uhi me nā lids a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pā o 90 ℃ (hapalua-paʻala - 12-15 mau minuke, lita - 17-20, 3-lita - 30-35).
We roll mākou, huli ia i lalo a haʻalele iā e hoʻom ea i ka ea. ʻO kēia mau ʻōpala he mea maikaʻi wale nō no ka ʻai. ʻO ka nui o nā pānaʻi a me nā kōmole e pono no nā pāpaona 10 lita.
Hōʻike Gumbo mai ka plum jam
Ke hana maʻalahi nei ka hana ʻana i ka pahu plum i kapa ʻia ʻo Gumbo. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe:
- 2 kg kahaha
- pani ʻia ʻala nā melemele he 2
- kolo leki pāluna o 1 lemon,
- 1,5 kg o ke kō
- 250 kalona o ka ʻohi malohele, kīleʻa,
- He 125 ka nui o nā ʻniki i kālai ʻia ʻole ʻia.
I loko o kahi kīʻaha nui, e pālahalaha i nā aniani ʻelua, nā pāpaʻi, ke kō, ka honi a me ka ʻī ʻana i ka wai o ka lemon a me ka ʻulaʻula ma luna. Ma kahi ahi mālie, pono e kuke ʻia nā mea i hui ʻia no ka hapalua hola, a hiki i ka palupalu nā mea a pau a me nā pā.
Ma hope, e hoʻohui i nā nati, hoʻoala i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolapalapa no kahi 10 mau minuke (he lohi ke ahi), a ʻōlelo hou ʻia kona ʻano. Hiki ke ninini ʻia ka wai mākau i loko o nā ipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻāla ʻia.
Ka Paʻa Kūʻai Homemade
ʻO ka waina Plum, e like me ka waina waina, ʻokoʻa loa ia ma ke ʻano, ma kēia hihia, ka hua. No laila mai ka polū a me nā poni ʻulaʻula hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka waina kaʻo ʻulaʻula ulaula, a me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele (e like me ka yachting plum) i kūpono no ke kukui, aneane keʻokeʻo.
I kekahi hihia, pono ʻoe e mālama me ka ʻai a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua ʻai, he mea pono nō, he mau mea hou nō ia, ʻaʻole i hao ʻia a ʻaʻole huluhulu. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana iā lākou "e hoʻopunipuni" i ka lā no 2 lā. ʻAʻole pono e holoi i nā hua i hana ʻia i ka hale, no ka mea, e auhele ʻole lākou, akā pono e holoi ʻia nā mea kūʻai.
No laila, i mea e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka waina homemade paʻa mai loko mai o ka plums, lawe mākou i nā huaʻai, ua ʻalī ʻia, no ke kaupaona o 6 kg, ʻokiʻoki a kāpī iki ʻia, ninini 2-3 lita o ka vodka me ka luna, e koi i 3 wiki, a laila hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi moku.
I ke koena pulapula he wahi kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o kona kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohui mākou i ka wai hoʻomanahana ʻia, e hoʻomoʻo ia, kānana a hoʻomoʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia ka wai o ka hopena me ke kō i ka hoʻohālikelike like. Hoʻohui i ka ʻōkoke me ka tātū vodka, pani ʻia me ka laka ʻana i ka wai a waiho i ka waina i kēia moku a hiki i kona pau ʻana a puni.
