Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka paukena ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa he ʻano mea kanu maikaʻi. Hoʻopili maʻalahi nā kukuna mai loko o ka paukena, loaʻa nā mea pono e pono ai ke kino a he kūpono loa. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻikena e hoʻohui i ka paukena i nā ʻuala, hana i ka wai momona a i ʻole ka ʻulu no ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike nā māla me nā mea kū like ʻole e hui pū ʻia ma lalo o kekahi inoa.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ulu nā mea kanu wale nō i nā mea ʻano like ʻole, akā, he kumu ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
Kakau ʻana o nā ʻano paukena
ʻO ka hua manu Cucurbita, e hoʻohui pū ana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻōpala, he 18 mau mea nui, ʻo ka hapa nui he nui no ka culinary, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau huaʻai, mea kanu a me nā mea kanu.
ʻO ke kikowaena kumu mua a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau kanu lāʻau ʻo Central a me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i kamaʻāina ai kēia mau lāʻau a hoʻohana ʻia e nā poʻe o ka wā kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, hele mai kekahi mau subspecies mai ka ʻĀsia Asia a me ʻApelika. I kēia manawa, mahalo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāina a me nā konupepa, ua loaʻa i nā māla lāʻau nā ʻano like ʻole āpau, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ho'āʻo e ulu i nā mea kanu maʻamau ʻaʻole i pili i kāu pūnaewele.
A ʻo ka mea kaulana loa i ka honua o nā ʻano moʻomeheu o nā kumuʻai e komo ai:
- pākana nui-fruited aiʻole Cucurbita maxima;
- kalapu paʻakikī a i ʻole pepera Cucurbita;
- nutmeg squash a Cucurbita moschata.
I ka manawa like, ʻelua mauʻu, ʻo ia ka ʻuala nui a maloʻo ka ʻuala i ulu no ka hānai holoholona.
ʻO kekahi o nā subspecies nui-fruited ka paukena i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi ma kahi kūlana maikaʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā pāpale Turki a ulu i like me ka moʻomeheu kuʻuna. Akā ʻo ka mea i aloha ʻia e ka zucchini a me ka squash, ʻoiai ua ʻai ʻia lākou i ke ʻano o nā greens, nona ka ʻōkō a nona nā huaʻala Cucurbita pepo.
Me ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā waiwai, nā mea kanu hua lāʻau a me nā ʻano, e like me ka kiʻi, he nui nā kūʻokoʻa i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana o nā lāʻau a me nā huaʻai, pū hoʻi i ko lākou ʻano.
Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻōpala, a laila i loko o ka mauʻu lapalapa nui, e huli lākou a kokoke i ke kaʻa kū aʻe, a me ka ʻāʻili paʻakikī me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike maoli.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea kanu i pili i nā ʻano Cucurbita maxima e nā ʻāpana lau lauwili nui, aʻo ka ʻōpala nutmeg, he mākaʻikaʻi i loko o ke kikowaena ʻike ma nā lau. A ua uhi ʻia ka lau o ka ʻōpala paʻakikī ʻoi aʻe me ka puʻu ʻili.
- ʻO nā hua hua pākaha paʻakikī a me nā pā nui i loaʻa i ka ʻano pāpaʻi a i ʻole ke ʻano a elongated paha, a aia nā hua ma waena o ka hua i loko o nā ʻāpana nunui.
- I loko o kahi maukāʻau puhala, i noho ka ʻiʻo nui i ka laulā o ka nui o ka hua, a he nui nā hua liʻiliʻi, a kokoke lākou i ka nui o ka ulu.
Kūkulu ʻia ma Rūsia a ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua i loko o kahi ākea he ala piʻi a lāʻau paha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka subgroup o nā paukena o nā lāʻau mauʻu, e like me ka kiʻi, ua loaʻa ka zucchini, zucchini, a me ka squash, ʻoki ʻia mai kahi mea kanu i nā makahiki 6-14.
No laila pehea kēia a i ʻole kēlā ʻano pākaha maikaʻi no ka? He aha kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona? No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻano like a pau e kōkua i nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻi a me nā ʻano like o nā paukena.
Lōkana nui pākahi (Cucurbita maxima)
Ua ʻōlelo nona ka inoa o kēia ʻano pākī nona iho.
Hoʻohana kaulana nā ʻano pākui nui i loko o nā mea kanu i ka honua a puni, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā kope maikaʻi loa loa i nā kūlana o kahi kauwela wela. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka paona o nā paukena he mau haneli kilekileka, a hōʻiliʻili nā hua gourmet a i ka 15% gula.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ʻo Cucurbita maxima i ka palahalaha loa i ka pālo ʻana i kona ʻāina, Peru, a ʻo hoʻi me nā wahi kūkulu hema o USA, Bolivia a me India, kahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaiāulu. ʻO ka mahalo, ʻo nā pākahu nui-fruited, ʻo ia nō nā ʻano like like, pīhoihoi i kā lākou ʻano, nā kala a me nā nui. Me nā mea kanu ulu, aia nā keranika e hāʻawi i nā hua momona maikaʻi loa, e like me ka paukana ʻōmua i haʻi ʻia, i ke kiʻi.
ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi kaulana o nā ʻano nui i loko o nā moena Rūkia i hiki ke kapa ʻia ia mau ʻano like ʻia me ka paukena "Hundred pound", kahi i loko o ke kiʻi e ulu wale ana i ka 10-15 kg ma ka ʻaoʻao waena, a ma nā wahi mahana e ʻoliʻoli nā poʻe kau kauwela me nā hua o 35-50 kg. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka paukena kalai ma kahi ʻona ʻona mānoanoa, ka pulima melemele-kaomi a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu.
Ma waena o nā mea e paʻi ʻia ai nā pākōkō o nā pālapa o nā ʻano "Titan" a me "Merchant", ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia i ka māla ʻana i nā makahiki he nui.
Akā ʻo ka huaʻai "makuahineʻa" ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou i loko o nā māla lāʻau, akā ua hoʻonohonoho paʻa iā ia iho he hua kanu nui e hoʻopuka ana i nā huaʻai a hiki i ka 20 kg. ʻO ka pulpana o kēlā mau paukena e waiwai i ka carotene, he ʻono maikaʻi a ʻaʻole ia e nalo i ka maikaʻi i ka wā o ka mālama lōʻihi.
Poki Lulu (Cucurbita Rero)
ʻO kēia ʻano ulu lāʻau ulu pōloli i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻohana India o Central America a ua lilo i lilo i mea kaulana loa, inā ʻaʻole kolo, nā mea kanu ma nā wahi.
Kūkulu ʻia kahi mea kanu lāʻau i kēia makahiki, i kēia lā i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano he ʻumi a me nā ʻano like ʻole, i ulu ʻia ma nā wahi a pau mai ke kūkulu hema o Mexico a hiki i nā wahi waena o ʻAmelika. I ka moʻomeheu he puʻu pū nō hoʻi a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, a ʻo kekahi hapa o nā subspecies he mau paukika pale, e like me ka kiʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonani i ka māla a me loko.
ʻO Cucurbita pepo, ma keʻano he ʻano like ʻole, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa, ma waena o ia: mauʻano pala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, zucchini a squash.
ʻO ka paukena ʻomaʻomaʻo ka mea i loaʻa i ka inoa ma muli o ka palaki poʻokela, pohihihi loa o ka ʻili, loaʻa ka ikaika e like me ka lau o nā hua. ʻO kēia ka hua mua ma ka māla Lūkia, akā pono ka poʻe aloha pākahi e noʻonoʻo pono i ka pulpula o nā hua o kēia ʻano ʻano, no laila e koho pono ʻoe i nā ʻano ʻano no ka kanu ʻana. I kēia mau lā, hāʻawi ʻia nā kamaʻāina o ke kauwela i nā ʻano hoihoi a me nā ʻano pākahi, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea kanu like ʻole o ke ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO ka paukena o ka wīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwī o ke ʻano o ka "Spaghetti" huaʻa i 65-80 mau lā a i ka wā ulu nui hoʻi ka mea kanu i kahi mea kanu lōʻihi me nā hua o kāwele a ʻulaʻala. ʻO ka paona o ka paukena mai 800 a 1,5 kg, akā ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻano like ʻole i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka lāʻau ʻili. He peni momona kahi i haki ʻia i loko o nā fibers pilikino, ke ʻano o ka mea i hāʻawi i ka inoa i nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka ʻala o kēia paukena, i ke kiʻi, ua liʻiliʻi, akā aloha ka mea like me nā mea loea a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai maikaʻi no ka manawa kūpono e ʻoliʻoli ai i ka lau ʻala ʻo "pasta".
ʻO kā Amazon kahi ʻōmole kalaiwa mua a ʻo kā lākou kumu waiwai nui i māhele ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi e kaupaona ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilokilo. ʻO ka wai pulake i kākela o ka paukena he momona i ke kō, a me ka kaleta, ka waiwai no ka pēpē a me ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻano huahana i nā lāʻau ʻoi lāʻau me nā mea huluhulu pōkole.
Pono ka gymnosperm kalaiʻi nui i nā mea nānā o ka māla. He ʻano waena kēia mea, e hoʻokumu ai i nā mea kanu me nā pūkana ikaika a hiki i ka 5 mika lōʻihi. ʻO ka paona o hoʻokahi pākeke he 3-5 kg, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo kupa, ʻōmole.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻomeheu he mau huaʻaila aʻa aila ʻole me ka aila ʻole paʻakikī. ʻO ka palaʻai i loko o ke kiʻi he unpretentious, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama no ka manawa lōʻihi ma muli o ka pakena o ka uluʻana o ka hua i loko o ka hua.
ʻO ka ʻano like ʻole o ka paukū mākaʻi "Smile" maʻalahi e hoʻomanawanui i ka hau, ua ʻohi ʻia a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu o nā hua ʻono me nā momona pulp e like me ka melon maoli.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā ʻano pākōhulu puaʻa nā squash a squash i ulu i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, me ke ʻano ʻūlani pū kekahi i kēia lā me nā hua o nā aniani āpau a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Pane paumeli (Cucurbita moschata)
Hiki i ke kime Muscat ke kapa ʻoluʻolu i ka nui o nā mea kanu a pau. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā mea i loaʻa i ka huaʻina o kēia moʻomeheu i loaʻa e nā kaola ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kamaʻāina kahiko ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona morphological, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka nānā ʻana o nā hua lāʻau, nā lau a me nā pua, ua noho i kēia ʻano paukena he wahi waena ma waena o Cucurbita maxima a me Cucurbita pepo. Akā ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻula o nā hua i loko o ka nānā a me ka ʻono, no ka mea ma ka awelika ua ʻike ʻo ia a hiki i ka 11,5% gula, paluwī, aʻaʻai a a me ka momona ʻoluʻolu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka uluʻana i nā hua o ka paukika nutmeg ma mua o ka nui-fruited a paʻakikī paha. Ke koi nui nā mea kanu i ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa, a me nā pahu pākolo i waena waena a i ka hopena paha. I ka honua a ʻeono mau subspecies o mau pala pala. Akā ʻo ka mea kaulana nui, nā paukena pāpaʻi, ma muli o ka hoʻonoina a me ka hana o ka pulp i kapa ʻia "butternut" - ʻōmū momi.
No nā poʻe noho o Rūsia ma nā kauwela, hāʻawi nā mea hihiu me nā ʻano pākolu like ʻole o kēia ʻanoʻano, e lawe mai ana i nā hua momona a maikaʻi i nā lā 90-120.
Kūkulu mua nā ʻano hua loko o ka pala "Sugar Mace" e piʻi i nā mea kanu i kahi 8 mau hua kaupaona mai ka hapa a hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha kilokilo ke hiki i ka manawa like.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻano like o ka paukena, e like me ke kiʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻano like ʻole o ka hua, a ʻo ko lākou ulu ʻana i kēia manawa koke. ʻO ka peni momona a me nā wai momona, momona i ka carotene, mau huaora a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā waiʻaina, nā pēpē pēpē a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka lawehala.
E hoʻomaka a ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka paukena "Pearl". ʻO nā hua i loko o kēia hihia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka paukā nāpa pā a hiki i ka 3-6 kg ke kaumaha. ʻO ka pulpika'ōpiopio kīnā he nui o nā kōkō a me ka kaloti, kahi kūpono iā ia no ka pēpē a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hāpai nā mea kanu i nā manawa maloʻo loa, a hiki i nā hua ke hala i loko o nā kūlana o ka lumi.
ʻO ka paukō "Pineapple" he lōkō ma waena o ka manawa waena me ka lōʻihi o ka puʻupuʻu a me nā hua leʻaleʻa pepa e pāpaʻi ana a hiki i 2.5 kg. ʻO ka ʻili o nā paukena o kēia ʻano, e like me ke kiʻi, me ka ʻoni a i ʻole ka melemele paha, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo ke hōʻiliʻili a hiki i ka 10% gula. ʻO ka pauka pala pala e huikala a pale aku i ka maʻi.
Pahu Haunani (Cucurbita ficifolia)
Ma ka nahele ʻo Peruvian ka ʻāina a me kekahi ʻano kākala, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole like me nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia, he moʻomeheu ia.
ʻO waho, kahi pōkā uliuli, ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi ʻōniʻokeʻo keokeo i ʻike iki ʻia, i like ka aniani me ka ʻono wai ʻole ma kahi ʻoki. ʻO ka hua oval a i ʻole elongated o ka lau kalo lau he laupaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻele paha hoʻi me ka ʻono momona a me nā momona. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻenehana i nā waiʻuono i ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Kūleʻa nā mea kanu, piʻi, piʻi i nā wana kū hoʻokahi i ka lōʻihi o 10 mau mika.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēia ʻano ma nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao, nā mea mālama ʻia i ke ʻano wela, a ʻo nā mea pākeke ka mea pono no ka confectionery a me nā mea inu wai ʻaka. ʻOiai ke ʻano kai mai ʻōlea, ʻo kēia ʻano ʻōpala, e like me ke kiʻi, hiki ke ulu iki ʻia i ʻĀkaukau-Komohana o ka ʻāina.
Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)
ʻO Elongated mau kīʻaha mākeke o kēia ʻano ʻōiwi i ʻike mua ʻia ma ka hema. Akā i kēia lā, ua puka mua nā ʻano hua ʻōpala mua loa o ka ʻano genus Benincasa hispida ma Rūsia. ʻO nā hua o kahi pā uliuli uliuli he ʻano pohala koʻikoʻi, i ka pā ʻana e like me ka kaila.
Hoʻoulu ʻia nā ʻano kohu huaila Chengzhou i nā hua i mākaukau e hōʻiliʻili i nā lā 125-130 ma hope o ka lūlū Hoʻomaʻa i ka paukena i nā puʻupuʻu ikaika. ʻO ka paona o kēlā me kēia hua i 6-15 kg, a ʻo kona lōʻihi mai 25 a 50 cm.
Hiki i ka pale waiū i ka pulpula o kēia ʻano paukī e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻano kupa, kolo a ʻoki paha. No nā kumulāʻau, hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loaʻa i ka ʻōpala a me nā hua ʻai. Aia i ke aniani, hoʻonui ka ʻōpala i kekahi nui o ke kō, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka palaʻai pala. Akāʻo lōmi gourd kahi mea paʻa pono no ka ola. Ma waho o ka nalowale o ka maikaʻi, hiki i nā hua ke kau mai i 2-3 mau makahiki.
