ʻO nā maʻi a me nā mea kanu o ka kukama, ka paukena, ka palahala

Ma ko mākou wahi he paʻakikī ke kiʻi i kahi māla a i ke kauwela kauwela kahi e ulu nui ai nā kukama, squash a me nā paukena. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i pilikia ka māla lāʻau a ua ʻike ʻia nā hana agrotechnical āpau i ka poʻe noho o ke kauwela no ka manawa lōʻihi. Akā inā paha ia i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ma mua, e hoʻomaka ka moe ʻala o nā kukama i ka melemele, mae nā lau o nā mea kanu, ʻōʻō nā hua a ko nā hua i ke ahulau. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku paha, i hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu e nā pōpilikia, a i ʻole ʻia e ka maʻi. A ua lawa a mau kukama, maukōpala a me ka zucchini. Hoʻokomo i nā māla o ka kumule, paukala, mau pākana a me ka squash, ma kahi o kā lākou iho, nā mea pōʻino e hōʻino i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā māla o ka kukama, ka paukena, ka kalaka a me ka squash

ʻItelelo Spider mite

He mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka moʻomeheu o nā kukama i nā hale liʻiliʻi a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka kino ʻili a i ka oblong paha, 0.3-0.4 mm ka lōʻihi. Spherical hua; i kēia manawa i hoʻopuni hou - kūlohelohe i ke kala, aniani, ma hope mai - ʻaʻole maopopo.

Noho ʻo Ticks a hānai i ka lalo o nā lau, hoʻopili ʻia iā lākou me ka lāhui o ka pūnaewele spider. Ma nā lau i kino ʻia, puka nā ʻōmole māmā mua, e like me ka pinpricks (ʻike nui ʻia mai ka piko o ka ʻaoʻao). Ma hope iho, lilo ka lau i ka ʻoka (marmer), a laila huli i ka melemele a maloʻo; me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka make o ka lāʻau āpau ke hiki.

ʻO ka ʻōpala a me nā hua ʻōpiopio, ka mea e hānai ana i nā hua pā o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻohana maukahu, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā pua, ovaries o nā hua a me nā lau e hāʻule, e hōʻemi ana i ka loaʻa o ka hopena.

I ka ʻāina mākaʻi, ʻike ʻia nā kuki mai ka hapalua ʻelua o Iune. Ma laila lākou e hānai nui ai i nā makahiki wela. I nā makahiki maʻamau, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻili i nā hōkū liʻiliʻi a me nā wahi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaʻa ka mea pīpī no ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. I ka hapanui o ka nui, ʻōpiopio nā manu ʻawaʻawa ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu o ka honua, ma nā ʻūlū o nā hale, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā māla, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka helehelena o ka papa lepo i ka hohonu o 30-60 mm.

I ka pūnāwai, i ka mahana o 12 ... 13 ° C, hoʻomaka nā wahine hānai i hoʻomoe i nā hua ma lalo o nā lau o nā lau a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻai i nā lā 5-7 ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā wahi hoʻoilo. Ma hope o nā lā 5-7, puka mai nā laka mai nā hua, e ola ana a hānai i ka lalo o nā lau. Ke hoʻomau mau nei ka mākuhi i ka manawa wela holoʻokoʻa. Pono i ka 10-28 mau lā e hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi hanauna.

Loaʻa ka spider mite.

Pūnaewele Spider mites (Tetranychidae). © James Clay

Kūwaha hoʻomalu spider mite

ka hoʻolila mau ʻana i nā moena me nā kukama me ka wai i ke ao (i ka wā wela);
ke pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i ka ʻala a i ʻole nā ʻāpana kākala (200 g o nā pahu i ka 10 l o ka wai);
ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ʻōiwi;
ke hoʻolilo nei i nā mea kanu i ka wā ulu e kū mai kahi hōʻailona me kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau: celtan (chloroethanol), 20% ke. (20 g no 10 liters o ka wai); i nā kūlana o ka lepo i mālama ʻia i loko o ka manawa like, ʻo isophene, 10% ke. a he 10% c. kumuhana (60 g no 10 l o ka wai) a me ka lepo lepo (300 g no 100 m²);
hohonu hohonu o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka lepo me ka luku ʻana o nā koena post-hōʻiliʻili.

ʻO nā aphids Gourd

He pālahalaha ia, he hānai ma kahi o nā mea kanu 46, a ʻo nā mea pinepine e hoʻopōʻino i nā kukama a me ka zucchini. ʻO ke kino o nā wahine nāhelehe ʻole he oval, ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻeleʻele loa, 1.25-2.1 mm ka lōʻihi. He melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā ʻōkuhi, nā ʻēheu a he ʻole ʻēheu. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā manawa maʻamau, e hāʻawi ana i nā wā 14-20 mau hanauna.

ʻO ka hapanui keu aphids overwinter, i kekahi manawa larvae. Hoʻomaka ka hana hou i ka pūnāwai i kahi mahana ma kahi o 12 ° C. ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana he 16 ... 22 ° C. I ka pūnāwai, hoʻoulu ka pōpoki a hānai mua i nā lau, a laila neʻe i nā kukama, zucchini a me nā mea kanu o pau. Aia nā kolana Aphid ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā lau, ma luna o nā pua, ovaries a me nā pua. Ua luku ʻia nā lau ʻōpala, nā pua a me nā lau. Hoʻopau ke ulu i nā mea kanu, ke make mau nei nā mea kanu.

I ka ʻāina ākea ma nā kulekele aphid i ʻike ʻia i nā kukama i ka Iulai - ʻAkake, i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - i ka pūnāwai.

Melon aphid, a i ʻole cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). © A. Franck & T. Brevault

ʻO nā hana e pale ai i nā aphids melon

ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka puka o kahi pūpū i ka wā e ulu ana ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana me kekahi o nā hoʻomākaukau: karbofos, 10% ke. a he 10% c. p. (60 g no 10 l ka wai) i kahi lepo i mālama ʻia, trichloromethaphosome-3 (triphosomes), 10% ke. (50-100 g no 10 lita o ka wai).

Lele lele

Hoʻopilikia kekahi mea kanu o nā hua paukiki. He liʻiliʻi ka lele, 5-7 mm lōʻihi, hina a hina me ka lālani ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū. Ke keʻokeʻo a me ke keʻokeʻo, ʻike ʻia i mua o nā maka, me nā niho o ka hope o ke kino, a hiki i 7 mm lōʻihi.

ʻO ka pupae o ka lele i ka ʻāina palupalu i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu, nā hua ʻai a me ka ʻū. Lele ka lele i ka pūnāwai i Mei, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua o ka birch; Mālama i nā hua huaiki ma ka hapa lua o Mei ma lalo o ka ʻōpū o ka lepo, keʻakeʻa i ka ʻāina maloʻo me ka manure maikaʻi ʻole kanu ʻia. Ma hope o 2-10 lā, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala e hōʻino i ka nui o nā mea kanu i nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu like ʻole. I nā mea kanu o kahi kukama, hoʻomoʻi lākou i kahi kuli piko a komo i loko o ka lāʻau. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e pōpoki i nā lā 12-16. I ka wā holo, e hoʻomohala ana nā 2-3 mau hanauna o ka lele poma.

Lele lele (Delia platura). © LDP

E nāʻaina mana pākiki lele

ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻeli luwelo o ka lepo me ka hoʻopuka a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i ka hana manure;
lulu kanu i ka manawa kūpono (maikaʻi loa ma ke kula), kanu ʻia nā hua ma kahi palau, akā me ka makaʻala;
ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā koena post-hōʻiliʻili kanu.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka kukama, ka paukena, ka kalaka a me ka squash

Anthracnose

ʻO ka mālamalama kumu kumu o nā maʻi. ʻO nā zucchini, kukama, paukaka, squash i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻolālā. I loko o nā hale liʻiliʻi a me nā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nui ka maʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i ka wā ulu holoʻokoʻa. Pohaku, nā wahi ākea ākea i nā lau. I kekahi manawa, hoʻonui, hoʻonui, hoʻohui, e uhi ana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka lau lau a hāʻawi i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana puhi. A laila ʻoliala nā lau, maloʻo, ʻohi, palupalu. Ma nā lāʻau a me nā pulupili, nā pōpoki elongated, nui nui, uwē. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pads ʻona mākeke ma luna o lākou, nāʻuʻili nā hua i ʻaloli a maeʻa, lilo i ʻawa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻino mai ka anthracnose ma kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua. Hoʻoulu wale ka maʻi ʻaʻole i ka wā kanu mea kanu, akā i ka wā hōʻiliʻili ʻia.

ʻO ka kumu kumu o ka anthracnose hoʻoilo i ka lepo lepo i hoʻopuni ʻia, i kekahi manawa me nā hua i kā ʻia mai nā hua maʻi.

ʻO Anthracnose ma nā lau o kahi kukala. © Scot Nelson

Hoʻomaʻowalu i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo Anthracnose

culling i nā lāʻau kanu;
ka wehe ʻana i nā mea maʻi i ka wā o ka pua;
ke pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka wā e ulu ana i ka ʻāina i mālama ʻia me ka colloidal hina, 35% pā (40-100 g no 10 l o ka wai); Hoʻomoʻa i ka Bordeaux (100 g o ka keleawe keleawe a me 100 g ka lime i ka 10 l o ka wai) mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi;
ka wehe ʻana o nā kiʻina hale a me nā ʻāpana lāʻau i nā pā hale kiʻi ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana me ka hoʻokeo (200 g no 10 l o ka wai);
ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā koena o ka wā lohi.

ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery

ʻO ka maʻi ʻeha, i hōʻike ʻia i nā kūlana o ka zole non-chernozem ma ka kukama, zucchini, paukena, mauʻu. Hoʻokumu ka mea kumu kumu o ka maʻi i nā meakanu kanu a pā aku i ka paukena mai ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku hoʻi me ka hau pinepine. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā lau a me nā hua. Mea ʻino loa ka maʻi inā kiʻekiʻe ka mākeke i nā kūlana kīnā ʻole lawa.

I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā lau kahiko. A laila e hoʻonui lākou i ka nui a me ka nui, hoʻohui, ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā lau, uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa i kahi kāʻei pauma keʻokeʻo. Ua loli ka nui o nā lau e waiho i ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka mālamalama, ka ʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a lailaʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā kumu a me nā lau ʻōpio lilo i chlorotic, underdeveloped a hiki ke make loa i waho. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hua i nā lehelehe i hele mua i mua o ke aloha, loaʻa ka ʻona ʻole a me ka ʻole o nā moʻo ʻona, e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hopena, e hoʻomau mau ʻia i lalo o ke ʻano o ka make.

Loaʻa ka ʻōpū pua i nā koena o nā mea maʻi maʻi, a me ka nui o nā perennials herbaceous hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻōpala (thistle, plantain, etc.). I ka pūnāwai, ua lilo nā hua ʻōpio o nā paukena. ʻO kahi maʻi ʻino loa, ubiquitous. ʻO nā mea kanu kālena ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wahi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kīpē ma mua o nā palahalaha.

ʻO ka pulupulu Powdery ma nā lau o kahi kukama. © Scot Nelson

Powdery Mildew Mana Kaona

ka wehe ʻana i nā pihi o ka paukena a me nā mea kanu palaoa a puni nā pā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā keiki wela;
hohonu hohonu o ka hohonu o ka lepo;
ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā kukama i ko lākou wahi i hana mua ʻia ma mua o nā makahiki 3-4;
mālama i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wahi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ea o ka ea o 20 ... 25 ° C, ka lepo lepo maʻamau;
Ke hoʻolei nei i nā mea kanu me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hōʻailona mua o ka wīwī ʻōpala me kahi mea hoʻomākaukau: colloid hina - 70% pālolo, 70% paniable, 80% s. kumuhana, 80% pākaha (20 g no 10 l o ka wai ma ka ʻāina ākea a me 40 g no 10 l o ka wai ma ka ʻāina i uhi ʻia; colloid hina hina - 35% hoʻopolo (sulfaride) (40-100 g no 10 lita o ka wai i ka ʻāina i pale ʻia); lepo hina (300 g no 100 m²); disubstituted sodium phosphate (50 g no 10 l o ka wai); isophene, 10% ke. a he 10% s. kumuhana (60 g no 10 l ka wai i ka ʻāina i uhi ʻia);
me ka maʻi koʻikoʻi, ua ʻoki a hōʻoki lākou i nā lau a i ʻole hamo i nā lau me ka lepo lepo (hoʻopili ʻia ka huaheu me ka hulu hipa i nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia);
ka hoʻoulu ʻia me ka mullein infusion (1 kg o mullein i ninini ʻia me 3 l o ka wai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no 3 mau lā, a laila kānana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 1 l o ka infusion i 3 l o ka wai);
ka pōkō ahiahi o ka hoʻōla o ka hehi (1 kg o ka mauʻu pala i hoʻokahe ʻia i 3 l wai no 3 mau lā, a laila kānana a hoʻoilo ʻia me ka wai 3 mau manawa) a ʻike ʻia kahi pōpō pau, hahai ʻia e ka hana ma hope o 7-9 lā;
ka holoi piha ʻana i nā hua i mālama ʻia me ka wai mahana mai nā koena i nā mea kanu ma ka papa o nā kukama;
ululāʻau o nā ʻano kūpaʻa me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli (Altai ma mua 166, Hāpai Hoʻomaka 100, ʻĀpilikia, a pēlā aku).

Keokeo keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka kumu kumu a me ka maʻi ka maʻi kahi e pili ai i nā aʻa, ka lalo o nā hua, nā petioles a me nā hua. ʻO nā pepa palaka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao i loaʻa i ka mea kanu, ma luna o nā pala ʻeleʻele e kū mai ana. ʻO nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka huaʻai e palupalu a me ka mucilage, maloʻo ka mea kanu, a laila e make. Hoʻopilikia koke ʻo Zelentsy i kahi pilina me kahi maʻi maʻi o kahi lāʻau. Me ka ulu ikaika o ka maʻi, e hōʻemi pono ana ka hua o nā kukama (zelenets).

Hoʻomohana ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi e ka mahana o ka haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka nunui o nā kanu kanu, ʻano kanu ʻole o nā lau maʻi a me nā lau make. I ka wā ulu, e lilo nā mea kanu i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou ma o ka peka a me ka pōpilikia me ka hapa o ka mycelium. Mālama ʻia ka kumu kumu o ka maʻi i ka lepo. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka maʻi i ka pālea, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā kukama ma hope o ka pāhulu me ka ʻole e hoʻololi a hoʻohemo ʻole i ka lepo, ʻo ka mea hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāu i loko. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hōʻeha nui i ka kukama i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wahi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma kahi kukama. © Makani

Ke ana ʻaina keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo

ke loli ʻana o nā hua ʻai i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā hale;
ka ʻeli ʻana me kahi ʻāpana hulu a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o ke koʻokoʻo me nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i ʻike ʻia, i ukali ʻia e ka lepo me ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka ʻala; ke oki nei i ka maʻi maʻi me ka hopu ʻana i kahi mahele o ke olakino;
ke ahiahi wai e kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka wai mahana;
ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lole o ka foliar top (1 g o zinc sulfate, 2 g o ke keleawe keleawe a me 10 g o urea i 10 l o ka wai);
hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala āpau me kahi papa ʻāina 2-3 cm o luna;
ka ho'ēmi ʻana o ka ea hau ma ka home me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā manawa mai i mea e pani ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi;
kanu ʻana o nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa i ka maʻi (Harvest 86) a me ke kūleʻa ʻana (Intolerant 40).

Grey pala

ʻO ka ʻupena, ka mea kumu kumu o ka maʻi, nā parasitizes i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pua, ovaries, a me ka peduncles o ka kukama. Ma ke kau maloʻo, huli ke kino i hoʻopili ʻia a make, a ma ke ʻano mākū, ua ʻike ʻia kahi uhi hina hina na lākou, nā mucilages kiko. Nā puka ʻeleʻele (sclerotia) ma ka ʻaoʻao i hoʻopili. Holo koke ʻo Rot. ʻO nā pīpī a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi aʻe e hoʻoneʻe i nā pua spungal mai nā pua maʻi i nā poʻe olakino i ka manawa ulu, e hōʻino ana i ka nui o nā mea kanu hou aʻe. Hoʻopili maoli nā mea kanu i nā hopena hua. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻōpiopio i nā koena o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia, pinepine ma nā kumu kuala.

Hoʻopili ka hina ma kahi kōka. © hortomallas

Hoʻokomo i ke kaua ʻana i ka pala hina

ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka kukama i kona wahi i hala ma 2-3 mau makahiki;
ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lepo i pāpā ʻia i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
ka hoʻōlaʻa me ka maniua fosfor;
ka manawa hiki i ka lau ʻana i nā pua a me nā pā i hele ʻia;
Ke kōpū ʻana o ka lepo.

ʻAno ʻaila

ʻO kahi maʻi paʻakikī i loaʻa mai i nā kūlana ulu maikaʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali i nā mea kanu a laila e kōkua i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā fungi lepo lapaʻau iā lākou. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapanui ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, nā māla o ka mea kanu, ka liʻiliʻi o nā lau, ko lākou kala melemele, hāʻule i ka ovaries a me nā huaʻai make, a i kekahi manawa o ka make o ka mea kanu. E uliuli ke kumu o ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia, e maloʻo, macerate; ma nā pakiaka nui, ʻike ʻia nā wahi uliuli ulu ʻole.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻopuni ka lesion a puni ka ʻāʻī aʻa (cervical rot) a, e alakaʻi ai i ka make o ka ea o ka mea kanu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pakiaka ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu kukuna a hiki ke lilo i kahi maʻi maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa pinepine ka pakiaka i ka ulu mua o nā kukama. Hoʻopau ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka lepo, e kanu ana i nā mea kanu me ka wai anuanu (9 ... 11 ° C) i hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻano o ke kumu o ka kukala: nāwaliwali ia, e hoʻomoʻi, a ma hope nā fungi lepo e kau ana ma luna, kahi e luku ai ia. Hoʻoulu ka hakahaka o ka ʻāina i ka mahana o ka lepo, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā aʻa inā i hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻāina i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia iā lākou e hoʻonui i ka ʻalaʻū o nā mea kanu i ke aʻa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumu kumu o ka maʻi i nā koena o ka wā hōʻiliʻili.

Hoʻopau i nā aʻa ma kahi pua. © tccdiagnostic

Ke ana e pale aku ai i ka pala pala

ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kāwili ʻana o ka lepo soddy hou a me ka humus no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka kukama me ka hoʻohui o ka maʻa maikaʻi a ʻāwalu;
e hoʻoulu ai i nā mea kanu me ka wai ma ka mahana ma kahi o 20 ° C;
mālama i ka lepo lepo maʻamau (me ka ʻole o ka overmoistening), a me ka mahana o ka lepo i ka manawa holo nui o nā kukama 20 ... 25 ° C;
i ka wā e puka mai ai nā hōʻailona mua o ke aʻa e hoʻohui, e hoʻohui ana i ka honua i nā aʻae e hoʻopili hou i mau aʻa;
lawe ana i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā mea kanu - ua hoʻohiolo ʻia ka lāʻau ma luna o ka lepo a ua ninini ʻia kahi lepo hou ma luna ona, e uhi wale i ka ʻū; ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā aʻa hou (ma hope o 10-15 mau lā), hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo hou; ʻike pū i nā ana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.

Pau nā hua ʻili

ʻO kahi maʻi ākea o ka kukama i nā hale liʻiliʻi a me nā pā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.ʻŪhā - nā kumu kumu kumu o kēia maʻi - ʻike wale ʻia nā mea kanu nāwaliwali. ʻO ka maʻi ka hopena o ka lūlū hua i ke anuanu, pālahalaha lepo i ka wā anuanu. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻia e ka maʻi hoʻomohala e nā kulekele ulu maikaʻi (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana o ka ʻāina ma muli o ka lō ʻana o ka lepo, hoʻohāinu ʻia me ka wai anuanu). I kēia hihia, nāwaliwali, maloʻo lōkuhi i nā mea kanu e hiki ke maʻalahi e ka maʻi kino e nā fungi lepo. I loko o nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia, hoʻopili mua ʻia ka ʻāʻī a me nā aʻa, cotyledons a me nā lau ʻōpio, a laila ua ʻāwili ʻia ke kumu, e alakaʻi ana i ka make o ka mea kanu.

Meo e pale aku ai i nā hua pala

ka pae ʻana o nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea kanu (maikaʻi maikaʻi ka lepo, ka ʻāina lepo he 20 ... 26 ° C);
ka huhū me ka wai inu (akā ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 20 ° C);
i nā lā me ka lā anuanu, e kau ana i ka kahe ʻana o nā kukama i ka haʻalele ʻole i ka waterlogging o ka lepo, ʻoiai ka pōkole (no kekahi mau lā) hopohopo he wai;
ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻōpala tur no nā mea kanu ulu.

Palapala Malu

ʻO nā kumu kumu o ka maʻi like ʻole o nā ʻano fungi lepo. Hoʻopilikiaʻia nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokomo nā ʻūhini i ke kaona kumu o nā mea kanu mai ka lepo a ulu i loko o kona alakaʻi ʻana i nā moku. Ma muli o kēia, ua maloʻo nā cotyledons i nā hua i pā ʻia, ʻo ka hapa lalo o ka mea e pau ai ka make, a me ka make nui o nā hua ʻai e hele pinepine ai ke aʻa a maloʻo paha. ʻO ka make o nā mea kanu ma mua o ko lākou nānā ʻana i ka ʻāina. He nui ka maʻi ʻole ka maʻi.

Me ka pohō o nā mea kanu ulu piha, ʻo ia nā wēlau o ka lulima.

Ma nā kihi o nā lau, ʻoi aku ka papa lalo, nā wahi i kau ʻia; lau kiko ma waena o nā veins i make; ka nalowale i nā lau o nā ʻāpana luna, lilo i chlorotic. A laila e emi iki ka mea kanu. Ma ka ʻāpana helehele o ke kumu o kahi mea maʻi maʻi, ʻike maoli ʻia ka vasodilatation. I kekahi manawa ma ke kumu o ke kūleʻa e hiki ke loaʻa kahi keʻokeʻo fluffy keʻokeʻo o ka mycelium. Ua aʻoki ka aʻa a me ka aʻa aʻa, hina ka mea kanu. I nā makahiki maloʻo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike ikaika loa o ka maʻi, i loko o kekahi mau lā e hiki ke make nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, ua hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻololi i nā paukena ʻē aʻe (mauʻu, squash, squash).

Fusarium ma kahi kōlehu. © seminis-us

ʻO nā mea makemake wailū

ʻĀina hoʻōla;
ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lepo i pāpā ʻia i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho i nā mea kanu i ka wā ulu e hiki ai ke hoʻopili i nā aʻa hou.

Ascochitosis

ʻO ka kumu kumu kumu o ka maʻi ka maʻi kahi e hoʻopaʻa nui ai i nā mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. Hele mai ka maʻi ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi i ka hope a me nā lau; Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi ma ka nuku o ka piko, ma nā pahu kīpē piha ʻole o nā lau a i ʻole nā lālā pua, a laila e pālahalaha a piʻi i lalo. Loaʻa nā wahi hina me nā poli ʻeleʻele he nui i nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia.

I ka wā o ka nui o ka hua o ka pala, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka pōʻino o ka lau. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia nā maʻi lau me nā haʻahaʻa, ʻo nā mea nāwaliwali loa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā mālamalama. Hoʻomaka ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau mai ke kaʻe i loko o ke ʻano o nā wahi nui chlorotic me ka nui o nā pīpī pulu ʻeleʻele. Pau nā lau i ka malo o ka mea kanu.

Hoʻomaka ka lanakila o ka hua mai ke kumu. Hōʻalo nā hua ʻeha i kā lākou mau waiwai kūʻai: mua e maloʻo iā lākou, a laila huli i ka uliuli a decompose.

Māhuahua ʻia ka palahalaha o ka ascochitosis e nā loli koʻikoʻi i ka lā a me ka pō, me ka nui o ka ea a me ka lepo, a me ka lāʻau ākea hoʻi.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi, a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka lepo ma nā lepo lepo, hoʻopili ʻia me ka manure i loaʻa i nā puʻu o nā mea kanu lepo.

Ascochitosis o kukama. © Helio Antonio

Na Mawea Keokeo o Ascochitosis

ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka lepo i pāpā ʻia i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
i ka wā e ulu ana nā mea kanu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai nui a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea i make i nā mea i make;
lūlū a lepo paha paha o nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia o ka lāʻau me ka paukika keleawe-ʻalapona (kahi 1: 1 hui o ka keleawe o ka huehina a me ka ʻulaʻula) a i ʻole kulu ʻia i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka pā i hoʻopulipula a pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi;
i ka wā e hoʻoili ai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i nā koena o nā mea kanu.

Kāleka, a i ʻole ka ʻohi ʻoliva ai, a i ʻole cladosporiosiosis o ke kōkō

ʻO kahi maʻi huhū e kū mai ana i nā wā liʻiliʻi o ka pō a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ea kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo unheated a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi i loaʻa nā loli nui i ka mahana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai hoʻōla. I ka mua, hoʻokahi, a laila lehulehu, mau poloka brownish nā ʻūhuna ma nā lau me kahi kikowaena laka a he palena māmā a puni ka wahi. He ʻokoʻa kēia maʻi mai ka anthracnose a me ka maʻi bacteriosis. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka maʻi i ka pono i loko o nā hua, ke kumu, nā petioles i ke ʻano o nā wahi wai liʻiliʻi e ulu wikiwiki; ʻā ʻia ke paʻu, a ʻike nā hiula gelatinous ma ka ʻili. A laila e uhi ʻia nā ʻili me ka popa velvetyʻeleʻele, ulia puka. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi maʻi i nā hua kanu ma hope o ka ʻāina.

No nā mea e pale ai i ka brown, a i ʻole ka lāʻau olakino, a i ʻole cladosporiosiosis

ʻĀina hoʻōla;
hoʻemi ʻia ka ea e ka lewa;
inā aia he mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma mua o ka hua ʻana, ka pīpī ʻana me ka kāwili ʻana ʻo 1% Bordeaux (100 g ka vitriol me ka hoʻohui o 100 g o ka lime i ka 10 l o ka wai) a i ʻole cloroxide keleawe (40 g no 10 l ka wai) ma ka nui o ka 0.5 l o ka hopena i ka 10 m²;
ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i ke koena o ka hōʻiliʻili hua ʻana.

Hōʻulu maloʻo

ʻO ka maʻi ka mea ʻalā. Hōʻike ʻia ka Downy mildew i nā mea kanu mai ka manawa e ulu ai lākou i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ia e nānā wale ma nā kukama, akā, aia ma kahi mauki. Hōʻike nā ʻala aniani a i ʻole nā kihi ʻulaʻula i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lau, kahi e pili ai i ka kulu hina-violet (mycelium o ke pathogen) ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka lau. Me kahi hoʻomake ikaika o ka maʻi, maloʻo nā lau, nāwaliwali nā mea kanu a hāʻawi i kahi hua haʻahaʻa o nā hua.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi ma nā wahi kanu mea kanu lūlū, mai ka mea i hoʻoili ʻia i nā mea kanu olakino i ka makahiki aʻe.

Hōʻailona lewa iki

ʻĀina hoʻōla;
i ka wā e ʻike mua ʻia ai nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, e hoʻōki ana me ke keleawe oxychloride, 90% s. kumuhana (40 g no 10 l ka wai) a i ʻole ke kāwili pū o Bordeaux (100 g o ke keleawe keleawe a me 100 g ka lime i ka 10 l o ka wai ma ka wikiwiki o 0.4-0.5 l no 10 m²).

Maʻi ʻā

Hōʻike ka maʻi ʻuhū ma loko o ka Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod, Vologda mau wahi o ka ʻākau komohana ma ka wā e ulu nei i nā kukama i nā hale kīwī a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, ma nā wai wai i lalo o nā papa lāʻau o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua kūwili ʻia ke kino o nā mea ulu o ke kūpaʻa, me ke ʻano he melemele mānoanoa. Inā hoʻokomo ia i kahi mea kanu, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i nā kumu lāʻau, petioles, lau, nā hua. Me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike o ka maʻi, kahi outgrowth (fruiting body of the fungus) i hana mua ʻia ma ka ʻōpala pili. Ma luna o ka ulu o ka mea i lohi ʻia i kahi leo māmā ma mua o kona kikowaena waena, ka mea nona nā aniani brown spore mass. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu a make. Hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi e nā pepeke a ke mālama nei i nā mea kanu.

ʻO nā Hana Mucus e Ana

ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā ulu kūloko;
ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kiko o nā mea kanu kukuna ma nā wahi e hoʻopōʻino ai me ka hopena o 1% o ka keleawe keleawe (10 g ma 1 lita o ka wai).

ʻO Bacteriosis, a i ʻole ke kala ʻana o ka maka

ʻO ka mea kumu kumu o ka maʻi he bakium. Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi i loko o nā kukama i loko o nā hale liʻiliʻi a me nā pā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi. I ka ua a me ka mahana wela, hōʻike ka maʻi mai ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, pili i ka cotyledons, nā lau maoli, nā pua a me nā hua. Hōʻike nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo kukui ma nā cotyledons, nā pakanemoli ʻili i kū mai ma luna o nā lau, e kupu ʻomaʻomaʻo iki a maloʻo. Holo aku ka lapalapa i hoʻopā ʻia. I nā lāʻau, nā petioles, nā huaʻai, nā wahi ʻaila, hoʻomaloʻo i ka ʻōpala. Hōʻalo nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia, maikaʻi loa ko lākou maikaʻi. Ma nā ʻaoʻao i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka exudate - nā puʻupuʻu adhesive o kahi kaila melemele melemele. I ka wā e maloʻo ai, hoʻohuli ʻia kēlā mau hiʻona i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Inā pae nā pathogens o ka pūpū palupalu i ka ʻeha, a laila nā pūpiki a pau loa.

Hoʻonui ka nui o ka ea a me ka ea, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā ua a me nā hau i nā mea kanu e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala a me ka laha o ka maʻi. E hoʻomoʻi pinepine ʻo Bacteria i ke koena o ka hua kanu hōʻiliʻili a me ka make o ka lepo. Hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi e ke koena o ka hōʻiliʻili hua hōʻiliʻili.

ʻO ka maʻi Bacteriosis - kahi maʻi ākea o ka kukama, e hoʻohewa ai i ka make o nā hua pua, hoʻoemi i ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hema i ke ʻano o ka hua.

Ke ana me ka pale ʻana i ka bacteriosis, a i ʻole ka puli manuahi

hōʻili ʻia ka hua ʻana (e pono ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i nā kukama i ko lākou wahi i hana mua ʻia ma mua o 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope aku);
ke pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu inā puka nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ma ka lau cotyledon me kahi 1% Bordeaux hui (50 g o ke keleawe keleawe me ka hoʻohui o 50 g o ka lime i 5 l o ka wai), ka mālama lua ʻana - inā ʻike nā pala ma nā lau maoli, a laila i kēlā me kēia lā 10-12 ka palena o ka hana hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai 4-5 4-5 no 100 m² a i ole keleawe klorida (40 g no 10 l o ka wai) ma ka awē o 0.4-0,5 l no 10 m² (ua hoʻopau me ka hui ʻana o ka Bordeaux he 15 mau lā ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana);
ka hemo ʻana i ka pūnaewele a me ke kanu ʻana i nā hua maʻi i kā lākou pīpī ʻana me ka palapala;
i ka wā hoʻopau a me ka luku ʻana nā mea kanu āpau.

ʻO kahi mea kalalena ʻōlima

ʻO ka mālamalama kumu kumu o ka maʻi he mai kōpaʻa. I nā hale nui a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi maʻamau maʻamau (maʻamau) a me ka moʻo uliuli. I kekahi manawa aia kekahi poina o nā mea kukala me kahi moena keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino o ka mea kanu e nā lau ʻōpio i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ke hoʻololi ʻana. ʻIke ʻia kahi kala kala e ka lā - he hakahaka o nā kukui melemele a me kaʻula. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā mea kanu, pōkole nā internode, liʻiliʻi nā lau, ʻeli a huli pono a maloʻo. Hōʻulu ke kāwele a lilo i kukui. Me kahi maʻi i hala hope aku, ʻike ʻia nā lau haʻahaʻa, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao o luna ke lilo i mosaic, melemele a me nā vitreous lashes i ʻike ʻia. Me ka pohō koʻikoʻi, maloʻo a maloʻo ia i ka make o ka lāʻau āpau e kū mai. Ua hoʻohālikelike nā hua, lilo ko lākou ʻaoʻao me ka tuberous me kahi ʻano moena mosaic. ʻO ka mosaʻō Cucumber kekahi o nā maʻi nui loa e pili ana i ka hua palaoa.

He mosaic ʻōmaʻomaʻo wale nō nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma nā lau aia kahi kala mosaic - kahi koho o kahi kalaʻeleʻele a me kaʻulaʻula māmā. A laila ʻuwala nā lau me nā kūaloka vesicular. Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu, lilo ke kumu mosaic i nā lau i ʻike ʻole ʻia.

Hōʻalo ʻia nā mea kanu Mose, hoʻokaumaha, ka nui o nā pua wahine a me nā hua. Hoʻololi ka huaʻa i nā lehelee i nānā ʻia a loaʻa paha kahi kala mosaic melemele-maʻamau (ʻoi aku ka hemahema o kēia hōʻailona).

Nā moʻo keʻokeʻo ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia i nā lau e ulu a nā lālā ʻōpiopio, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai, a me nā hiohiona hōkū i ke ʻano, e hui pū ana, a ʻoliʻoli ka lau holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu kukala, ua liʻiliʻi nā lau. ʻO nā huaʻai i nā poli i hōʻeha ʻia, he liʻiliʻi, ke keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo, pinepine me nā tuberous outgrowths. Māhuahua ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mosaic keʻokeʻo e nā loli nui i ka ea a me ka mahana o ka ʻāina i ka pō a me ke ao. Lawe ʻia nā maʻi mai ka wai mai kahi mea maʻi mai kahi mea ola a mālama pono ʻia ia. Kau lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā lepo kanu a hoʻouna ʻia i nā kukama i nā aphids, ʻoi loa ia he melons a me nā pīkī. ʻO nā huaʻehā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai nā mea kanu i loaʻa ai ke kumu no ka hoʻopilikia ʻia.

ʻO nā hana e pale i ka mosaic viral o ka kukama

līpū me nā hua i loaʻa mai nā mea kanu olakino (ʻoi aku paha kahi ola ma mua o 2 mau makahiki a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana, me ka mālama ʻana i nā wā lōʻihi, ʻaʻole pono nā hua i ka pā);
loli ma ka makahiki o ke kanu ʻana i ka kukama a me ka ʻōpala i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā pā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi;
ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nāhelehele kahi e hoʻomau ai ka maʻi;
ka wehe ʻana i ka mea mua i ʻike ʻia e maʻi maʻi ʻeha, ikaika nui hoʻi;
ke pale aku i nā kukama e pepehi i nā aphids - lawe i nā mea maʻi virus - infusion o nā ʻeneka sibs (200 g no 10 lita o ka wai);
hoʻohana no ka garter twine hou;
disimp ka ʻaila kīhāpai ma kahi ʻōnaehana 5% o ka potassium permanganate (50 g no 1 lita o ka wai) ma ka holoi ʻana a i ʻole ka leʻa ʻana i kahi hāleʻa no nā minuke 10-15;
ka wehe ʻana o nā lewa wela ma ka hale o ka ʻāina i pale ʻia;
e hoʻoulu ana i nā mea kanu me ka wai mahana;
ka kanu ʻana o ka kūpaʻa (Vanguard, Nezhinsky 12) a i ʻole ka palupalu mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe (Far Eastern 27);
ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā koena o ka wā lohi.

Mea i hoʻohana ʻia: