No ka poʻe i kanu i nā kukama no ka ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke koho ʻana i kahi māla no ka kanu ʻana i ka manawa e hiki mai ana. Akā no ka poʻe i kohu ʻole i ka pilikia o ka māla ʻana, ke kāohi ʻana i nā kukama no ka māla āu i pilikia nui, no ka mea, he nui loa ko lākou koho. Akā inā kau ʻoe i kahi pahuhopu a noʻonoʻo pono i nā koho koho i ke kukui o nā ʻano o kēia moʻomeheu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pololei i ka mea āu e koho ai i kou ala kūpono.
E nānā i nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā kukama ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi hoʻoholo.
Kālepa
Aia mākou e ulu nei?
ʻO ka mea mua āu e pono ai e hoʻomaka me ka koho ʻana i nā hua kanu o nā kukama ʻo ka regionalization o nā ʻano. No ke aha kēia mea nui loa? No ka mea, ka hapanui o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia ka mea, ʻo nā hua kukama zoned ʻaʻole wale e hōʻike iā lākou iho i ka pae i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia, akā, pono hoʻi i nā limahana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻāina ʻana ma ka Pūnaewele, ma nā wahi ulu, ma ka palapala ʻepekema. Inā ʻaʻohe data e pili ana i nā kukala o ka hoihoi, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka manawa o kona wā e ʻohi ai. No laila, ʻo nā waena waena o nā makahiki a me nā ʻano mua o nā kukama ua kūpono loa no ka Middle Strip. No nā Urals a me Siberia, ʻaʻole wale ia no ke alo ʻole, akā he ke anu anuanu, ʻaʻole koi i ka ʻaila. Hiki i nā Southerners ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻano lewa hope.
ʻO waho a i waho?
Eia kekahi, i ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano kīmaahi like ʻole paha i kahi kukalī, pono pono ʻoe e ʻike ma kahi e ulu ai ʻoe, ʻo ka mea kūpono loa no ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ʻaʻole i maikaʻi loa ma nā moena māla a me ka wīwī.
Hoʻoholo mākou: he hua kukama a i ʻole paha?
Ke nānā nei i nā ʻeke me nā huaʻala, ua hilahila kekahi mau māla e ʻike i ka inoa ʻo "F1" ma hope o ka inoa, akā makehewa. Hōʻike kēia hōʻailona i nā hua i hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole ʻano like ia, akā kahi heluna. A, ʻo kou ʻike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona pili i nā ʻano like. No ke aha la hoi? No ka mea ua bred lākou no kekahi mau makahiki (a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki), a ke haka pono nei i ka lawe wale ʻana i ka maikaʻi loa mai nā laina makua. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pua, hiki i ke ʻano ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pua wahine i ka wā mua (e ulu ana nā hua iā lākou), hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi a me nā kūlana ʻino, a me kahi hua nui.
ʻO kahi wale nō o nā mea kanu hato āpau, ʻo ia ka hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka pae holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano maikaʻi ma kā lākou hua. No laila, ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua o nā huaʻai, akā e kūʻai hou no ka manawa hou.
A he aha e pili ana i nā ʻano?
I waena o nā ʻāpana kikina, he nui nā mea maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi pae. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoluʻolu nō ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana iā lākou ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua, ʻoiai ʻo ia i loko o 3 a 5 mau makahiki ka nui o nā ʻano ua wehe a he nui nā haʻawina.
Kālepa
No ke aha e ulu ai nā kukama?
Ke koho ʻana i nā hua kanu, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hoʻoholo inā e lilo ana i mau kukama no ka ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻiniki, no ka ʻili lā a i ʻole ke kime. Mai hoʻohilahila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻōleʻa nā ʻano like a pau e like me kā lākou kumu i manaʻo ai.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kukama huehue i ka ʻili ʻili, he leʻala ʻono, ʻono ʻia e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka unpretentiousness. He leʻaleʻa lākou i nā salads, ʻoi aku paha me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pā liʻiliʻi, akā i ka paʻakai e maloʻo ai lākou. ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻonaninani ʻana iā lākou - pono ʻoe e nānā i ke kala o nā ʻōpala ma luna o ka ʻili, a inā he keʻokeʻo - he paʻakai ia!
Akā inā he ʻilihune a hāpana ka ʻōpala ma luna o nā kukama, pāpaʻa ka ʻili - he koho kēia no ka pickling! ʻO kēia ʻāpana ka komo ʻana i nā ʻano Lūkia a pau i nā koho Holani me nā hua liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa nā ʻōpala o nā mea i hala ma mua o nā ʻano Lūkini; he pua a pua pua a me ka hōʻailona mau o nā ʻano lahilahi, e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui o ka hua. Ke hoʻopiʻi nei i ka lōʻihi i haʻi ʻia i ka wehewehe o ka palapula, a pau nā kukama i ko lākou ʻono a paʻakikī hoʻi.
Aia heʻokoʻa nā kukama no ka hoʻohana maʻamau, akā heʻano haʻahaʻa loa lākou.
Nānā mākou i ka manawa makā
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ulu maikaʻi nā kukama, waenakonu a ua līkū i kahi ʻole huna. Akā he aha ke kumu ma hope o kēia mau wehewehe?
Hoʻomaka ākea nā ʻano a me nā huaʻai mai nā mea kanu a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua e like me ka liʻiliʻi o 32 - 40 mau lā. ʻO ka wa waena - 40 - 50. Hoʻomaka-lewa - mai 50.
Hoʻomaʻo pinepine ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili mua ma luna o kahi pēpē o ka hua, ma ka wehewehe o ka ʻano like ʻole, eia naʻe, hiki wale ke hoʻokō me ka ʻike kikoʻī i hiki ke mālama pono ʻia o ka hua a ʻaʻohe kaumaha.
A ʻoi hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka manawa o ka like o nā kukama, ʻo ka mea pōkole ka manawa hua. ʻO ka hua i hala, ʻoi aku ka pale o ka ʻino a me nā maʻi.
Kālepa
Kūlana mākou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi ea ea
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā ʻano o kukama, he mea kūpono ke kī ʻia ʻana a pau ka like e like me ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana. Aia nā kukama pua, he mau lauoho pōkole, lōʻihi nā lauoho a me nā lauoho loloa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kā lākou ʻaoʻao o ke ea, ma hope aku lākou e komo ai i ka wā o ka hua a hua lōʻihi.
Eia kekahi, aia kahiʻokoʻa o nā kukama me ka branching maikaʻi a hoʻoikaika paha, kaupalena ʻia a maʻalahi hoʻi e nāwaliwali.
ʻO nā kukuna me nā pīhoihoi ikaika e hoʻonui i nā wana lateral mai kahi kokoke loa i nā nika o ke kumu waena a loaʻa kahi lōʻihi o ka hua. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻelua a pani ʻia. Akā i loko o nā māla wai makemake lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana, akā ma ka māla hiki ke ulu iki lākou me ka ʻole o ka pinching, me ka pale ʻole, e hoʻolōʻihi wale ma ka ʻāina.
No nā hale hale i kēia lā, ma ke kūʻai aku hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā nui o nā kukama me ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono ponoʻī i ke branching. Aia ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo inā hoʻohālikelike nā hua i ka lālā nui, ua pau ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao, i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hua mai ke kumu waena, e hoʻomaka ana nā pua āpau e ulu ikaika.
Kālepa
ʻO nā ʻano like o nā kukama me ka branching liʻiliʻi he mea maʻalahi ia e ulu. Hiki i nā pua lateral ke kau iā lākou, akā ua pōkole lākou i nā pelekane a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā huaʻai me nā hua lōʻihi, i kūkulu ʻia ma nā ʻanuʻu kūleʻa, i ʻōlelo ʻia no nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i ka pā ākea.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukama i nāwaliwali palupalu i kahi pūʻulu o nā pōkole sprinter precocious. Kuhi nui lākou, hana pū i ka ovary, akā ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka hua e pau nui ai ko lākou ulu ulu ʻana. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana lateral, kahi o 15 cm ke lōʻihi, pinepine ʻole nā lau liʻiliʻi, pōkole nā internode. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi palena ʻāina hoʻokaʻa iki iā lākou - a hiki i ka 6 mau pcs. per sq. ((no nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe 2.5 - 3 mau mea kanu no ka palena pākahi).
Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā ʻano kūmato kūpono i ka hema, nāwaliwali a maloʻo ʻia ka pīhoihoi no ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo unheated a me ka papa ākea i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau, pili nā hui ʻekolu i ka waena waena.
Mai haʻalele i ke ʻano o ka pua
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻomeheu āu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻāpana a i ʻole paha paha ka māhele i ʻelua māhele nui: parthenocarpic and bee pollinated. He aha kā lākou ʻokoʻa?
Nā ʻano hua ʻehā o Parthenocarpic o nā kukama ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka lūlū ʻia e nā iniseti a kūpono no laila no ka ulu ʻana i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka pā ākea a no nā hale kiʻi ʻoluʻolu. Ma ke ʻano o ka pua la, he wahine a he wahine paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hiki i ka parthenocarpy he hōʻailona ia e pane mai i nā kūlana o waho: nā loli, hoʻoki a ʻole a kūleʻa paha o ka ea e hiki ai ke hōʻemi nui i nā huahana o nā mea kanu.
Ma ka mākeke hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻano kukama a me kahi hōʻike o ka parthenocarpy, pono lākou e kanu ʻia me ka pollinator, ma ka pākelika o 1 a 10, a i ʻole nā ʻano me nā hapa liʻiliʻi o nā pua kāne.
Bee pollinated (cross-pollinated) ʻano o nā kukama - Hoʻokumu i ka ovary wale nō ke hoʻohaumia e nā iniseti (ʻaʻole pono nā pi. Ua ulu lākou i kahi ākea ākea a ma lalo o nā pā kiʻi kiʻi pōkole. Ka hapanui loa lākou i ka hua o nā pua a i ʻole ka wahine ʻano, a no laila e koi hou aku i nā ʻano kanu a i ʻole ke kō o ka pollinator, ma ka nui o 1 x 10. Akā, aia pū kekahi mau kukama me kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka pua (ma nā mea kanu a me nā pua kāne), ʻaʻole. pono i ka inoculation o ka pollinator.
Nui! Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai kanu i nā pi pīhoihoi a me nā mea kanu parthenocarpic kokoke mai, ʻoiai inā i paʻi ʻia nā mea hope e nā pepeke, ʻaʻohe hua kūpono o kā lākou hua.
He pua ma ka palena o ka ovary o kahi kukama.
Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka pili pili i ka mālamalama
Ma kahi o nā mea āpau o luna, ua ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kukami i ka pili o ka nele o ka mālamalama. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Shade-tolona no nā hale ʻōmaʻomaina mahana i ka wā o ke kanu ʻana i nā huahana mai Ianuali a Iulai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Photophilous i ke kauwela, ua māhele ʻia lākou i ka pūʻulu o nā ʻano puna wai-kauwela. Akā no nā moena māla he mau ʻano e ʻae maikaʻi i ka pale ʻāpana.
Ehia mau hua e kūʻai ai i nā kukama?
Ma muli o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, ua maʻalahi ka maʻalahi e koho ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano a me nā ʻano pōmaikaʻi no kāu pūnaewele e koho ʻia ai. No ka laʻana, hoʻokahi super-kakahiaka, no nā minuke kauwela mua, he hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua a hoʻokahi paha a ʻelua paha. A i ʻole: he lettu liʻiliʻi, a he mau liʻiliʻi no ka luhi, ʻokoʻa nā lau ʻōpio like ʻole ... pono ke hele a luna e hoʻonui i ka wā hōʻiliʻili a me ka manawa e loaʻa ai nā kukama i kēlā me kēia kūlana.
A eia nō hoʻi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e loaʻa i nā ʻano hou a me nā hybrids i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻoholo ai i ka wā o ka manawa: ʻo ka mea ʻano maikaʻi loa no kāu mau moena.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā papa o nā ʻano o nā ʻano kukala ma ke ʻano kanu, ke wā ʻoki ʻana, ke ʻano o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ke ʻano o nā koho, ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hua a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻano hoʻokaʻawale: "Nā papahele o nā ʻano o nā ʻano kukala".
Hoʻolohe Ke noi aku nei mākou iā ʻoe ma nā ʻōlelo i kēia atikala e kākau i nā ʻano kukama i ulu ai ʻoe, a āu i makemake ai no kā lākou ʻano. Mai poina e ka manawa, i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka inoa, e wehewehe pō iā lākou, a e kuhikuhi aʻe i ka wahi a i ke ʻano e ulu ai ʻoe iā lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i kāu loiloi me nā kiʻi ma kēia maʻa ma ke kolamu. Mahalo iā ʻoe!
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻolaha mākou i kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano kukama a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ma kahi ʻokoʻa.
