ʻĀpā: nā kiʻi, nā ʻano, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka ulu a me ka mālama

Ma kahi kokoke, ua lilo ʻo beots i kaulana i waena o ka māla ʻana ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai a me nā ulu ʻana i nā Urals a me Siberia. ʻO nā'āina o ʻEulopa, kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina mamao, i ka Far East a me Caucasus, aloha lākou a ulu no ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea mua, aloha ʻia ka ʻōpio ma muli o nā mea ono, ono o ka momona, ka ʻōleʻa a me nā ʻono ʻono, ʻōpala mua a me ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka hoʻoilo. ʻOno mālie, ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole e hoʻolilo i ka waimaka a hāʻawi i nā kaona momona wikiwiki a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ka moemoeā o kēlā me kahi kīhāpai a me ka gourmet.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā pono nui o nā shallots

He mea kanu palapa kēia. ʻano "nests ʻohana", no laila, i ka poʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻohana". ʻO ka paona elongated iki ka paona o 20 a 50 mika mau pākahi a me nā kaulike lahilahi. ʻO ka huluhulu ma nā pāpaku he leʻaleʻa, ʻilikino a ulu nāʻu.

ʻAʻole like me nā ʻoliki, loaʻa i nā pāpaku nā akahele hou, no laila ua kūpono lākou no ka hoʻomaloʻo. A hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili hou, hiki ke mālama piha ʻia i nā kūlana lumi.

Loaʻa nā huaʻaila:

1. E kūpono nā wīlani no ka ulu ʻana ma luna o ka windowsill, i ka nui o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loaʻa mai i kahi puʻupuʻu paʻa.
2. Ka hana nui o ka huahana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka lehulehu o ka pūnana o ka 150-300 gram, ma kahi o 10 mau puka e hoʻohuli.
3. Nā wikiwiki a mālie.
4. Mālama ʻia ia no kahi lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lūlū.
5. ʻAʻole e nalowale i kona mau hiʻohiʻona no 8 mau mahina.
6. ʻO ka maloʻo maikaʻi a me ka wā kahiko o nā lau e pale i ka mea kanu mai ka hōʻino ʻia e ka pala cervical a me ka peronosporosis.
7. ʻO kahi keʻae hau ʻoluʻolu i nā hulu i ka hopena o ke kauwela e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi maikaʻi i nā ʻala maikaʻi i ka hāʻule.
8. He pōkole pōkole kahi pōkole a, ma muli o kēia, ʻo ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana.

Nā umauma a me nā pā nui nā mea kūpono:

• mineral wai;
• ascorbic acid;
• aila ʻaila ʻaila;
• nā paʻakai mineral o ka hao, phosphate, calcium, pāhare;
• Nā huaora B;
• molowaha;
• natealena.

Loaʻa i nā ʻōmato i nā meaʻai a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Me kona kōkua, ua mālama ʻia kekahi o nā maʻi a me ka maka.

Nā ʻano ʻōmole

Aniani nā ʻano ʻoni ʻokoʻa, ka pae o ke kūpeʻe ʻana, ka ʻāpana o nā unahi, a me ka ʻala ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻōpala mua

1. "Hanalei 94" - ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu no 75-85 mau lā, ua hoʻopuni ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana he 20-27 g a me ka hoʻāʻo. ʻAiuli ka kala o nā unahi, me kahi lilac hue. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole no ka kanu ʻana i nā wahi o ka ʻĀwelau Akau.
2. "Kahi momona" - nā ʻōpala i loaʻa ke ʻano aona a me nā paona o 30 maule. Hoʻomaʻa ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēia ʻano i ka lā 18-22 lā, e moe ana nā lau he 70 mau lā ma hope o ke kūleʻa ʻana. He kiʻekiʻe ka mālama mālama ʻana. E kiʻi i ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, hiki ke ulu i nā mea kanu i loko.
3. Emerald - nā hua momona me kahi ʻono pākahi, ke kūpaʻa keʻokeʻo a me ka umi i hoʻopuni ʻia. E ulu nā poʻo he 3-4 i loko o ka pūnana, ka nui o kēlā me kēia me ka 22 ka grama. Ua ulu ʻia nā ʻano like me kahi moʻomeheu biennial. Hiki ke mālama i ka ʻole o ka nalowale o ka maikaʻi no a hiki i 10 mahina.
4. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano “ʻohana” e nā ʻāpana ākea a hiki i ka 4 i ka ʻēheu, he ʻono ʻono a me nā ʻāpana ʻoniʻoni-ʻoniʻula. ʻO ka paona o kēlā me kēia poʻo mai ka 18 a 25 ka grama. Hoʻohui e like me ka moʻomeheu mau makahiki. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka maʻi.
5. "Cascade" - kahi ʻano me ka ʻono a me nā palahalaha ʻōwili me nā ʻōpio pinkish. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā poʻo he 5 i ka pūnana, kēlā me kēia paona ke hiki a 35 grama. Ua ulu ʻia ka ʻano like mai sevka ma kahi moʻomeheu mau makahiki. Mālama ʻia no ka lōʻihi ʻoi ʻole e lilo nā maikaʻi pono ʻole.

Nā ʻano hua waena waena

1. Albik - i hoʻokahi me nā mea kanu o 62 mau lā, ʻo ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama pono. Hiki i nā ʻāpana cross-eleptic ke loaʻa i ka nui a hiki i ka 30 mau grika a me nā kumu kala melemele. Mai 3 a 8 mau poʻo ke kūkulu pinepine ʻia i ka lehelehe.
2. ʻO "Bonnilla F 1" e pili ana i kahi ʻano me ka hopena semi-acute a loaʻa ka manawa ulu o 82-87 mau lā. ʻOi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau poʻo i keu i loko o ka pūnana, ka nui o kēlā me kēia mehe a hiki i 40 gram. Hāʻawi ke ʻano huaʻala i nā hōʻiliʻili piha o nā ʻōpala a me nā lāʻau kanu, mālama pono ʻia a hiki ke ulu i hoʻokahi wahi a i ʻelima mau makahiki.
3. "Guarantor" kahi peninsular ʻano me nā poʻo ākea i ulu a me kahi ulu ulu o ka 50 mau lā. ʻO ka nui o nā pulu, ma loko o ka pūnana mai 3 a 10 mau ʻāpana, hiki iā 32 ke piʻi aku. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka māka no ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo ākea a paʻa no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōpala a me nā greens.
4. "Kaikai lima" - He hua momona maikaʻi loa me kahi mea kanu lāʻau a hiki i 58 lā. Mai ka 4 a 10 mau piʻupuʻu hoʻopuni me ka nui o ka 25-40 mau grama i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o ka pūnana. Hiki ke kanu ʻia ka moʻomeheu i kekahi wahi. Kūleʻa ka ʻano like ʻole i ka pala a i ka pana ʻana, mālama pono ʻia a kūpono hoʻi no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana.
5. "Chapaevsky" - shallots of universal use, the grow season of is 66 day. Loaʻa ka nui o nā pōpoki polū i nā mea he 40 mau aniani a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula māmā. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā poʻo 5-8 i ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole palu ke ʻano ka mea like me ka peronosporosis, mālama maikaʻi a mālama ʻia, kūpono no ka mahi ʻai ma ka ʻĀpana Hema ʻElepa Honua.

Hōʻuluʻo waena waena

1. "Bentena" - nā peninsular me nā ʻāpana oval a me kahi mea kanu i ka lā 80-95 lā. Ke kaupaona nei nā paila a he 52 mau kekona i nā paina ʻulaʻula, kū mau i ka pala a i ka holo ʻana. Ua kūpono ka mākaʻikaʻi kiʻekiʻe no ka kanu ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. Noi ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā wahi a pau o ka'āina.
2. ʻO "Siberian Amber" kahi moʻomeheu ʻelua makahiki ʻelua kūpono no ka ulu ʻana ma nā mahiʻai homestead. ʻO ka ulu ulu ʻana o ka laʻa he 55-60 lā. ʻO nā ʻōpala pālahalaha he nui ka 28-30 mau grama a me nā unahi keleawe-keleawe. I loko o ka pūnana mai ka 6 a 8 mau kukui.
3. ʻPlepole Ural - nā penikala penikala me nā unahi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. He kūpono no ka ulu ʻala ʻala. ʻO ke kaupaona o kēlā me kēia poʻo i ka lāki 58. Hoʻolaʻa ka ʻano like ʻole, he kū i ka pala a me ka pana ʻana. Noi ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā wahi a pau o ka'āina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kumulā e ulu ana

E ulu i kahi mea kanu, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻāina pīpī me kahi hopena ʻole e pono ai. Manaʻo nā māla akamai i ka kanu ʻana i nā aniani ma hope o nā kukama, nā ʻokato, ka ʻuala, ka ʻuala a me nā legumes.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale a hana i nā mea hoʻomehana. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole e emi iki nā mea kanu i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi like ʻole.

Rwa spore kauka i ka nui o nā mea kanu.

• 20-30 cm no nā ʻōpala nui;
• 15-18 - no ka ʻokoʻa;
• 8-10 - no nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi.

ʻAʻole pinepine ʻia nā kanu kanu ʻana, no ka mea ʻo ka nui o ka wā e hiki mai ana e hilinaʻi ʻia ma kahi o ka meaʻai.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hana ʻia nā moena ma luna o nā moena ʻO 5-6 kn mauʻu hohonue mokulele maikaʻi ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokaumaha. Kīpī ʻia nā ipu i kanu ʻia me nā 2-3 kenimika o ka honua. Ke kanu nei, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia me ka hohonu hohonu, hiki ke hoʻomau nā wana.

Ke kanu nei i nā kakala i ka pūnāwai

Pono nā kanu o ke kanu ma nā wai mua. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili, ua kanu ʻia i ka hopena o ka puna a i ka hopena paha, ʻaʻole ia i maʻala i ka wā lōʻihi a mālama paʻa ʻole ia.

ʻO ka kūpono kūpono no ka ʻāina hoʻoili i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i hoʻomaka paha o Mei. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻāla maikaʻi ka lepo a ua lawa ka māhu i loko o ia mea no nā hua lāʻau e aʻa. E ulu ʻia nā pana i nā lā 10-14 lā.

Ke kanu nei i nā ʻōpala i ka hopena o ka puna, i ka wā e maloʻo ai ka hoʻomoʻa a hoʻena ʻia kona pā ʻana, hiki ke ulu mai nā pua ma hope o 20-30 mau lā wale nō. I ka ʻāina maloʻo i ka wā wela ulu wikiwiki nā lauma mua o nā aʻa, ke piʻo nei ka mode photoperiodic, ma muli o ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa i ka wā e ʻoma.

Ke kanu nei i nā kakaka i ka hāʻule

I ka koho ʻana i nā hua hau meli-maikaʻi me kahi hapa haʻahaʻa o ke pana ʻana, ma ka lua a i ʻole ʻekolu o Kepakemapa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā ʻōpala no ka hoʻoilo.

Loaʻa ma pono o ka kanu lūlū:

• ʻaʻole pono ke kahu o ka mea kanu;
• ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā kanu kanu, ua ʻā nā ʻōpala i mua o nā lā 10-12;
• ka mea kanu i ka ʻālaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mālama wai i ka puna wai i mea e pono ai ka hoʻomalu;
• ke hōʻiliʻili nei i ka greens hiki i ka hapa mua o Iune.

Mālama mālama

ʻAʻole pono ka moʻomeheu i ka make pinepine ʻana. I ka wā maloʻo, pono ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoulu ʻia o ka lāʻau ke puka i nā wā uila, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hopena o Mei. I ka awelika, ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau wai e koi ʻia no kēlā me kēia makahiki.

I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā lālani e pono ʻaihui a me ke kanu. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka ulu o nā lau, e kōkua kēia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hua o ka ʻaliki lele.

Makemake ʻo Shallot i ka loleʻaʻahu luna, e pono ʻia e hana i ka waena o Iune. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōpala manu (1:15), ka infusion o manure (1:10) a i ʻole mineral fertilizers (40 mau pākēnū no 10 lita o ka wai).

E hoʻolilo i ka nui o nā kukui, ʻūpiki i nā nests i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i kā lākou āpauwaiho he ʻekolu a ʻehā i ʻala. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka kanu ʻana a me ka hānai i nā mea kanu i kēia manawa o ka manawa. Me ka nui o ka wai a me ka momona i ka waena o ke kauwela, e hoʻomau wale ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lau, a maloʻo nā ʻōpala.

A hiki i ka pua ke ulu i 10 mau kenimika, pono lākou e ʻoki ʻia ma ka puka o ka sinus. Inā ʻaʻole, e ulu mau ka māhuahua.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻili

I ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o Iulai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻano lōmua, a ma o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake i ka waena o ka ʻāpala a me nā waena o ka ʻanuʻu melemele, ua hoʻomaka nā lau e moe. He hōʻailona kēia no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka lohi i hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ke ola noho o nā pulu.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana i nā hua mua e pono ai ma ka hopena o ka lua o ka makahiki o Iulai, a me nā koena ʻai - i nā makahiki mua o ʻAukake. He lāʻau maikaʻi ʻo Shallot, no laila, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia e haʻalele i nā ʻoka pua i ka puka o ka lā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka hua ma lalo o kahi canopy.

I ka makahiki, e hoʻokau ka hua i kāna mau waiwai nui ke mālama ʻia i kahi hoʻokaʻawale iki o 60-70% a i ka mahana mai 0C a + 10C. ^ E Ha yM. Pono e mālama i nā mea kanu i kahi mahana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe aʻe a + 20С.

Mahalo i nā aniani ʻona liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu ʻono mua, mahalo ʻia nā ʻōpala i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka moʻomeheu i hōʻikeʻia e nā meaʻai momona kiʻekiʻe a me nā hiʻohiʻona lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā ʻōlani. ʻO Beot ka mea punahele punahele ma ka papa ʻaina Farani. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka meaʻai i nā puka hou a me ka ʻili, a me nā mea ʻono ʻole i ka palaoa o ka iʻa, nā moa, nā mea kanu, nā aniani.