Blackcurrant - kāʻili ʻo ke olakino

E pili ana i nā kumu mōʻaukala ʻike ʻia aia ma Rūsia i ke kenekulia XI. Ua ulu kēia moʻomeheu i nā māla monastery o Novgorod a me Pskov. ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i ia mea he moʻomeheu hōʻola i ʻike mua ʻia i loko o ka poʻe herbalists a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā kenekulia XV-XVI. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā māla Lūkia o ka mokuahi o Moscow e pili kokoke ana i ka kanu ʻia o nā currants ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa nā ʻeleʻele lapalapa i nā nui ma nā kapa o ka muliwai o Moscow. Ma ke ala, e like me kekahi moʻolelo o nā waha wahaheʻe, ʻo ka inoa kahiko loa o ka muliwai Moskva ʻo Smorodinovka. Nui nā palapala moʻaukala hanana e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomaka a me ka waena o ka XVII ken. ua noho ka mea kanu o ka blackcurrant ma kahi nui i loko o nā māla kokoke i Moscow.

Laulau (lat.Ríbes nígrum) - nā puʻupuʻu deciduous, kekahi ʻano o ka henus Currant (Ribes) o ka ʻohana gooseberry monotypic (Grossulariaceae).

ʻO Blackcurrant kekahi o nā huaʻai aloha loa.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili i nā momona maikaʻi, ua waiwai nui ka blackcurrant no ke olakino o ke kino. Ma muli o kāna mau ho'ōlaola, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka blackcurrant i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nā kānaka no ka hoʻomehana therapeutic a me prophylactic.

He moʻomeheu maʻamau ʻo Blackcurrant. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e nā Helene kahiko a me Roma.

I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻāina nui loa o nā māla i kēia moʻomeheu.

Hōʻike ʻia nā hua o nā currant ʻeleʻele i kahi mea waiwai kūmole koʻikoʻi - ua momona lākou i nā huaora, nā microelements a me nā mea hoʻohui pū biologically active, gula, waikawa organik, pectin, tannins, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.

Ka nui o nā hua o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o ka blackcurrant ma kahi ʻano nui koʻikoʻi - mai 1.8 a 4.36%. ʻO nā hua waina me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ʻo Cantata 50, Pilot Alexander Mamkin, Belorusskaya Sweet a Minai Shmyrev. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa, e like me ke kānāwai, loaʻa nō hoʻi kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kō, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hua.

Kahi na lālā o ka hui i hōʻike ʻia e citric, loaʻa pū kekahi, oxalic (liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi), paracumar. Loaʻa i ka Sugar ka nui o ka fructose, ka liʻiliʻi o ka glucose a me ka sucrose. I nā huaʻai a hiki i ka 3% fiber. Ke kuke nā huaʻai, hoʻēmi ka ʻikepili o nā mea pectin a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā haʻalena gula. ʻO nā carotenoids i nā hua currant liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO nā ʻike o ka B-carotene ʻoi loa (provitamin A) kahi he 0.08-0.11 mg / 100 g ke kaupaona momona o ka hua blackcurrant.

Nui nā hua i nā huaora E (0.72 mg / 100 g), keu loa i nā hua āpau a me nā huaʻai, me kaʻole o ka buckthorn moana, cloudberries, rose hips a chokeberry aronia. 100 g nā huaʻai hou he 0.86 mg o ka vitama K.

ʻO nā hua a me nā lau blackcurrant kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka vitamina C. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻololi nā ʻano o ka acid ascorbic i nā huaʻai a hilinaʻi ma nā mea he nui: ʻano like ʻole, nā kūlana o ke ʻano o ka wā e ulu ana, nā mea kanu, ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wā e ulu ai ka hua, nā hana pāmu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huaʻai i nā huaora C, aʻo lākou i ka minamina, hoʻemi ka hana a C-hua i lalo a hāʻule maoli paha i ka wā e pau ka hua ʻana o ka hua.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke ao, ʻūlū wela me ka nui o ka ua, inā paha i ka hopena o Iune a me ka hapalua mua o Iulai, i hōʻino ʻole i ka ʻike o ka ascorbic acid i nā hua waina.

ʻO nā lau ʻōpio i hōʻiliʻili ma hope o ka pua ʻana, aia i ka 400 mg / 100 g o ka huaora C, e like me ka hoʻokumu a me ka ʻūhū ʻana i nā hua i hoʻohiki ʻia i ka hana C-hua o nā lau. Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua mā, ʻike ʻia nā 1 / 9-1 / 16 o ka nui o ka nui o ka huaora C i loko o nā lau.

ʻO nā huaora'ē aʻe, e like me B1, B2, PP, B6, folic acid, pantothenic acid, etc., ua loaʻa ʻia nā huaʻai i nā hua liʻiliʻi.. ^ E Ha yM. Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia aia wale nō ka pantothenic acid i loko o kahi nui e loaʻa ai kekahi waiwai pono o ke kūlohelohe o ke kanaka (0.4 mg / 100 g). Wahi a kēia kuhikuhi, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka blackcurrant i nā hua pua, nā ʻōpala, ka buckthorn moana, redcurrants, nā huaʻoni ʻoni, nā ʻoni, nā ʻoni, nā lemona, nā hua waina, nā peaches a me kekahi mau huaʻai a me nā huaʻai.

ʻO nā hua Blackcurrant kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui o nā mea biologically ikaika o nā mea kiko o ka capillary-hoʻoikaika, anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating (antispasmodic) hana.

ʻOi aku ka lau o nā lau i kēia mau pūmū. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia he 100 g o nā lau hou i loaʻa i kēia helu o nā pūhui phenolic (ma mg): flavonols - 980-2700, catechins - 574-3320, leukoanthocyanins - 504-1320. Ua ʻike ʻia na lau blackcurrant lau o nā mea maʻamau o ka paʻakai a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā ʻano lau o nā mea kanu a me nā hua. ʻAʻole wale lākou e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala maoli o nā mea kumu, akā, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā huahana me nā mea pūnāwai a me nā huaora C.

Ke kanu ʻana

Kūʻai ʻia nā lāʻau currant ma nā kōpuna a me nā aʻa nona.

Hoʻomaka ʻia nā lua kanu 40-45cm i kahi mau pule i mua o ke kanu ʻana i hiki i ka ʻāina ke noho maikaʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka lalo o ka lua i kau ai lākou i kahi pahu o nā humus i hui ʻia me ka honua a me 100 g o ka superphosphate.

Ma waena o Rūsia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu i nā currants i ka hāʻule, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hapalua o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻopio puna. I mea e hoʻolaha ʻole ai i ka mea kanu i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili, i ka pūnāwai pono e kanu iā ia i ka hiki koke koke ʻana i ka lepo a hiki i nā pua o ka mea kanu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mamao ma waena o nā kumu i ka 1.8m. Pono ka loiloi wai e lawa ka lōʻihi e hoʻokomo pono ai i nā aʻa o ka mea kanu.

Ke kanu nei i nā currants ʻeleʻele, pono ka hohonu o ka mea kanu. Kahi ʻia ke kumu o ka huelo e 5 cm. ^ E Ha yM. Mai kēia, ʻo ka mea kanu e hoʻopuka i nā aʻa hou, a paʻa ka māhā. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka lepo, hoʻouluulu ʻia a nui ʻia me ka humus.

Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia nā hua a pau, waiho wale 2 mau pua ma luna o ka ʻāina. ^ E Ha yM. Kēia mea līlū ʻia he ʻano radical, akā he mea kōkua ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻoi ikaika a me ke ʻano o kahi ulu lāʻau maikaʻi.

Mālama

ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi nui no ka currant e hoʻohāinu ana, ka mana weed a me ka hānai.. ^ E Ha yM. He mea nui loa ka kanu i ka wā maloʻo. Hoʻopili ka currants i ka nui o ka wai i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā hua a me ko lākou ulu ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole ka i nāu nāu i ka lau mai ka currants, pono e luku ʻia.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua, pono ke hānai mau ʻia nā currants me nā mea kanu.. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā lohi, ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, 100-120 g o ka superphosphate a me 30-40 g o ka potassium chloride e hoʻohui. I ke kau mua, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo 40-50 g o nā fertilizers nitrogen. Ma hope o kēia, lawe ʻia ka mulching kūloko ʻana me kahi ʻano o ka manure a rotost. ʻAʻole kākoʻo wale ia i ka mulching, akā ke kōkua pū nō ke mālama i ka makika a pale i ka ulu lāʻau.

Kūpono ʻia ka lāʻau hua lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, maʻamau ma ka hopena o ke kulu a i ka wā mua paha. ^ E Ha yM. Ma kahi o 20% o nā wana e neʻe nei mai ka waenakonu o ka nahele e hoʻomālamalama ai a mānoʻomaʻo. A laila ma kahi o 15% o nā wana o ka pāʻelemakule e neʻe aku, a me nā lālā maʻi āpau a me nā maʻi a pau.

Leʻaleʻa

Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Blackcurrant e ka waiho ʻana, lignified a ʻokiʻoki ʻoki.

ʻO kekahi o nā hana pinepine e maʻamau ana.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana e ka papahele kuʻo ʻia ka mea i maʻalahi ʻia e hoʻohana pinepine.

Inā loaʻa ka nui o ka māla me ka hua o ka ulu ʻana, a laila hoʻohana i kēia ʻano o ka loea, i ka makahiki hoʻokahi hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā hua ikaika me kahi ʻōnaehana maikaʻi.. ^ E Ha yM. No ka huki ʻana, e ʻ eli ai lākou i kahi ulu lāʻau kokoke i nā kumu lāʻau. I ka wā mua, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kahe wai, ua hōʻoki ʻia nā wana a makahiki i ka 1/5 o ko lākou lōʻihi e hoʻōla ai i ka ulu kūwili. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pana me nā ʻaka i kālai ʻia ma lalo o nā puʻupuʻu, i hoʻomili ʻia i ka ʻāina me nā kīhā a lāʻau paha a ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia a hiki i nā lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ulu mai nā pua e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 8-10 cm.

E mālama pono i ka lālā i ka lua ma ke kūlana kūpono, ma ke kikowaena o ka lua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kaula kaula. A laila e uhi ʻia ka lua i ka lepo a hoʻoinu pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ke kauwela. Ke ʻano pono no ka huki ʻana o ka hoʻomoe lau ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hopena o Iulai a e hele mau ana mai ka hopena o ʻAukake, ʻo ia ka ʻāina momona o ka ʻāina.

I ka wā lulu, ua hoʻomoʻo ka lālā a huli i kahi ʻanoʻano piha piha me ka ʻōnaʻa ikaika a me nā lālā 2-3 ikaika. ^ E Ha yM. I kēlā hāʻule like, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā kuikahi neʻe mai ka ʻōpū ʻōpū a hoʻoili ʻia i kahi kū ʻole.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pālahalaha ʻana i nā pua me ka layering pae ʻana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka nui o nā hua kanu, no ka mea, mai kahi ulu lāʻau ikaika e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lawe i 5-7 wana.

ʻO ka pīpī e ka lignified ʻokiʻī ʻaʻole paʻakikī a hiki i ke ākea me nā māla ʻeke ākea.

I kēia hihia, ʻoluʻolu ke kino, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia nā wīwī āpau e like me ka mākeke e hoʻohana ʻia. ʻIʻokiʻoki ʻia nā mea pana i Dekemaba, ʻoiai hiki ke hōʻiliʻili iā lākou a pau kēia hoʻoilo. E hoʻolaʻa i nā ʻokiʻoki i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke eli i ka pa me ka wahie a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi lumi maloʻo kahi e pono ai e mālama i ka mahana o 0- + 5 ° C a hoʻokau aku i ka ea. Ma kekahi ala ʻē aʻe o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻokiʻoki ma hope o ka hōʻoki ʻana no ka manawa pōkole, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kaʻe i loko o ka wai, a laila e kau iā lākou i loko o ka peke aila. Mālama ʻia nā palapala i ka friji.

E ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi poʻe māla: i loko o kahi pāʻai wai, e hana i nā puka ma ke aniani o ka ʻokiʻī, hoʻopili iā lākou, e hoʻopaʻa pū i nā ʻāpana, e kāʻei iā lākou me ka lole lepo, a laila pepa.

Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i ka pūnāwai i ka hiki loa i ka moena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā lālani pae 20 cm a me kahi mamao o 15 cm ma ka laina, a ma hope iho i kanu ai ua kau lākou i nā kāpili me ka inoa o nā ʻano. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona mai ka foil konumele papa meaʻai.

He mea maʻalahi ke kākau iā lākou me ka peni pōkole, nā leka aihue (kuli i ke ʻōlohelohe, ka indelible, non-wetting a ʻaʻole hoʻi e maloʻo i ka inoa o ka inoa me ka inoa o ke ao "kūmau".

Mai ka lālani o Iune a hiki i ka hapalua o ʻAukake, hiki ke hoʻomāliʻi ʻia o nā hua pua ʻeleʻele e nā pua ʻala, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoihana ʻo Iune ke maikaʻi. No ka ʻokiʻoki ʻoni, hoʻohana ʻia nā pua lateral, kahi i hoʻopau i kā lākou ulu a hana i ka pua apical.

Hiki ke kanu i nā ʻoki i ka mahina i loko i ka wā o ka ʻohi a me ka wā mua. ^ E Ha yM. No ka kanuʻana i ka pūnāwai, ʻokiʻoki ʻia 18-20 cm lōʻihi e hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ʻOkakopa, i.e. i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau nui, hiki iā ia ke luku aku i nā kolo o ka currant. Lawe ʻia lākou mai nā pua ulu a ulu mai ke kumu a i ʻoki ʻia ma nā lālā ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kauwela. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i kaʻokiʻoki mai waena o ka pana. ʻO kā lākou mānoanoa o 8-10 mm. Ma hope koke o ka ʻoki ʻana, hoʻopau ʻia nā kihi ʻelua o ka shank i loko o kahi māla lau a i ʻole ka paraffin. Me kēia hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e nalowale i ka ea i ka wā e waiho ai. A laila e kāwili ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻano ʻano, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kāpili, hoʻopili mua ʻia i ka pepa i hoʻohuihui ʻia, a laila i loko o ka ʻeke pepa, kanu ʻia a mālama ʻia i loko o ka hau a hiki i ke kanu ʻana. Hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi frihe i home ma kahi pā ma lalo o kahi manuahi.

I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, kanu ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōpio ma o ka pālahalaha e ka lignified a me nā pua ʻalaʻala i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi moena e ulu ai. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea kanu me nā hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lā mahana, i ke waena o ʻApelila. ʻO ka transplant i loko o kahi wā hope aku ka ʻoi loa ka hana ma ke ao anu. Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ke kumumanaʻo 40 x 50 cm, nui ka wai, a ma ka lā aniani lākou e pua ʻia.

Nui ka poʻe māla hānā, i ka wā e ulu nei i ka blackcurrant ma nā mahiʻai homestead, ʻaʻole wale nō e pili i ka ʻenehana o nā ʻano mua o nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i kēia hōʻoki, hoʻokolohua me nā hoʻomohala hou e nā ʻepekema, akā hoʻohana pū nō i kā lākou iho. ^ E Ha yM. E nānā iā lākou, e ʻimi e ʻike, a ʻike ʻoe i nā hopena, e hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻōlelo lokomaikaʻi o ka poʻe i hāʻawi i ko lākou mau ʻike.

Nā Manuia

Kālaka hana

Ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka ʻūhā ʻana, ka lehulehu. He lōʻihi ke kuahiwi, pālahalaha waena. ʻO nā hua ʻona pōkole, ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻōpū maʻamau, ʻono a me ka paʻakai, he awelika o 1.4 kekona. ʻO ke ʻano he hau kaohi, ka maʻi ʻeha a me nā hōʻino ʻia e nā pōpoki.

Gulliver

Hoʻopule ʻōpiopio, kumu kumu. Ua nui ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ke kāwili kai he pōpō, me ka paona awelika o 1,7 g, ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka ʻōpū papalāʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻono a me nā ono momona. He paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo.

Kupalinka

Hoʻopule ʻia nā wā waena. He rahi ka nui, nā pālahalaha ʻana. Pono nā huaʻī, ʻeleʻele, me ka paona awela o 0.95 g, me ka ʻōwili pālahalaha dim-medium. He paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo. Ua poino ʻia nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki.

Nā ʻaole

ʻO ke kumu holoʻokoʻa, hoʻomaka mua. ʻO ka lāʻau i waena-lōʻihi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻai, aneane ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻopa ʻawaʻawa, momona a maloʻo hoʻi, me kahi ʻono, me nā momona ʻono, ke kumu awelika o 1.8 g.

Zusha

Hoʻopule maoli, hoʻohana maʻamau. He rahi ka nui, nā pālahalaha ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua hua i ke aniani, me ka paona awelika o 1,9 g, aneane ʻeleʻele me ka ʻāʻī o nā ʻala, a me ka momona ʻono. ʻO ka pale e kūleʻa i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūlike i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki.

Kipiana

Hoʻomaka nā wā waena, hoʻohana honua. He rahi ka nui, nā pālahalaha ʻana. ʻO nā hua paʻakai me ka paona awelika o 1,2 g, puni, aneane ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻili o ke anuanu maʻamau, momona a me ka momona momona. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka pale i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, e komo pū ka pūpū kolu.

Oryol serenade

Hoʻopule ʻōpiopio, kumu kumu. He rahi ka nui, nā pālahalaha ʻana. Nā hua ʻona me ke kaupaona awelika o 1,9 g, mea puni-ʻuʻu, ʻeleʻele. Ua ʻono kēlā me ka momona, me ka ʻono. Kūʻokoʻa ka ʻano like i nā maʻi ʻoi, ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī ke anu.

Barricade

ʻO ka wā moena waena, kahi manaʻo o ka honua. Ikaika ka lāʻau, ākea pālahalaha. ʻO nā hua kāwili, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ka pona, me nā pakanā i ʻōlaʻomaʻo, ʻono a me ka ʻono, me ke kumu pākahi o 1.3 g.

Elevesta

Hoʻopule ʻōpiopio, kumu kumu. He lōʻihi ke kuahiwi, pālahalaha waena. ʻO nā hua kāwili, ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻili āpau, nā momona ʻono, me kahi momona ʻono, ʻo ke kaumaha o 1,3 g. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i pā ʻia e nā maʻi a ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻia e nā pōpilikia.

Caraidel

ʻO ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, wa-waena o ka wā wā e hele ai. He rahi ka nui, nā pālahalaha ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua, aneane ʻeleʻele, me ka lemescence liʻiliʻi, ʻono a me ka ʻono, me ke koʻikoʻi he 1.4 g.

Nā mea hou hou.

ʻO nā mea pono nui o nā ʻano blackcurrant hou kahi ala kūpono o ka ulu lāʻau, nui-fruited, maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o nā huaʻa a me ke kūʻē i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi.

Nā helu mākaʻi.

Selechinskaya 2- hikiʻole ke kūwele-maloʻo. Kūʻē i nā maʻi o ka maʻi, mālama ʻo ia i nā lau a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule. ʻO ka huahana o 4-5 kg mai kahi lāʻau. Ikaika ka lāʻau, hoʻopau. Nui loa ka huaʻaola (2.9-5.5 g).

Nā helu waena.

Dubrovskaya - nā maʻi hoʻoilo like ʻole, he pale ʻole i ka pua mites, medium resistant i ka anthracnose, pale ʻole i ka terry. ʻO ka huahana o 3 kg mai kahi lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau, kompact.Nā hua ʻai o ka pā nui.
Dobrynya- pale i ka hiʻona a me ka hau hau. Hoʻomoʻa loa i ka pauku wili, nā pale kūlohelohe i anthracnose a me nā mites kidney. ʻAkahi ka lāʻau, hoʻopau. Nui loa nā hua.
Perun- pale i ka make i ka hau, ka hau; medium pale i ka lolo ʻōpala, anthracnose, mite keiki, nā aphids i hoʻopili iki ʻia. ʻO ka huahana o 3-4 kg mai kahi lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻano lāʻau i ke pālahalaha, semi-hoʻolalaha. ʻO nā hua nui he nui me kahi momona ikaika.

Nā helu waena-pae.

Vologda - ka wā hoʻoilo, kūleʻa i ka pale ʻōpala, kūpaʻa e kūleʻa i nā moʻo, hiki ke ʻalo. ʻO ka huahana o 3-4 kg mai kahi lāʻau. Ua nui ka lāʻau, ua nui ka hua, ʻaʻole ka ʻala i ka manawa like.
Katyusha - ka wā hoʻoilo, kū kūpaʻa i ka anthracnose, kūmau i ka pulupulu ʻāwili, ʻāpono i nā mites kidney. Ikaika ka nahele, pālahalaha iki aku. ʻO nā hua nui he nui, me kahi paʻu koʻikoʻi.
Lawai kapu- hua mua. ʻO ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī. Kū'ē i kahi ʻāpana ʻōpala a me nā mite o ka kidney, medium resistant i Septoria, pākia i kahi anthracnose. Ka huahana o ka 2.4-3.5 kg i ka lāʻau āpau. Ikaika ka lāʻau, ākea pālahalaha. Nui loa nā hua.
Keen - He kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī. Kūleʻa i ka pale i ka pala, hakakā, mite, medium pale i ka anthracnose. ʻO ka huahana o 3-4 kg mai kahi lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻano lāʻau i ke pālahalaha, semi-hoʻolalaha. ʻO ka nui loa o nā ʻano leʻa hope (nā paʻakai ka paona a 7,8 g), akā ma ke ala waena ʻaʻole nui nā hua nui.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi

ʻO ka lemant hua mite

E hōʻino ana i ka ʻeha ma lalo o ka blackcurrant. Hoʻopau nā wahine i ka ʻōpū i loko o nā keiki. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hāʻule i loko o kahi kikoʻī a hohū ʻia. I ke kakahiaka, i ka manawa o ka huehue ʻana i nā pūpū, e hoʻomaka ana ka palaoa hua, e mau ana no hoʻokahi mahina. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana, make nā wahine hoʻoilo. Ma hope o 1-2 mau pule, e hānai ana nā huaʻai mai nā hua huaʻai, kahi e hānai ʻia i loko o nā palupalu, 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hatching, ua huli ka palaki i nā wahine.

Nā hana ʻohi. Me kahi nāwaliwali o nā mea kanu me kahi māka ma mua o ka hāwī ʻana o nā pua, e nānā pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau 2-3, me ka wehe ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole nā pua. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hakakā i ke kua pepeha ʻo ka manawa o kā lākou neʻe ʻana, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua a hiki i ka hopena o ka pua. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 2 mau manawa e hoʻoweliweli ʻia me 10% malathion (75 g no 10 l o ka wai), ka ʻūpū colloidal (50-100 g no 10 l o ka wai) inā he pālaʻi ka ea ma luna o 20 °. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pīpī i ka infusions o ka walnut peel, tapaa, dandelion, ke kāleka.

ʻO ka pīpī pana pīpī

E hōʻino ana i nā lau ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopau ka hua hua ma ke kumu o nā keiki. I ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa o ka hanu ʻana o ke keiki, ka ʻōkuhi huluhulu mai ka hua, e holo ana i luna o ka pūpū a hoʻomaka e ʻai i nā lau i kū ʻole ʻia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu pana, ua hānai ka pipi i nā hua ʻōpio, nā lau petioles, a ma nā lau iā lākou iho. I ka pūnāwai, hāʻawi nā aphids i 3-4 mau hanauna. Kūleʻa nā ʻihi pīpī a ulu a maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻopau paha i ka ulu.

Ma kahi o ka pana maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kolo o nā lau ʻalani me nā kolone aphid. I kahi wā mua o ka pōʻino, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana o nā aphids e ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻalā ma nā wana, e hānai ana i ka hōʻea o ka pūpū. I ke kauwela, hele nā aphids i ka mau lau, a ma ka lā hemo lākou e hoʻi ana i ka currants a waiho i ka hua.

Nā hana ʻohi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka laupili me ka ʻōuli o nā lau mua i ka infusion o ka tabako, ke kāleka, ka ʻoni ʻoni, nā huaʻai. Hoʻomaka hou ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma hope o 10 mau lā. ʻO nā ʻāpana keu o nā pua me nā ʻāpana aphid i ʻoki a hoʻopau ʻia.

Lōpala gooseberry

Hoʻopilikia kekahi i nā hua currant ma kahi e ulu ai kēia mea kanu. ʻO ka pupae overwinter i loko o ka pīkoi kūlāʻau i ka papahele o ka ʻāina, ma kahi hohonu o 3-6 cm, ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ma ka radius o 30-35 cm mai ke kumu o ka lāʻau. I ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka pua, neʻe kokoke ka pupae i ka ʻāina, huli i loko o nā pua i lele a lele i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e waiho i nā hua i ka hoʻomaka o ka pua. Hoʻokomo mua ka wahine i nā hua ma mua o nā pua, a laila ma nā pua currant a ma hope o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio a me nā lau. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, e hānai aku nei nā anuʻi mai nā huaʻai, a kau i nā hua i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ʻai i nā hua a me ka ʻāpana hapa i loko o lākou no hoʻokahi mahina. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua i pōʻino ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpala, nū ʻōlohelohe, ʻōpala, maloʻo a paʻa hoʻi ma ke kau ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. Hiki i ka pua hānai ʻai me ka cobweb i ke kumu o ka lāʻau, komo i ka lepo, nā haumana a noho mau i ka ʻano o kahi pupa a hiki i ke puna o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. No kekahi manawa, ulu ke ahi i hoʻokahi hanauna.

Nā hana ʻohi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻEnehana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. I ka hāʻule, e ʻeli nei i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻomaka ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau me ka peat, humus, honua (ʻokoʻa 6-8 cm kiʻekiʻe). Ma hope o ka pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i ka mulch. I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ovary, e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua o ka web-braided me nā ʻili lau a luku.

Palauika ʻulaʻula blackcurrant

Hoʻopilikia wale ia i ka blackcurrant. ʻO ka puna i ka lauʻau i ka hoʻoilo i ka niu i ka lepo ma lalo o kahi pua. I ka wā ulu o ka ulu nui, lele nā pākeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine i hua i hoʻokahi manawa ma ke kumu o ka nui o nā ovaries. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā kukua waha i nā huaʻai i loko o nā ovaries, e hoʻopiha ana i nā huaʻaʻai me nā excrement. ʻO nā hua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia he ʻano leehao, i pena ʻia ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele. Mālama ka anuhe no 25-30 mau lā. Ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana, ʻohi ʻo ia i ka lua a puni ke kumu o ka ʻula, waiho a hele ia i ka lepo. Hāʻule ka ʻili. I ka wā hānai, e hāʻawi ka mea pōpilikia i kekahi hanauna.

Nā hana ʻohi like me nā pūhaka gooseberry.

Nā spider mite maʻamau

ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo Omnivore e hānai nei. ʻAʻole ʻino ia e kanu ai i nā mea kanu, akā, nā lau nahele, ma ke kaʻina nui ma luna o lākou. E hōʻino nui ʻia ia i nā blackcurrants.

Hoʻomau nā wahine i nā pūʻulu, ʻoi loa ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule, ma kahi hale kanu i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā lālā lāʻau, ma lalo o nā ʻōpū o ka lepo a ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule. Hiki i nā ʻoki ke kū i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - a i -34o, a no ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻōhua like ma lalo o ka uhi o ka hau, ola nā wahine. I ka makahiki i hala o ʻApelila, i nā lā mahana, ua neʻe nā kuki i nā lālā o nā currant a me nā lau.

Noho lākou, e hānai a hoʻoulu ma ka lalo o nā lau nui mua, a me nā hōʻuluʻulu nui a hōʻino wale lākou i nā lau ʻōpio.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka spider mite ma ka hele ʻana o kahi pūnaewele spider ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau; Me nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi, lilo ka lau i ka chlorotic, mahele ʻālana, a laila brown, maloʻo a hāʻule i lalo. Hoʻomaopopo ka hana hoʻomōhala i ka pūpū i ka lā wela, ka maloʻo. I ka manawa like, hāʻule nui nā lau i ka wanaʻao, i ka waena o Iulai i mau nā pua, e ulu ana nā mea axillary e ulu ana, e hoʻomaka ana i ka pīpī i nā wana a nalowale o ka hua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Nā hana ʻohi. Pono nui ka ʻenehana ʻoihana moʻomeheu, luku ʻia nā mea kanu manu. Ke kōpū ʻana o ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā lau hāʻule. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā lau i ka hāʻule ma hope o ko lākou hāʻule ʻana a me ka koho maikaʻi ʻana iā lākou mai ka funnel ma ke kumu o ka ulu lāʻau. Hoʻomoe ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau i ka radius ma kahi o 50 cm me ka maʻa, humus a i ʻole lepo wale nō me ka papa o 6-8 cm.

Lā lau aphid

Hoʻopilikia loa ia ka currants ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa hoʻi - ʻeleʻele. He melemele nā aphids makua.

ʻO ka Aphids i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi lae hua ma nā lālā. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e wehe ai i nā lau mua, ka huluhulu palau mai nā hua, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau a ʻai ma laila. Ma hope o 7-10 lā, e huli lākou i nā mea ʻimi wahine, nā mea hatch larvae, e kaʻi ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau ʻōpio o nā aphids e haki ana i ka wai wai mai nā mea kanu.

Hoʻoulu ka ʻala lau i nā wahi i hānai ai nā aphids, nā swellings (galls) a, a no nā neʻe aphid, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lau ka ʻulaʻula a laila ʻulaʻula. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka poino ma muli o nā hōʻino. Me kahi lehulehu o nā aphids, maloʻo nā lau a hāʻule i ka hāʻule, ulu ka ulu o nā pua a hoʻoemi i nā hua.

Ke hoʻomau ʻia nā lau, i ka lua o ke kauwela, lele nā malihini wahine i ka nāhelehele, kahi a lākou e hānai ai a hoʻoulu. I ka hala ʻana o ke kauwela, aneane i ka hapalua o Kepakemapa hoʻi, ua hoʻi hou nā wahine i ke currant, e waiho i nā hua hoʻoilo, a laila e make.

Nā hana ʻohi. I ka wā hoʻokiʻoki ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā currants me nā infusions o ka tupeka, ke kāleka, ka yarrow e pili ana i ka spawning larvae; Hoʻomaopopo hou ka pipiʻi ʻana ma hope o 7-10 lā. Ke pīpīpī ʻana, pono e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ʻāpana o nā lau.
Me kahi helu haʻahaʻa o ka aphids, pono ia e hōʻoki a luku i nā lau ākea me nā kolone aphid. E luku i nā mea kanu lāʻau i nā mea kanu o ka currants.

Kuie ʻōpala melemele

E hōʻino ana i nā kukuna ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā ʻāpana larva i loko o ka popopo cobwebbed i ka lepo, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau, ma kahi hohonu o 2-6 cm a i ʻole. I ka pūnāwai, ua nui nā manu larva, a i ka wā o ka wā o ka pua o ka currant ua lele kahi manu a nā pālemakule. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu ma ka lalo o nā lau i ke kaulahao ma nā ulala nui. Ma hope o 7-10 lā, hoʻomaka ka honu ʻōmū a hoʻomaka i ka hānai nui i ka kiko lau, i kekahi manawa e waiho wale ana i nā veins nui o ka lau. Mālama ka larva i nā hebedoma 3-4, a laila waiho i ka lepo no ka pupation, a ma hope o 2 mau hebedoma hou aku kahi (he lua). I ka wā hiki, hiki i ka sawfly ke hāʻawi i 2-3 mau hanauna. ʻO ka hana ʻino loa ka lua o ka hanauna. Ma muli o ka luku ʻana o nā lau, huehue nā hua, kāʻili a palu.

Nā hana ʻohi. I ka hāʻule, e ʻeli nei i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Ke lulu nei nā hua lāʻau mai nā lāʻau a ke ʻoki a luku a. Hoʻonemele nā lau ʻeleʻele me ka lehu lāʻau i kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi ma ka hau, i hoʻolima ʻia me ka infusions o ka lehu, i ka pā, ka puaʻa, ka ʻona. Ma mua o ka pua - e kū ana i ka hanauna mua, ma hope o ka pua ʻana - i ka lua o ka hanauna, ma hope o ka hōʻoki ʻana - i ke kolu, inā pono.

Kahu Salamant

Nā wahiʻino o ka ʻili. ʻO nā kōlepaʻa i ka hoʻoilo i nā wana o ka currant no nā wī he ʻelua. I ka wā e ulu ai nā ovaries, ma kahi o 2 mau pule ma hope o ka pua ʻana o nā currants, lele aku ka pōpoki. ʻAi lākou i ka nectar pua, a laila kau i ka hua ma nā ʻōlau o ka pana pana, ma ke kumu o ka hua. Ma hope o nā lā he 10-15, e hāwili ana nā anuʻu i ka ʻili a komo i loko o nā lālā, e hana ana i nā wahi kikoʻī me nā paia ʻeleʻele, kuhikuhi a iho i lalo, 30-40 cm ka lōʻihi, i laila ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lau, a ʻo ka makahiki aʻe e hānai i ka kohu pua, e neʻe ana i lalo i kona kumu. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo o ka lua, i ka pūnāwai ua huki ʻo ia i ka lua a ua kokoke a huli i kahi chrysalis, a laila i loko o kahi pōkiō. I kekahi manawa ke ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻāʻā ʻia o ka pupa e hoʻopili ana mai kēia ana.

Loaʻa nā lālā i hoʻopau ʻia ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, ʻike paha kēia i ka hopena o ka pua; pua ma luna o kēia mau lālā ke liʻiliʻi, ua liʻiliʻi nā hua hua, palupalu ka ulu.

Nā hana ʻohi. I ke wā mua, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā kahiko a pōʻino. I ka pau ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, ua nānā ʻia nā lāʻau currant a pau nā lālā i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO nā lālā i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka aniani i ʻoki ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ola o ka pana a i kona kumu, me ka ʻole o ka waiho pū ʻana. Hoʻopili koke nā lālā. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana, lawe ʻia ma hope o ka pua ʻana i ka ognevychka a me nā ʻōpala, ʻo ia ʻaoʻao ka luku ʻana i nā moʻo aniani o ka lele ʻana.

ʻĀnō pana pana i waena

He kūpilikia no ka ʻeleʻele a me ka emi iki - ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Pili ke kia ma lalo o kahi pā, ma laila lākou e hānai ai i ka ʻu o ka mea kanu. Ma ke hopena, pohō ka lāʻau a me ka ʻili o nā ʻōpala; e hoʻopau i nā kīʻaha lāʻau; wāwahi maʻalahi nā ʻōpala, nā lau ma luna o ia mau lālā a hoʻoʻe ma luna o ka pūnaewele i hōʻino ʻia, akā ʻaʻole e hina.

Nā hana ʻohi. Ke kāʻili nei i ka ʻūlū o ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau i ka hohonu o 8-15 cm, a i ka pūnāwai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hiki i kēia ʻano mahiʻai iā ʻoe e luku ai a hiki i 60% o nā kiki hoʻoilo.

Hoʻomaka i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau me ka humus, humus, lepo lepo me kahi papa o 6-8 cm ma kahi radius a ma kahi o ke anuanu he 50 cm I loko o ka wā e hoʻomaʻū ʻia ai nā hua a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono e ʻike i nā lālā i hoʻopau ʻia, ka lawe a hoʻopau iā lākou. E hānai i nā mea kanu, hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu.

ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka lepo ma lalo o lākou ma mua o ka pua, ma hope o ka pua a ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana me ka karbofos (75 g no 10 l) a i ʻole nā infusions o ka dandelion, yarrow, nutshell, lehu, ke kākā.

Kālala lau kolū lau

E hōʻino ana i nā currants ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hoʻoilo huluhulu pākeke i loko o nā niu pōkole ma ka lepo, i kahi hohonu o 5-6 cm.ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka pākeke i ka pūnāwai e hui pū me nā wā wā pua a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua. Nā mau makahiki o nā namu he 14-20 mau lā, hoʻoikaika maoli i nā lā 7-8 mua.

Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu ma nā pūʻulu he 50 a i nā ʻōpio, ʻaʻole naʻe i nunui nā lau. Ma hope o 3 lā mau lā, hoʻokaʻa hākū mai nā hua. Ua ʻoki lākou i ka ʻiʻo mai nā lau ʻōpio. Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa i loko o kahi pūpū, ulu maikaʻi ʻole, ʻōleo ka waihoʻoluʻu. Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o nā palaka i ka lepo, kupu nui nā lau ʻōpala. Ua ʻoli ʻia lākou, me nā waimaka e hoʻopili ai ma waena o nā veins. ʻO nā hua, i hoʻomohala i nā koʻi mau lau, he liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka makahiki aʻe e hāʻawi ai lākou i kahi palupalu pua nāwaliwali a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hāʻawi i kahi hua. Me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi i nā lau ʻōpio e nā larvae, make ka pito o ka pana. ʻO nā hōʻino koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi lākou i kumu ai i nā ʻano me kahi ulu ulu lōʻihi.

Nā hana ʻohi like like me me ka pana pua midge.

ʻO ka pua pua currant

Hoʻopilikia wale ia i ka blackcurrant. ʻAi nui ka larva i nā mea o nā pua. I ka hopena, hoʻonui lākou i ka nui, lilo i spherical, pear-ʻano a i ʻole ʻūleʻa paha, ʻānō melemele a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻAʻole hāmama nā ʻōpū, a ma hope o nā lau larva e pupū i ka lepo, hāʻule lākou. Ua hōʻeha nui ʻia nā helu mua.

Nā hana ʻohi like like me me ka pana pua midge.

Nā lau

Kēia pinepine nā currants e nā leaflets (pink, brownish, omnivorous, frosty, beled multi-color, mesh flat). ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa e loaʻa mai i ka rosette. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā kōmukela i nā lau, nā ʻōpū, nā wāwae, nā pua, nā hua.

Nā hana ʻohi. I ka wā budding, ka hoʻouluʻana me ka mustard infusion. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka pēpē a me ka ognevka ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka pua ʻana o ka currants i ka maikaʻi e kū pono ana i nā lauwu.