ʻO ka Pelekane kapa iā Ginkgo "kahi kumu o ka lauoho girlish" no ka mea ua launa pū lākou i kona mau lau me nā lau o ka adiantum fern, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "venereal hair." I Kelemānia, ua kapa ʻia kēia lāʻau i ka lāʻau "Goethe." ʻO ka poeta maikaʻi loa, makemake i ka botani, hoʻolaʻa i kahi mele na ia.
Ginkgo bilobate. © CayambeʻAʻole lākou i waiho mau mea ʻole i ka ginkgo a me ka Palani. A haʻi lākou iā "lāʻau no ke kanahā eka." Ua loaʻa ia i kahi inoa ʻano ʻē aʻe e mahalo ai i ka huaʻāina o Petigny, aia ma ʻEnelani i 1780 ua kūʻai i ka pā me nā hua ʻelima, ua kūʻai lākou iā ia i nā kālā kālā he 40 no kēlā me kēia.
ʻAiʻA ka poʻe ʻAmelika makemake i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka dinosaurs i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā ma ginkgo. Ma nā māla botanika US ua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻia nā mea hoʻonani mai nā lau kumulima dinosaur i wae ʻia e nā malihini. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hānai ʻia lākou me kahi hopena kūikawā, uhi ʻia i ka ʻūhā - a i kēia manawa ua mākaukau paha i kahi manawa kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā pepeiao pepeiao. Olioli i kanaka, kālā i ka māla.
Ginkgo (Ginkgo) - ka mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Rod i ka nānā aku o kēia lā Ginkgo bilobate (Ginkgo biloba) ke ʻano Ginkgoids (monotypic class)Ginkgoopsida), ʻo ka mea hoʻokahi i ka mahele Ginkgoid (Ginkgophyta).
ʻO ka mea i kēia manawa hou, i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau he nui mai nā lau o ginkgo tanakan, memoplant, bilobil, gigobil, ginkgo forte a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā phytotherapist a i ʻole nā mea lapaʻau ke wehewehe maʻamau i ke ʻano o kāna mea kanu. A he ʻokoʻa ka poʻe botani, ʻike paha kekahi poʻe i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o Ginkgo - kahi lāʻau relict nani, kahi manawa o nā dinosaurs, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi.
Ginkgo bilobate. © ʻO GinkgotreeGinkgo - kahi lua ola
ʻO ia ka mea i kapa ʻia e Charles Darwin ʻo Ginkgo. Ua ola kēia mea kanu i kahi miliona miliona i kēlā makahiki i hala i ka wā i holo aku ai nā mea kanu hānai ma waena o nā holetoa, nā a me nā kumulāʻau. A inā ʻaʻole no ka makahiki hau, hiki i kēia manawa nā mea kanu prehistoric e ulu a ulu aʻe. Akā he 80 miliona mau makahiki i hala, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu a make, e komo pū me nā ginkgo, me ke ʻano ʻole o kekahi ʻano.
ʻO Ginkgo biloba e ola nei (Ginkgo biloba) kahi mea hoihoi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea ulu o nā mea kanu. Wahi a nā paʻi paʻi ma nā pōhaku, ua hiki i ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki i ke loiloi pehea e loli ai ke ʻano o kona mau lau. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he lāʻau palaʻa ia mai ka manawa Mesozoic - ʻo ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō i lilo ai nā lau lāʻau pelika i nā papa mea hana kihi, ua pili pono ia i nā ʻāpana a me nā puna (gymnosperms).
ʻO Binkai Ginkgo. © kepona1066 ™Loaʻa ka ʻike
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau hou no ka ʻepekema i ka makahiki 1690 ma Iapana. ʻO Engelbert Kempfer, ke kauka ma ka Emepona Holani ma Nagasaki, ua lilo ʻo ia i makemake i ka lāʻau me nā lau ʻokoʻa e like me nā haole Kepani. Nā hua liʻiliʻi melemele-silvery i hoʻopili aʻe i kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi o ka aila rancid. Ma nā hale kūloko o ka'āina ua kūʻai aku i kāna mau hua, kahi a ka poʻe Iāpana i hoʻopulu mua i ka wai paʻakai e hoʻonāwī ai i ka mea ʻāʻī, a laila ʻā ʻia a ʻū ʻole. ʻO E. Kempfer wehewehe i ka lāʻau a kapa iā ia ʻo Ginkgo (ginkgo), ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka inoa Kepani o ka hua, Yin-kwo (yin-quo), ʻo ia ka apricot kālā.
Ginkgo - kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe deciduous (a hiki i ka 30 m) me ka ʻenehana pyramidal a hoʻolaha paha. He hina ke kumu, hina, uhi ʻia me nā paikini ka lōʻihi ma ka pākeke. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻala, ʻo ka lāʻau, e like me nā conifers o kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me lākou, ʻaʻohe kā ginkgo. ʻO nā lau ia mau ʻano like me ka like me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kapa, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā lepana ʻelua, he ʻulaʻula, akā ʻano haʻalulu. I ka wā hoʻoili, ma mua o ka hāʻule o ka lau, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kāleka melemele gula maikaʻi.
ʻO ka mea kanu dioecious, wahine wahine a me nā kāne ma nā lāʻau like ʻole. Hoʻomaka ʻo Ginkgo e pua e hala i ka wā makahiki, i nā makahiki 25-30, i ka Mei-Iune. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia e ka makani, ma hope o ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana, ua hoʻonā ʻia nā hua like me nā drupes me nā membraes kino, kahi i ka lā i kā Nowemapa i peʻe ai i ka hina-hina a ʻulaʻula paha.
Nā lau GinkgoMai kahi ʻāina liʻiliʻi - a i ka Old a me New World.
Ma Kina, Korea a me Iapana, ua ʻike ʻia ka ginkgo mai ka manawa o ka lōʻihi. I kēia mau lāʻau i nā kūlana kūlohelohe (ma ke anuanu, nalo ke anuanu) ua ola wale nō ma ka'āina liʻiliʻi ma East China, i nā mauna Tien Mu Shan. Pono ka mamao o kā lākou mau lāʻau he 1.5-2 m, a ʻo kahi kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka 40 m. Ua hōʻike nā ʻepekema kanaka e pili ana nā relics i kahi haneli 2000 makahiki mau makahiki.
ʻO nā kānakaʻepekema Europa, akahi wale nō me nā paʻi ginkgo ma luna o nā pōhaku, ʻike mua i nā mea ola i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 18. ʻO ka mea mua, ua puka nā mea kanu ma ʻEulopa Komohana, ma nā māla botanika o Utrecht a me Milan, a laila ma ʻEnelani a laila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ka wā mua, lawe mai nā lāʻau hou i nā pilikia nui. Ma Montpellier (Palani) ua pua nā ʻōpū wahine, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokū i ka hua, a nui ka moemoe e kanu i nā ginkgo i loko o kā lākou māla. ʻAʻole koke mākou i haʻalele i kēia hiʻona: no ka manawa lōʻihi ua nānā mākou i lālā no ka pale ʻana mai kekahi lāʻau kāne a loaʻa wale iā ʻEnelani.
No ka mea mua, puka kahi mea kanu i ka Nikitsky Botanical Garden i ka makahiki 1818. Ua hopu maikaʻi nā lāʻau, ulu a hua i ka hua o ka Caucasus a hiki i ka ʻākau. Loaʻa ka Ginkgo ma nā māla botanika o nā USSR ma mua.
I kēia manawa hiki iā Muscovites ke ʻike i ka ginkgo ma ka papa ākea ma ka māla Botanical Maikaʻi o ka Lūkini Kūʻai ʻo Lūkia a ma ka Botanical Garden o Moscow Agricultural Academy i kapa ʻia ma hope iho K.A. Timiryazeva, a ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo - i VILAR, i nā hōʻike hōʻike bonsai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ka māla o nā mea kanu i kahi kokoke i Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod a me nā wahi ʻo Bryansk.
ʻO nā ovules wahine o ginkgo bilobate ma nā wāwae. © H. Zell 
ʻO nā spikelets kāne ginkgo bilobate. © ʻO Marcin Kolasinski 
Nā lau, nā hua a me nā huaʻai o ka bilobate ginkgo. © Koba-chanKe hoʻopakele nei i nā lau o ginkgo
Loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ke waena wale o ka kenekulia 20. Ma ka manawa like, ua hilinaʻi nui nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka lāʻau kuʻuna pilikino. I loko o ka puke kaulana The Great Herbs, i paʻi ʻia ma Kina i ka makahiki 1596, ua hoʻohālike ʻo Li Shi-zhen, no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū, ka puʻuwai, ka puʻuwai, a me ka ʻaki.
Loaʻa nā mea maʻi i loko o ka ginkgo ma mua o 40 mau mea like, i waena o nā mea nui he flavonoid glycosides (24%) a me nā terpene trilactones (6%). ʻO ia ka mea makemake nui iā mākou i kēia manawa e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka laha serebral, me ia pū ko lākou ʻepekema e hoʻopili i nā hana kūikawā o ginkgo. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā waikawa organik a me nā proanthocyanidins e hāpai i ka solubility maikaʻi o nā mea, a me nā flavonoids, nā steroid, polyprenols, wax, gula, i loaʻa i nā lau.
Akā i loko o nā huaʻehā o ka ginkgo, ʻike nā kānakaʻepekema i nā mea momona nui ma mua o nā lau. I ʻEulopa, ua hoʻohana wale ʻia lākou no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā lāʻau. I ka hana ʻana o nā mea waiʻona wai mai ka lau mai, nā manu ʻona i makemake ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā huaʻai hū ʻole o ka bilobate ginkgo. © H. Zell 
ʻO ka hua ʻala o ka bilobate ginkgo. © H. Zell 
Nā lāʻau Ginkgo i kahi ʻāpana. © Curtis ClarkHōʻike - mai ʻōpopo
Loaʻa ka ʻano kākela o Ginkgo kahi ākea ākea. Ke lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā ʻelemakule, hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, emi ka naʻau, a me ka hiamoe. ʻO kā lākou hopena anti-inflammatory a me anti-allergic i hoʻokūkū ʻia. Mālama ke hoʻomākaukau iā Ginkgo i nā hakihaki koko, hoʻēmi i ka nānā ʻana i ke koko, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe lymph.
Kuhi aku nā kauka i nā ginkgo no ka ulia cerebrovascular, ka mea me ka maʻi ʻole, ke poʻo, ka tinnitus a me ka hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia no ka hypertension a me atherosclerosis, no nā maʻi maʻi peripheral i kūpono ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi a me ka uahi.
Loaʻa ka hopena o Ginkgo i ka kahe koko, hoʻoikaika i nā ʻōpū, nā capillaries a me nā veins. A i nā mea nani - e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻili o ke kino, hoʻoikaika i ka lauoho, a kōkua e hōʻemi i ka paona. ʻAʻole hāʻawi i nā hopena mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau kahiko.
Nā hua kanu Ginkgo. © H. Zell 
Nā lāʻau kanu ginkgo bilobaPehea e ulu ai i ka ginkgo?
Kāleʻa ʻo Ginkgo i nā lepo, makemake nui i nā wahi pīhoihoi a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka hau hauʻe - hiki ke kūpaʻa i kahi pākeke pōkole ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30 °. No ka ulu maikaʻi, pono ka lāʻau palupalu i ka lāʻau, akā, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka stagnation o ka wai. Ma waena o Rūsia, pono ke uhi pono i ka ginkgo no ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke ala, loaʻa wale nā lāʻau i loko o kahi ulu lāʻau a ulu ulu maikaʻi loa. Ma kahi o kaʻoluʻolu o ke anuanu, ulu nā mea kanu i ka 15 mika a hoʻomau mau i ka hua. ʻO kēia ka ʻano o nā lāʻau ma Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus.
ʻOi ka pīhoihoi i ʻike i nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ke kūlohelohe kahiko loa i pale aku i ka uahi ʻenehana, nā maʻi maʻi ʻehā maʻi. ʻAʻohe iki lākou i ka maʻiʻino.
Hoʻonani ʻia ʻo Ginkgo e ka hua a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kulu ʻia i ka hopena o ʻApelila ma ka ʻāina ulu o ka mea hānai, kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu no 2 mau makahiki.
No ka hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui, hoʻonui ʻia nā hua ginkgo no ʻekolu mau mahina ma kahi mahana o 3-5 °. I ka hopena o ka makahiki mua, ua kanu nā hua he 12-15 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. I ke kolu o ka makahiki, ua kanuʻia lākou ma kahi mau. Haalele: ke kūleʻa luna, ke kala ʻana, ka lau, ka hoʻoinu ʻana.
Hiki i ka hua kanu nā ginkgo me nā ʻokiʻoni a me ka lignified, me nā wīwī mai nā ʻōpala a me nā aʻa. ʻAno ʻōpō nā ʻokiʻoki, no laila e pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu. He mea nui loa ke ʻano o nā ʻano hanaola no ke mālama ʻana i nā ʻano loea, nui ākea.
Mea i hoʻohana ʻia:
- N. Fadeev, Researcher, VILAR
- A. Efremov, ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka nūpepa "Nā lāʻau lapaʻau"
