Sempervivum - kāpeti kāpeti

Ua ʻōlelo ka moʻomeheu kahiko e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ana i nā ʻōpio ʻo Scandinavian ke akua o ka hekili a me ka uila Thor. No laila, i nā makahiki waena, ma ke kauoha a Charlemagne, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻōpio maikaʻi ma nā hale o nā hale. I ia manawa, manaʻo nui ka poʻe o ia kūlanakauhale e hiki ke pale ʻia i ke ahi uila mai ko lākou mau home i ka wā o ka uila.

ʻŌpioʻAlani Sempervivum, ʻōpio pōhaku rose, rabbit Kāwili.

Mai ka inoa mai nā huaʻōlelo Latin 'semper' - mau loa a me ke 'vivus' - ola, no ka hiki ke hoʻomau i nā ʻāpala lau e hoʻomau a mālama ʻia i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ke ola. Ma Rūsia, ua kapa ʻia kēia mea kanu "pōhaku rose", "rabbit cabbage", "ʻoi" ulu ʻōpiopio ". I ka wā e ulu ai, ua like ka mea ʻōpio i kahi moa pipi i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā moa he nui. Mai laila mai kahi inoa kaulana kaulana loa "English Hens and Chickens" - "māmā hens a me nā moa."

He c:30 ka neʻe ʻana o ka genus i Central, Southern a Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor and Southwest Asia Asia, ka nui o nā pae mauna. Ma Lūkia, ua hele lākou i ka hikina ma Volga. Ua ulu lākou ma ka pōhaku maʻa, nā wahi maʻa, i nā lāʻau paina i ke one. Ua like ka poʻe ʻōpiopio ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka golosnikov mauna. Hoʻoikaika maoli ia i loko o ke ʻano a me ka moʻomeheu. Nui nāʻano ʻano.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo kino, pubescent me nā lauoho glandular, ʻaʻole i emi pinepine - aneane pinepine ke kamaʻilio ʻana, e hana ana i nā mānoanoa lauwila he nui i ka lau o 1-15 cm ka nui a me ka nui o nā stolons e lawe ana i nā rosettes liʻiliʻi o nā lau.. ^ E Ha yM. Kūpili ka pua i ka nui o nā hulu pua me ka pulu liʻiliʻi o ka lauoho, e ʻoki a ʻaʻole i hiki. Monocarpics, i.e. pua hala a make a Kū maikaʻi nā lau, koho, ʻeliʻu a puni, maʻamau ovate a i ʻole oblong, ʻākiki a i ʻole kuhikuhi, ciliate ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā pua ka maʻamau, 8-20-dimensional, bisexual, me ka nui o ke perianth, aneane sessile, a hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma nā coresmbose-paniculate inflorescences, nā lālā kū hoʻokahi o ka monochasias (i.e., inflorescences no nā mea houlima e hoʻomohala ma lalo o nā pua apical o ka axis nui, a laila e ulu nui ana. i ka nui a hāʻawi i nā pua). Kūpono ka huina, hōʻono ʻia ma ka waihona, piha-piha, i uhi pinepine ʻia i nā lauoho puʻupuʻu maʻalahi a he nani paha. ʻO nā petals he lanceolate, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā sepal, e like me ke ʻano o ka hōkū, keokeo, ka melemele, ka melemine-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me ka poni paha ma nā kihi a ma waho. Nā Stamens ʻelua mau manawa e like me nā petals, mai 16 a 40; e kūlike ana i nā ʻōlule ke ulu i nā pae ia lākou, a ʻē aʻe nā petals; nā kapa poli i hoʻoulu ʻia, pālule, a i ʻole e halihali; ʻāʻī oblong ovoid. ʻO nā kūloko nectar he subpesticular, liʻiliʻi, lamellar, solid at the apex. ʻO Gynoecium (i.e., kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā ʻōpū pua pua i kūkulu ʻia i hoʻokahi peahi paha - ʻo nā ʻāpana wahine o ka pua) i manu ʻole ʻia he 8-20 unequal, oblong-ovate, maʻamau glandular, sessile carpels; ʻOi aku ka pōkole iki ma mua o ka ovary, pololei, pale; he liʻiliʻi nā stigmas, capitate. ʻO kahi hua o 8-20 oblong ovoid a i ʻole lanceolate, pubescent me nā lau glandular, nā lau meli he nui.

Pili kekahi mau manaʻoʻai me nā ʻōpio. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, lawe pono ʻia nā mea kanu me ka waina me he antidote. Ua hana nui ʻia ka ʻona a me ka ʻimi kūlohelohe. I ka manawa o ko Prince Vladimir ka lā La wili, ua ʻūhā nā ʻōniʻoniʻo Lūkia i ko lākou mau pāpālina me ka helehelena ʻōpio a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pua. Ua kākau aku ka poeta Farani a me kahi mea halihali Odo mai Mena mai, i noho i ka wā o ke Kereʻa, ʻo ka mea nāna e halihali i kahi wahine ʻōpiopio e pale aku i kahi ʻāʻō. I kāna mele kaulana "Ma nā waiwai o nā mea kanu" he kanakolukumamāono mau laina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka "pōhaku rose" - ʻeono mau laina ma mua o ka rose maoli.

Me ka paʻa mau o kona mau rosette, he ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā ʻula ʻula a me nā lau. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua mua e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ʻōpiopio i ka lā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā i hope loa i ka Middle Ages. Hoʻokomo nā kamaʻāina o ʻElepa makahiki i nā pā hale piha o kā lākou mau hale. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o kēia ma ka inoa o kekahi o nā ʻano - e hoʻōla i nā ʻōpio (Sempervivum tectorum). Ma ke ʻano o kahi pahu ola i hoʻohana i kēia mea kanu ma ʻEnelani.

Haehae

ʻO nā hoihoi i nā waiwai hoʻonani i ulu i ka makahiki ʻumikumamāwalu. I ka manawa like, nā ala kumu i kanu ai i kēia mau mea kanu i hele maikaʻi - nā palena a me nā kālaʻi mai nā ʻōpio ua kū mai i nā māla ʻo Palani. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma nā ʻano mea kanu lāʻau i loko o nā keʻena, hana i nā laina a me nā kiʻi. Kūlike ʻole, ka puʻupuʻu asymmetric ma hope mai, i ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmā. Ma ka manawa like, ua ʻike mua nā kīhāpai pōhaku mua o ʻEulopa, a ua lawe nā ʻōpio i ko lākou wahi paʻa ma laila, ma kahi o nā kuʻuna haʻahaʻa e waiho nei i nā pihi pohō a me nā saxifrages.

I ka hapalua ʻelua o ka makahiki iwakālua, ua lilo nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka mea e nānā pono ai i nā mea ulu pua, a hoʻomaka ʻia ko lākou koho. Ua maʻi a nā poʻe Dutch a me ʻAmelika, nā Alemania a me Pelekane me kēia makemake ʻole i nā manawa like ʻole. ʻO nā mea hoʻokō o nā pōpoki o nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua ukali i kahi ʻano hou no nā ʻano loea o nā mea kanu. Aia ma loko o ʻEulopa he nui nā mākēneki ʻeleʻele polū - mai ka carmineʻeleʻele a kokoke i ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole, he kala ʻulaʻula hohonu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea uliuli ma ke ʻano. Akā i loko o ko mākou'āina, nā Spimens o ka pihi saturated hohonu e ʻike pinepine i kēia manawa. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi loa ka nui o nā ʻano like o nā ʻano wai i kēia lā. Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o ʻehā tausani. He ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o kēia kiʻi ma mua o nā ʻano ʻeono kanaono. No laila hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e kūleʻa ʻo kā ke kanaka makua e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano i loko o kēia hihia. Ke manaʻolana ʻia e lilo koke kēia mau kuʻi o kēia mea kanu i ka poʻe aloha Lūkini.

Nui nā ʻano o nā ʻōpio i mau ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o nā papale. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, kālā, ʻulaʻula, kākele, burgundy, a me kekahi mau ʻano like e hoʻololi i ke kala o nā lau i kū i ka manawa. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻohana nui iā lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lole "ʻulaʻula". ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole i ka wā ke ohi ʻia nā mea kanu, hiki ke koho ʻia i nā hua he nui. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā luaʻi interspecific mai ka nohona kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka ulu maikaʻi

Kahua: Ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia nā pōkā'ōpiopio i ko mākou mau'ōlele, i kekahi mau manawa, ʻūlū, i kēia manawa ka wela, a me ke anuanu. Pēlā ia i kūlohelohe ai i ka moʻomeheu, ʻaʻole pono e koi i nā mea ʻē aʻe e kūʻē ai i ka nui o ka nāu, koe wale nō kahi alawai. ʻO ka mea kūpono loa i ka dampness he pubescent cobweb ʻōpio. ʻO nā ʻano āpau a me nā ʻano like ʻole ka ua i ka hauhā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou e make koke ma luna o ke ulu ʻana aʻe, akā ua kau ʻia, a nalowale lākou i ko lākou ʻano a me ke kala kukui.

Eleele: e hoʻoulu maikaʻi i kekahi lepo kanu, kāohi i ka umu. Akā he maikaʻi ka maloʻo maloʻo, ʻūlū, Inā loaʻa i ka lepo ka nui o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka mea kanu, ʻoiai ke ʻano nui ia o nā rosettes, akā e liʻiliʻi iki ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ko lākou kala ma mua o ka maʻamau, a ʻo lākou wale nō ka pale ʻana i ka overwintering. Pono nā lepo no nā ʻano āpau i kūleʻa a i ʻole ka alkaline paha. Hoʻopili ʻia ke one, ka pālahalaha pālahalaha, hoʻohana ʻia nā kākā granite no ka wehe ʻana.

Landing: kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka mamao o waena o nā ʻano nunui he 10-15 cm, liʻiliʻi - 3-5 cm Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, e hoʻopiha piha ke kaikamahine rosettes i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina.

Mālama: kahi ma ka wehe pono ʻia ʻana o nā nāhelehele a me nā inflorescences make ʻole me ka rosette make o nā lau. I ka lepo lepo, hoʻomaka nā lau lalo i ka rosette e pala. ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona mua o ka huhū nui. I kēlā me kēia 3-5 mau makahiki, inā piha nui nā pūʻulu a hoʻomaka nā kumu, e noho ana nā keiki. ʻAʻole maloʻo nā wā ʻōpio, ʻoiai inā ulu lākou i ka lepo maikaʻi. ʻAʻole lākou e make, akā e lūlū i nā poʻomanaʻo a nalowale i kā lākou hopena hana.

Leʻaleʻa

Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole kūpono nā līlū, no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he nui nā rosette kaikamahine liʻiliʻi.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka ʻāina hoʻoiho e lawe ʻia i ka pūnāwai, i kekahi manawa i ke kauwela. Hoʻoulu nā rīa liʻiliʻi ma nā kuʻekuʻe, nā mea nui - kanu koke i kahi paʻa mau, mālama i ka mamao o 10 cm. Ua lūlū ʻia nā hua i loko o Pepeluali-Malaki ma kahi hohonu ʻaʻole he 1 mm. E hoʻōki ma ka mahana o 20 tikelika C. ʻIke ʻia nā pana ma hope o 3-5 lā. Mālama ʻia nā hua kanu i ke kukui, palekana mai ka lā wela. Landing a ma kahi paʻa ma ka hopena o Iune - Iulai.

Hoʻohana

Maikaʻi a nā ʻōpio i nā kanu lāʻau ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā kumulāʻau, i nā hui kalipona, ma nā wahi papa a me nā kahawai.

Nā Māhele: ʻaʻole i hui pū me nā mea ulu lohi.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā ʻōpio - ʻo nā manu, ʻo ia hoʻi: ka pesies, nā leole, ka ʻōpio a me nā ʻīlio.

Hiki i nā ʻōleʻa o ka pulelau Mei ke hōʻino i ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻole wale lākou a kao wale i ka aʻa, hiki ke ʻōpiopio ka maʻalahi me kēia, akā hoʻokele lākou i ka ʻai o ka waihona lae ʻoi loa. Pono e hoʻopuka hou ia mau ʻōhua, me ka hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻana i kēlā hapa o nā lau i koe me ka ʻole o ke "kākoʻo". Ma nā wahi kahi i ulu nui ai ka lepo me kēia pūpū, he mea pono e hoʻoulu hou i nā ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e koho ana i nā ulaula mai ka lepo.

ʻO nā maʻi, nā pala o kahi ʻano undiagnosed e hōʻeha pinepine i ka pilikia.. ^ E Ha yM. I ka ua anuanu, ua mau nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā kanaka. I ka wā mua ua hoʻohua ʻia lākou e like me ka palahalaha, a huli koke i ke kala a "palupalu". Akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole e hohola ka kaʻina i nā kikowaena ʻē aʻe. Pono ka neʻe ʻana o nā poʻe e neʻe i ka wā mua, a maopopo ke hoʻomaka ʻia ke kaʻina o ka hōʻino mai ka papa lalo.

Nā ʻōpiopio

ʻO nā ʻōpiopio (ʻo Sempervivum tectorum) - He kikoo a pilīwī paha nā poʻe, ʻo ka ʻāpana o nā kumu he 4-15 cm, ma muli o ke ʻano. ʻO nā lau nui nā nui, ka ʻiʻo, me nā koi, ʻo kekahi manawa he ʻulaʻula. ʻO Peduncles pubescent, ulu nui, a hiki i 60 cm kiʻekiʻe. Keleʻele nā pua a i ʻole kukui aila, ʻano like-hōkele, a hiki i 2 cm ke anawaena, ʻiliʻili ʻia i ka corymbose, nui loa nā kālā i ʻike ʻia. Ka pua ma Iulai -ʻAukake no 40-45 lā. Ke ulu nei ia ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o Rūsia, ʻEulopa, Asia Minor.

Huakaʻi (Sempervivum soboliferum) - ka rosette spherical, a hiki i 5 cm ke anawaena, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau, ʻulaʻula ma ka lālani. ʻAno pua a puaʻa paha nā pua pua, i ʻohi ʻia i nā coresmbose inflorescences. Kāleka i ka Iulai-ʻAukake no 35-40 mau lā. Loaʻa ia ma ʻEulopa a me ka ʻāpana ʻĀpana o Rusia.

Cobweb opio (Sempervivum arachnoideum) - E ulu i nā kuahiwi o ʻEulopa. Kolo nā kihi a he 4 cm paha ka laulā, spherical, makaʻuʻuku ʻia ma luna. ʻO nā lau ka oblong-lanceolate, ke kū nei i nā kihi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi ʻōpula-ʻulaʻula ulaula, hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻeleʻele, cobweb-pubescent me nā lauoho māmā. Peduncles a hiki i 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻōlepe.

Kuhi ʻia nā hua lāʻau, sessile, oblong. He ʻulaʻula nā pua, i ʻohi ʻia i nā coresmbose inflorescences. Hoʻopau ia mai ka hapalua ʻelua o Iulai. Ua loaʻa ia i nā ʻano māla like ʻole i ka nui o nā rosettes a me nā kala lau.

Nā ʻōpio Lūkini (Sempervivum ruthenicum) - Ke ulu nui neiʻo ia ma ka māhele ʻEulopa o Rusia, ma nā Balkans a me Asia Minor. ʻO Rosette o ka lau a hiki i 6 cm ke anawaena. ʻO nā lau Rosette he oblong a obovate-wedge wale ia, i kuhikuhi koke ʻia; on peduncles - oblong-lanceolate, kuhikuhi, pubescent ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO nā Peduncles a hiki i ka 35 cm kiʻekiʻe. He melemele nā pua, i loko o nā coresmbose inflorescences a hiki i 10 cm ma waena. Blossoms i Iulai -ʻukake 35-40 lā.

Juvenile spherical (Sempervivum globiferum). - Kālei i Caucasus, ma Northeast Turkey. ʻO nā mea kanu me nā oblong-lobed, waiho ʻana i nā lau ma luna, ʻohi ʻia i nā rosettes a hiki i 5 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā lau ma ke ala he oblong-ovate, hoʻonui ʻia, i ʻōpū o ke kumu. Kele nā pua a ʻeleʻele paha-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻohi ʻia i loko o nā inflorescences umbellate-corymbose me nā lālā liʻiliʻi fluffy. Hoʻopau ia i ka Iulai-ʻAukake.