ʻO ka wai ʻōpiopio ka mea kanu ʻōlapa (Trollius) he ʻelele o ka ʻohana Ranunculaceae. Ke kūlohelohe nei, loaʻa i Asia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, aʻo ʻEulopa ma ʻEulopa ke ulu a ulu ma nā mauna, a ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa i nā lau nahele, nā nahele a me nā awāwa wai. Kalahala kēlā lāʻau ma Asia; hiki ke loaʻa i ka nahele ma kahi āpau koe wale nō ma nā ʻāina hema. A ma kahi o ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā ʻāpana ʻelua wale nō. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka inoa Latin o ka mea kanu i lawe mai mai ka huaʻōlelo Kelemānia "Trollblume", ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo "pua troll". Wahi a kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia inoa e puka mai i ka huaʻōlelo Kelemania kahiko "troll", i unuhi ʻia me ka "pōpō", no kēia mea ke ʻano o ka mea i kū pono ʻia ai nā pua a me kāna mau pua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka inoa "palekele" ma muli o ke ʻano i ke ʻano like ʻole o ka moʻomeheu i kahi ulu i nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Aia ka papa inoa o ka Mahele he wehewehe i nā ʻano ʻehā o nā lentilela.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻauʻauʻau
ʻO nā leotard he mau lau laupaʻa a palma paha. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā peduncles i ʻelua mau makahiki. I ka makahiki mua, hana ʻia kahi kumu lau lau ʻula ma ka lāʻau. A i ka lua o ka makahiki, ulu nui kahi pana, ʻōpala ma ke kolu o ke kolu, a ma ka piko loa he pua pua. Aia ma ka pua pua nā pahu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pahu nunui nui, a me nā lau sessile luna, he liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, ulu nā pua lateral mai nā sinuses lau, ma nā poʻo o laila loaʻa kekahi pua. ʻO nā pua lateral kokoke i ka piko, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou nui. Hoʻololihe ʻia ke ʻano o nā pua, hiki iā lākou ke maʻa a wehe a wehe paha. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pua i like me ka perianth corolla-ʻano, me ka 5-20 sepals, i pena ʻia i ka ʻula ʻona a i ʻole ka melemele paha. Hiki i nā pua ke hele i kahi kala waiho waihoʻu: mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka melemele paha. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻōiwi ʻo nā petals corolla, kokoke i ko lākou waihona kahi puka meli. ʻAʻole ikaika a me ka leʻaleʻa o nā pua, ʻo ia ka mea hoihoi a me nā piʻolima. He lau lau i ka hua e wehe i ka kuʻina o loko, a ʻohi ʻia i loko o kahi hua spherical. ʻEleʻele nā lula nani ʻona.
Ke kanu nei i kahi lepera ma ka wahi ākea
Ke kanu nei i nā hua
I ka hihia i ka wā e ulu ai ka leotard mai nā hua kanu, pono lākou i ka stratification anuanu ma mua o ka lulu. No ka hana la, lulu nā hua ʻai i kahi ipu i ka wā hāʻule, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi lumi walaʻau, kahi i waiho ʻia a hiki i ka pūnāwai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua, a ma ka pūnāwai, puka mai nā hua. Akā, ʻo ka hapanui, ua kāwili pū ʻia nā māla me nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia me nā one i hoʻoluʻu ʻia, waiho i nā mea āpau i loko o ke ʻeke, a lākou i kau ai ma ka papa o ka friji, i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mea kanu. Ma laila lākou e noho ai mai ʻekolu a ʻehā mau malama, ʻoiai ka mahana o ka ea wela ʻo 2-4 mau kekelē. Ke lūlū ʻia nā hua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o ka hoʻohui ʻāina e lawe ʻia i ka lā Malaki, ma hope o ke kau ʻia ʻana o nā hua ʻai i kahi ma kahi ʻoluʻolu (e pili ana i 20 degere). Ke lōlō nei ka lula ʻana o nā hua, pono nā hele mua e ulu mai nā waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Mei. Pono ka huila i ka pale mai nā maka pololei o ka lā, pono nō hoʻi e noʻonoʻo ʻia ua hana ʻino loa lākou i ka hilo ʻana o ka ʻano ʻāina. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka koho ʻana i ka wā e hoʻomaka ana ka lua lau o ka lau ma nā hua, aʻo ka mamao o 80-100 mm e ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā mea kanu. Ke lawe ʻia nei nā mea kanu ma ka puka ākea ma kahi o ʻAukake.
Pehea e kanu ai i kahi ʻauʻau
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i ia pua ke ulu i nā wahi i kahiki a me nā lā. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā kanu i loko o ka māla, ua hōʻike iā ia e koho i kahi mālamalama no ka lā, kahi mamao loa mai nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. Aia ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia ka mea e mama ai a i ʻole ka loamy medium, a loaʻa pū nō ka nui o nā humus, kūpono loa no ka ulu ʻana i kahi leotard. Eia kekahi, pono e kūleʻa ka mālamalama a me ka momona. Ke ulu i ia pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka lepo maikaʻi ʻole, akā ma kēia hihia, pono ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka humus i ka ʻula, ua hoʻohui kēia kulu i ka pai o ka hoʻohuihui a me ka mālama ʻana o ka wai i ka lepo. ʻO 5 kilograms o ia ʻano hoʻohui i hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi 1 mau mika square o ka pā.
ʻO ka mea mua ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā lua ʻauila, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o 0.3 a i 0.4 m ka wā e kanu ai, ua lawe pū ʻia nā hua ʻai me kahi ʻōpala o ka honua. Kēia hui pua ka mea maikaʻi i transplants, no laila, ma ka wahi hoʻokahi e hiki ke ulu no nā makahiki he 10 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka nā mea kanu i ulu ma nā wana e ulu a i ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā paha o ka ulu.
Ka mālama ʻana i kahi leakard i ka māla
Pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea ʻōpio'ōpiopio i nā mea hoʻohālikelike ʻōnaehana, a ma nā hebedoma ʻehā he pono e pale ʻia lākou mai ka lā pololei. Kuhi i nā makahiki he 2-3 i ulu nui ʻia ma nā wahi mālamalama, he kiʻekiʻe a ma kahi o 0.5-0.6 m. Inā ʻoe e kau i ka leperard ma kahi ulana, a i kēia manawa ke kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe 0.8-0.9 m, i ka manawa like, e ulu lōʻihi nā lau petioles a me nā ʻōpena. Akā e ʻike ʻia ua ulu ka ulu lāʻau ma kahi ʻulapula iki me ka nui o ka pua, a ʻaʻole ʻano saturated ka waihoʻoluʻu o kona mau pua. Inā koho ʻia kahi kihi ma kahi pale no ka pua, a laila hoʻomāhuahua mau ka hoʻomohala a me ka ulu ʻana, ʻoiai ma kēia hihia e hōʻea ana ia i kona waiwai nui no 6 a 7 paha mau makahiki. ʻO ka nele o ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa i pili i ka nani o ka pua, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā pua, e lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Pehea e wai ai a hānai ai
ʻO nā ʻōpio a me nā wā ʻōpio, e hoʻohua mau ia me ka ʻōlala a me ka nui. Pono e hoʻōla i ka lepona me ka wai mahana paʻa, i hoʻomoʻo ia e ka lā, a he mea mua hoʻi kēia. Hōʻike ka poʻe māla akamai i ka waiho ʻana i ka mana nui ma ka papa māla ma kahi punahele maikaʻi, e hōʻiliʻili i ka wai i loko i ka wā o ka ua. Ma hope o ka ua ʻana o ka ua a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea kanu, pono e wehe i ka pā o ka ʻāina, a huki ʻia nā ʻano āpau.
I ka wā kanu, hiki ke hānai i ka mea kanu me ka hopena o ka urea (no ka 10 liters o ka wai 1 tsp. O ka waiwai). Ua pane maikaʻi ʻia kekahi i ka ʻaihue luna me Agricola a i ʻole Nitrophos, a pono e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hoʻonā i ke ala e like me ka hopena o ka urea. Pono ʻoe e hānai i nā pua i ka wā e wehe ai i nā ʻōpala, ma mua hoʻi o ko lākou pua ʻana.
Pehea e hoʻolaha ai a hoʻoulu
Hiki ke ulu i kēia moʻomeheu mai nā hua kanu, akā ʻo kēia ʻano o ka hana honi ʻaʻole kaulana i waena o ka poʻe māla. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻomohala ʻia ka mea kanu me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pale, lawe ʻia ia i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 5 makahiki i nā lā hope o ʻAukake a i nā lā mua o Kepakemapa. ʻO nā lāʻau olakino olakino a hoʻomohala maikaʻi, nā makahiki he 5-6 e pono ai, no ka hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā mau ʻano lāʻau i ka nui o nā mea ola, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no kahi mea kanu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ke kaila. ʻO kēlā mau lāʻau, e like me ke kānāwai, maʻalahi ka hoʻomanawanui i ka pohō ʻana i hoʻoili ʻia e ka hoʻololi.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau makua mai ka lepo mai, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā koena o ka ʻāina mai kāna kumu aʻa, ma hope o ka holoi ʻana. Ma hope o kēia, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka ʻokiʻoki i kā ka lāʻau i ka nui o nā ʻāpana, pono hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā me kēia wahi i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana rosette me nā aʻa. Hanaʻia nā wahi o nā hōʻoki ʻia me ka lehu lāʻau a i ʻole ka hopena o ka potassium permanganate. A laila, kanu pono ʻia nā māhele o ka ulu lāʻau i loko o nā lua e pono ai ke mākaukau ma mua, ʻo kahi mamao o 0.3 a i 0.4 m pono e kiaʻi ʻia ma waena o lākou, ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, e kanu ʻia ke ana o ka ʻāpana o ka delenki i ka lepo ma o 20-30 mm. ae hoʻopau ʻia lākou. Hoʻoulu hou nā papa lau ʻōpio ma hope o ka hapalua mahina.
Hoʻoilo
Kūpaʻa kēia moʻomeheu i ka hau, e pili ana me kēia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uhi i nā lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. I ka malama o Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa paha, e make ka lau o ka lau o ka lāʻau ma hope o ko lākou huki ʻia ʻana no laila, ʻo nā petioles wale nō e piʻi ana i ka lōʻihi o 20-30 mm e kū aʻe ma luna o ka pā o ka pā. E mālama i kēia mau petioles i ka pale i waena o ka mahele. Mai kēia pua, e ulu ulu ka pua i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
He mea kūʻē nui kēia lāʻau i nā maʻi, a me nā pōpoki. Eia naʻe, ʻoi loa ka ʻilihune, he maʻi nō ka mea kanu. ʻO ka pinepine loa, ʻo ka mālama kūpono ʻole ia e hoʻohewa ai i ka hoʻohewa ʻana o nā lāʻau me nā maʻi manu, no ka laʻana: smut a septoria paha. Inā maʻi ka mea kanu, a laila i ka wā e loaʻa ai, pono e ʻoki i nā ʻaoʻao i pā ai o ka mea i laʻu a e ʻeli ai i nā mea kanu a luku loa iā lākou, pono ʻia ka ʻulaʻeleʻele a me nā pua me kahi mākaukau. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu i hele mai ai ka maʻi, a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau i nā hemahema āpau i ka mālama.
ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o kahi aʻa manuahi me nā kiʻi a me nā inoa
Kūʻai nā māla i ka lehulehu o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Ma lalo iho nei, nā mea i kaulana loa e wehewehe.
Ledebur's Trollius (Trollius ledebourii)
ʻO kēia ʻano ka meaʻoi loa ka kūlohelohe e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke koena. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ma kahi o 100 cm. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i kēia mea ʻike ke loaʻa ma ka Far East, China, Eastern Siberia, Mongolia a me Japan. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lau lau hohonu i nā petioles. I ke kumu kū pololei, ʻoi ke kolu o luna ka lau. ʻO ka pua pua ākea ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana aku o 50-60 mm, ʻalike ʻia lākou i ka ʻulaʻulaʻula a loaʻa nā nectaries liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia, e piʻi aʻe ana ma luna o nā lāʻau. Nā ʻano punahele:
- Halawaia. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa nā pua i ka lapalapa ma kahi o 70 mm, ko lākou nectaries he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele, a he ʻeleʻele ka ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO Lemon Queen. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau pili ma kahi o 0.7 m.o hoʻohuihui ʻia me nā pua lemon-melemona ke anawaena o kahi o 40 mm.
- ʻBallmaʻomaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nahele ma kahi 0.6 m. Mīlima ka pua he 50 mm ma waena, he melemele ko lākou mau nectaries, a he ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpala.
- Aliʻi Orange. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pua ma kahi e pili ana iā 0.5 m.ʻU He 50 mm ka lōʻihi o ka pua pua, he ʻeleʻele nā nectaries, a ʻo nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi he melepele.
Kikiiki ʻAsia (Trollius asiaticus)
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i kēia mau ʻike ke loaʻa ma Siberia, nā Polar Urals, Central Asia a me Mongolia. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano me he "kukui" a i ʻole "biki." Kēia mea kanu peroli mea kanu peremala he basal petiolate lau-like ʻala like lima-ʻelima ʻāpana, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ka pakanalua mai ka 0.2 i 0.3 m. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka peduncle he hapalua mita. Kūpono ka pua o nā ʻōpū kikoʻī ma kahi o 50 mm, he ʻāpana nā ʻuhane, a he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. ʻO kēia ʻano kekahi o nā mea nani loa. Aia nā ʻano terry o kēia ʻano, me nā hola he nui. Hoʻomaka lākou e kanu i nā makahiki 1759.
Pākīpika manuahi (Trollius europaeus)
I ka kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai ka tundra a i ke kākāwaena steppe o ʻEulopa, a me ka West Siberia a me Scandinavia. ʻO ka nui o ka ulu lāʻau e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i nā kūlana e ulu ana, no ka laʻana, ma ka latitude waena a hiki ke hōʻea i 0.8 m, a i ka tundra wale nō 0.2-0.3 m.ā ke kumu rosette e paʻa ai nā pālima lau-elima i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me nā petioles. He nani maoli nā kino o kēia ʻano ʻano, no ka mea ua hoʻohālike ʻia kona mau lehelehe, nā ʻāpana pono a me nā rhombic. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano a i ʻole maʻalahi, ʻo ka hapa o ke kolu o luna ka lau i ka palala. ʻO ke ʻano o nā pua, ke kiʻi i ka lōʻihi o 50 mm, he spherical, he ʻono ʻoluʻolu lākou, a ua kau ʻia lākou me 10 a 20 nā sepal, ke kala ka mea e hiki ai ke ʻano o ke gula a i ka melemele. ʻO nā moʻa a me nā nectaries ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, me ka mea i loaʻa ka ʻulaʻula. Kūpono i ʻike ʻia mai ka kenekulia 16. Aia kekahi 2 huakaʻi:
- pua puka, nā pua o ka melemele;
- he ʻano me nā pua nui, a me kekahi kala ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka leotard kiʻekiʻe loa (Trollius altissimus)
He ʻike ʻia ma ka helehelena ma ʻEulopa a me nā Carpathians, ʻoiai nā mea e makemake i nā mea kanu ke ulu i nā māla loloa a me nā umeke nui. ʻO ka rosette nui e loaʻa i nā papa lau lauʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me ka piha lōʻihi o ka petioles a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 0.6 m. ʻO hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika pololei ke kūpaʻa pinepine ʻia i ke kumukūʻai. I nā kīwī o nā papa lau nui, 5 a 7 mau lālā lateral e ulu ana, e lawe ana i nā pua melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka waiū wai, ma ka ʻāpana lākou a hiki i 60 mm.
Kekai Pilikimua (Trollius altaicus)
Ke kūlohelohe nei ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma Western Siberia, Mongolia, Central Asia, Northern China a me Altai. ʻO nā papa lau basal he ʻano pāpaʻi a me nā petioles, ua ʻākoakoa ʻia i loko o kahi pihi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe he ana ʻo 0.3 m. Hiki i ke kumu ke kūpono a maʻalahi paha, ke ana he 0.8-0.9 m i ke kiʻekiʻe, a me nā uhi sessile e uhi ai . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pua pua o ka spherical i ka diameter a hiki i ka 50 mm, aia lākou i 10 sepals kaila-melemele a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula paha, ʻulaʻula i waho ka ʻulaʻula, a me nā petals-nectaries orange. Kui kala o nā ʻāpana anthers. Hōʻani ʻia kēia manaʻo mai ka makahiki 1874.
Cultural swimsuit (Trollius x moʻomanaʻo)
I kēia ʻano, hoʻopili ʻia ka hapanui o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano māla o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻōiwi maoli, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou pua. Nā ʻano punahele:
- ʻOihana kālā. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa ka laula o nā pua i ka 60 mm, a ua kā ʻia iā lākou i ke kala melemele waiwai.
- Kamāliʻomaʻo Orange. ^ E Ha yM. Pahu aku ka pua a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0.6 m. ʻO nā pua, i ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 50 mm, he kala kala momona maikaʻi.
- Pahu ahi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe a me ke aniani o nā pua like me nā Princess Princess Orange. He mau ʻala a nā pua i ka pua, aʻo ko lākou mau ʻāpana he ʻulaʻula.
- Erlist aila. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa nā pua i ka laulā 40 mm, he melemele nā sepal, a ua melemele nā nectaries.
- Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā pua nā nui, ka ʻulaʻula kukui.
- Kukui manu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAkēnē ka kala o nā pua.
