Lehona lehu maʻamau

Kūleʻa nui nā lāʻau Rowan i loko o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou lau ʻulaʻula kukui. I ke kauwela wela, ua uhi ʻia lākou i keʻokeʻo, ʻōmole a i kahi pua pua aila paha. I ka wā lulu, loaʻa i nā lau o ka lehu mauna he mea pīhoihoi nani, e hele ana i nā ʻāpana o ka melemele a me kaʻulaʻula. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻonani ʻia ka lehu ahi ma nā wīwī chic o nā hua ʻala koʻikoʻi: ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, aila, ʻōmole a ʻākala.

ʻO nā hua o ka lehu mauna. © Krzysztof P. Jasiutowicz

Kakena lehua (ʻO Sorbus) - he pua o ka mau pua kūwaho a me nā lāʻau mai ka ʻohana Rosaceae (Rosaceae) E ulu ana ka lehuahiwi i nā nahele a me nā wahi mauna, ʻo ko lākou puʻupuʻu e neʻe mai kahi lōʻihi aku a i ke kikowaena waena o ka ʻākau ʻākau. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā huaʻu Rowan e pili ana i 200 mau ʻano. ʻO kēia ʻatikala kahi Lehona lehu maʻamau (Sorbus aucuparia) - nā lāʻau nani a i nā lāʻau lāʻau e ʻike i ko mākou mai ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻO nā lau o ia mau lehu mauna he paʻakikī nui i ka lau o kēlā me kēia lau.

Mai ka wā pagan, ua lilo ka pele o ka mauna i ka ola a me ka moʻomeheu o nā iwi Celtic, Scandinavian a me Slavic. Wahi a ko lākou manaʻoʻiʻo, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka lehu o ka mauna me ka mana mana, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i ka poʻe koa i ka wā o ke kaua, pale mai ka honua o ka poʻe make, a pale pū kekahi mai ka ʻikepili. I mea e pale ai iā lākou iho mai ka maka hewa, ua hana ʻia nā keʻa mai nā lehelehe lehu kuahiwi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka kaula ʻulaʻula a ua kāʻei ʻia i nā lole. Haʻi ʻo Rowan i nā kāmaʻa wahine mare a i ka wā o ka male. Ua hana ʻia nā limahana mai nā lāʻau rowan. ʻO nā lālā Rowan i hoʻonani i ka Maypole ma Beltayn. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lehu ahi ma kahi kokoke i ka wahi e noho ai, a me ka haki ʻana a hōʻino paha i ka lehu mauna ma kāu pā i kekahi mau wahi i manaʻo ʻia hoʻi he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ia. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka lehu o ke kuahiwi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i loko o ke ʻano he kūlā ʻo ia mau kohu ʻelima elima, a ʻo ia kahi o nā hōʻailona paganehau koʻikoʻi - he hōʻailona o ka pale.

He lāʻau paʻakikī a kūlou ka lāʻau Rowan, a maikaʻi maoli ia e hoʻoili ai. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hana ʻia nā spindles a me nā runes mai ka lehu mauna. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua Rowan e hana i nā kaila lepo ulaula no nā mea lole. ʻO nā hua Rowan kahi waiwai nui i ka vitamona C a ua lōʻihi ʻo ia i ka hana i ka home no ka hana ʻana i ka waina, ka pia, nā jam, kaʻaila, jellies, jelly, dessert a me nā anana. E aloha nui nā manu a me nā manu, no ka mea, he kumu waiwai nui ia i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka palate, he meaʻoluʻolu a ʻono a i ʻole ka ʻawaʻawa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka hopena e hoʻohana ai ma ke ʻano ua pau me ka hoʻohui o ke kō.

E koho i nā kahua kanu kanu Rowan

He lāʻau lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ka lehu mauna, no laila e aʻo ʻia e kanu iā ia ma ka palena o ka māla a i ʻole ia e mākaʻia ka wahi, no ka laʻana, me ka perimeter ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Hiki i ka lehu kuahiwi ke ulu ma luna o nā lepo a pau, akā naʻe i ka makemake ʻana i nā lepo momona - ka mālamalama a me nā palaha e paʻa ai ka wai.

ʻO ka ʻike ākea o ka lehu mauna. © Mehmet Karatay

Rowan kanu

Ke kanu nei lākou ia i ka wā o ka ʻohi a i ka puna mua paha - ka maʻamau a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka koke ana. I loaʻa i kahi hua i loaʻa mai ka ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano lehelehe o nā lehelehe mauna: ʻo nā hua kanu i kanu ʻia i hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou pono iho.

Kūkulu lākou i nā kumulāʻau ma kahi mamao o ka liʻiliʻi o 4-6 m mai kēlā me kēia. Kahu ʻia ka ʻōpala me ka hohonu a me ka laulā o 60-80 cm. Ua piha lākou me kahi kāwili pū ka lepo puʻu me kahi lau momona maikaʻi o ka lepo, kahi mea i loaʻa ka lehu a me ka superphosphate a me nā ʻāwili o ʻekolu mau makahiki he kanakolu i hoʻohui ʻia (hou aʻe, ʻaʻole keu overripe manure e hoʻopau i nā aʻa). Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e kanu ʻia nā mea kanu lehu o ke kuahiwi a me ka pōkole o ka mea lawe ma waena, a me ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, nā ʻōpio a me nā lateral.

Ka mālama ʻāina lehu

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻūhā kuahiwi i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki, kahi i kū pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻā o ke aʻa, a ke ulu nei nā wana ma lalo o ke kahua hoʻopuka, me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻoulu a wehe ʻana i ka lepo, hana i ka lei a me ka pale ʻana i nā pōpō a me nā maʻi. ʻOiai ʻo ka lehu ahi ma ka pūnāwai e hoʻomaka koke a ulu koke, kanu pono a me ka lole o luna e lawe koke ʻia. I ka manawa like, ʻokiʻoki a uʻi nā ʻōpio a ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu ʻōpio, nā mea lōʻihi loa i pōkole ʻia i ka pua hope.

I ka wā e ʻoki ai i nā mea kanu hua, pono ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hua. I nā ʻano ʻāpana a me nā ʻano ʻano lehu o ke kuahiwi, e hua ana i nā hua o nā makahiki he nui i hala, he pōkole wale nō nā hua, a ʻoki ʻia ka lei ākea. Hana ʻia nā mea kanu me ka ulu nāwaliwali i nā mea kanu anti-kahiko i ʻelua mau lā lāʻau ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki e kumu ai ka ulu ʻana o nā pua hou. Kahi ʻia nā lālā Semi-skeletal i ka lehu mauna ʻuma ma nā ʻano ʻano hua like ʻole, me ka hoʻihoʻi kūleʻa ʻana i nā lima lima.

Hoʻomaka mai ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola, e hānai ʻia ʻo ka lehu mauna ʻōpala me nā minuke mineral. ʻEkolu mau lā ʻoi e hana pono ai: ma ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka pua ʻana, e hoʻopili ʻia he 20 g o ka nitrogen. 25 g o ka puna o ka pāhau a me 15 g nā pānaʻi potash i hoʻokahi mita pākahi. m aina pae; i ke kauwela - 10-15 g o ka'ōpala a me ka phosphorus a 10 g potash; i ka wā e hāʻule ai, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, - 10 g o ka phosphorus a me ka potash. Hoʻopili nā pahuhopu i ka papa pāpili, me ka ʻeliʻuku i ka lepo maʻa, ma hope o ka nui o ka kanu ʻana.

He kuʻu kālā o Rowan. © martainn

ʻO ka hana hou i ka lehu mauna

Nā ʻūhā kuahiwi mauna - nā lūlū, a me nā ʻano hoʻohanina a me nā ʻano like ʻole - ua kālai ʻia ma ka lehu kuahiwi a i ʻole ka lua kai Finnish, ʻoiai ua loaʻa i kahi ʻōnaʻo ikaika a hohonu loa a me nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻāina maloʻo. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi me ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka hawthorn ma ke ʻano. Kūkulu ʻia nā huaʻai Rowan i Iulai a i ʻole a ʻAukake i mua o ka maka hiamoe. Mauna lehu home (ʻO Sorbus domestica) i nā aila maoli pono ole ia e hana, loaʻa kahi ulu maikaʻi wale nō ke kō ma nā lā pī.

Hoʻomomo ʻia ka rowan e nā hua, hoʻoili ʻia ka lūlū ma ka ʻōʻō a i ka pūnāwai paha, ma kahi o 150 mau mea e lūlū ʻia me nā huaʻehā ma kēlā me kēia 1 mika no ka makahiki ua stratified. Pau ka maloʻo a hala paha paha ma mua o ka stratification e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻia no 3-4 mau hola. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lāʻau i mua o ka hoʻoilo ma muli o ka hoʻoilo. Kūleʻa koke nā ʻano mea kanu o ka lehu o ka lehu pua a ma ka hāʻule ʻana i ka kanu i ke kula no ka ulu a puka.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana no nā mea kanu mea kanu mai nā hua rowan, a i kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka hana hou ʻana ma o ke kō. Akā, i ka wā o ka lulu ʻana o nā hua kanu, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka helu o ka ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻano, akā ke komo ʻana i loko o ka wā o ka pua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu ʻōpio.

ʻO kekahi mau o ka lehu mauna, no ka laʻana, Finnish, elderberry. fruited nui, Moravian, momona-fruited, Nevezhinsky, Burka a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e lūlū ʻia ai e nā hua ʻai, e hoʻohua ai i nā hua i kū like ʻole mai ko lākou mau makuahine a ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa i nā mea i loaʻa e ka hoʻopili ʻana.

Kūleʻa nui nā pua Rowan a, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua pākeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi i kahi paʻa mau i ka hāʻule, e waiho ana i ka 3-4 m ma waena o nā mea ulu ikaika, a ʻo 1.5-2 m ma waena o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.

Nā Rowan ʻano

ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i ka lehu o ka mauna, akā he nui ka poʻe i manaʻo he nui nā ʻano me nā hua ʻono a maikaʻi loa.

'Scarlet nui' - kekahi o nā ʻano nui o kēia moʻomeheu. I ka wā hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hui o ka hae mai nā ʻano hua like ʻole o nā pears. ʻO kona mau hua nui he nui loa (ma luna o 4 g), aloe ulaula, like me nā cherries, wai momona, me ka māmā o ka astringency, akā me ka hana ʻole. ʻO ka ʻano he ʻōpana mua, hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili mai kahi lāʻau pākahi ma luna o 150 kg.
'Bead' - e hua i ka hua i ka makahiki 4-5 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ma kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa, eʻai nā hua ruby-ʻula e hōʻono e like me nā cranberry. ʻO ka palemele ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī, kū i ka maʻi. Palapala paʻa nā lāʻau.
'Betela - i loaʻa mai ma ka mauna mauna Nevezhinsky. ʻO ka lāʻau haʻahaʻa e hua mai i ka hua. Kola hua-ʻala-polala, pailawe, ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 1,3 g.
'Helou' - kahi pua o ka lehu mauna me ka hawthorn nui-fruited. Nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe 3-4 m. Hoʻopili i ka nui o kahi cherry. Ua ʻono kēlā me ka momona aʻe, me ka awaawa. ʻO ka paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo a me nā huahana nui. Nā huaʻai i nā makahiki ʻekolu.
ʻ Beautylio - ka hopena o ka kālai ʻana i ka rowan a me ka pulu. Kūpono ka lāʻau i ka lei aliʻi pyramidal nui, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 5-6 m. ʻO nā hua hua nui a me kēlā me kēia makahiki, nui nā hua, 1.8-2.2 g, ʻōpiopio-ka ʻulaʻulaʻula me kahi ʻano oblong ʻaʻole ʻano ʻano o ka lehu mauna. ʻĀnō ke ʻano o ka ʻono.
'Hope " - ua ʻā ke lāʻau. Loaʻa nā huaʻai (1.8-2 g) i kahi nui o nā meaola biologically active. Hōʻano ʻia ka ʻano like me ka wā kahiko a me ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe.
L 'Ruby' - kahi mea kanu dwarf (2-2.3 m) me ka lei ākea. ʻO nā huaʻai heʻele a ruby (1.8 g), kahi momona momona a me nā momona.
'Titan' - ua loaʻa ka like me ka hopena o ke kāʻei ʻana i ka lehu kuahiwi me kahi pop a me nā ʻākala nui ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia kahi lāʻau mākaʻalāhi pāpaʻu me kahi lei ākea ākea. ʻEleʻele nā hua i kahi pua ʻōpiopio e piʻi ana a hiki i 2 g. Nā huaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Sorbinka ' - lāʻau lāʻau pālahalaha. Nui nā hua (a hiki i 3 g), melemele-ʻulaʻula, me kahi mea hōʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu. Nā huaʻai i ka makahiki 5-6. ʻAno nui nā papa.

Nā maʻi Rowan a me nā popo

Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka lehu kuahiwi i nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi. Kūpono ʻia ka mea koʻikoʻi i kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ka lāʻau kuahiwi mauna, aia he mau pīpī e like me ka sawflies, nā māla ʻōpala, nā ticks. Noho ka ʻōpala pua ma luna o nā pua o ka lāʻau, a ma luna o nā hua a me nā lālā he mau lehelehe mauna, nā hua a ka huaʻōleʻa a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka lehu mauna e piʻi nui ana i nā manu.