Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Beetroot i kahi māla kuhi hiki ʻole, kahi mea e hoʻomaka ai e ulu ma luna o kona poʻohiwi. Akā i kekahi manawa ua uhi ʻia nā piko olakino i nā ʻulaʻula a me nā kolamu, nā ʻāpana lau a maloʻo hoʻi, a paʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana. I kēia hihia, ʻo nā mea kanu ulu o loaʻa i nā nīnau nīnau. No ke aha e ʻoliʻoli ai nā lau a nā ʻōpala ʻo beets.
Wahi a nā poʻe loea, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kihi e hoʻokolokolo i ka mokuʻāina o ka mea kanu. Aia paha he mau kumu no ka pale ʻana i ke olakino o nā māla ʻalani. I waena o lākou he momona momona a i ʻole makina-saturated soils, kahi nele o nā minerala a me nā mea kanuʻai, a me nā hūnā. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he mea hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā maʻi pathogens, nā lau o ia mea ka mea mua e pane aku i ka maʻi. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa ka nānā ʻana o nā hua aʻa ma mua o ko lākou komo ʻana i ka hale kūʻai, akā i ka hoʻoilo ke hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke nalo i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā wehewehe a me nā kiʻi o nā maʻi o ka pīpī, a me nā ʻano e pili ana me ka hana ʻana iā lākou, e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā pōpilikia i ka manawa, hoʻomaka e mālama i nā mea kanu a aʻo i nā ala maʻalahi e pale iā lākou.
Phomosis: kahi maʻi o nā lau pīpī a me kāna hua kanu
ʻO ka maʻi lau o ka lau, i hoʻopili ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona ma nā papa lau o ka ʻalani a i ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻāwili i pōpoki ʻia, i kapa ʻia ka fomosis, ka rot core a i ʻole ka ʻike zonal. Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi mai nā lau haʻahaʻa, e make ana no ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi. Inā pili ka maʻi i ka beets i ka lua o ke ola o ka makahiki, make ke kumu pua, a ʻo ka hua ʻala ponoʻī, inā e waiho ʻia, hoʻopau koke.
No ke aha e hoʻohuli ai nā beets i nā lau melemele, a he aha ka mea e hana ai e kāpae ai i ke kaʻina hana a ʻaʻole e nalowale i ka hua?
Hāʻawi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi i ka ua anu a me ka ua, a me ka hau kaumaha i ka hapalua lua o ke kauwela, ke ʻano o ka haʻahaʻa o ka pō. Me nā ʻūhā o ka ua a me ka makani, lele nā spora o nā ʻōpū hanu a puni ka mea kanu, a ma ka hoʻoilo ke kumu hoʻomakeka o kahi maʻi ʻōpio o nā lau ʻōpiopio e kali ana i nā lau make i waiho ʻia ma ka moena, ma luna o nā hua lāʻau i hoʻopulapula, a me nā huaʻehā.
Aia ke mākaukau o ka nele o ka boron i ka lepo i ka mea e loaʻa mai ai ka maʻi, a me ka hāʻawi pono ʻana i ka manawa pono o kēia keehi, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka borax, e lawelawe like me kahi mea pale maikaʻi a me ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i ka maʻi.
Pae o ke kāohi a me ke pale ʻana:
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mālama ʻana i nā moena hua kanu me ka kumu kumu o ka phomosis i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a me nā hua kanu me Fundazol.
- I ka ulu o ka wā e ulu ana, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea kanu me nā huahana pā i ka paʻakai.
- ʻAʻole e poina iā mākou e nānā ana i ke nānā ʻana i nā lula o ka hua lōkahi, ka wā o ka lau ʻana i nā lālani hua pīpī a me ka milo o nā hua.
- ʻO nā ʻōpala āpau i hāʻule ʻia mai nā awalā i lawe ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia.
Inā ma ka pūnaewele ua hoʻomāloʻi ka maʻi, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me Fundazole a i nā fungicides ololi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia nā beets i ka hale kūʻai, a me ka huki ʻana i nā mea kanu maloʻo a palupalu, a ma hope o nā mea e lawaiʻa ʻia ai nā ʻano mea kanu.
Beetroot cercosporosis: he aha ka mea e hana inā ulaula nā lau?
Ke ʻimi nei nā māla lāʻau i ka pane i ka nīnau: "No ke aha ka ʻulaʻula ʻana o nā lau ma nā ʻula, a pehea e kū ai i kēia pilikia?", Kū pinepine ʻo ia i ka hōʻike ʻana o cercosporosis. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka maʻi maʻi e nā maʻi patele a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka wā mua i nā ʻulaʻula a nā ʻulaʻula, a laila e makaʻala ʻia i loko o nā kikowaena me kahi palena ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka burgundy palena. Inā nānā ʻoe i ke kua o ka lau i hoʻopilikia ʻia, e ʻike ʻoe i kahi kaila hina hina.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, pākahi i lalo o ka hale kūʻai. Ke piʻi mālie nei, hoʻonui ka nui o nā wahi. Ke ulu nei ka nui o ka foci o kēia maʻi o ka beetroots, a ua luku ʻia ka ʻaoʻao maloʻo ma ke kikowaena.
Kaliwali nā mea kanu i lalo o cercosporosis, me ka make ʻana o nā lau maʻi, a lilo ko beets i ko lākou ikaika ma ke kumu o ke kumu kanu, akā ma ka hoʻohou o ka ʻāpana māhina.
Ma waho o nā hana kūpono e pale aku i nā maʻi pīpī, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻia o kahi huaʻai maikaʻi e hōʻemi ana i ka hua i ka hapalua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hānai a me nā kōkōlele. ʻO ke kumu kumu o cercosporosis ka mea nui loa i ka ua ma ka mahana o +16 ° C, akā i ka nui o ka pua i luna ma luna o nā kumu a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā mauʻu a pau, a me ka līu mea kanu ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia mai nā moena.
E like me nā hana kūʻē i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻokō:
- huʻaila hua;
- koho ana o ka beetroot maʻi-pale i nā ʻano a me nā huaʻai;
- me ka neʻe ʻana o nā lā he 7-10 lā e hoʻolei nei me nā mea lawelawe e loaʻa ana ka hoʻomākaukau keleawe;
- ʻokiʻoki nā hua ma ke ʻano o nā lau 2-3;
- ka ʻaʻo ʻana o nā moena a me ka wehe ʻana i nā lau make;
- koho o kahi papa no ka kanu ʻana, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā kanu kanu mua;
- e hoʻolei i nā mea kanu i loaʻa me ka manuahi.
Beet Ramulariosis
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o nā lau pīpī e hele pū ana me ka maʻi lāʻau me ka ramulariosis e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kekahi e hoʻomohala me ka cercosporosis. Eia nō naʻe, eia ka mea ʻē aʻe i kēia mau maʻi o nā lau pīpī. ʻOi aku ka laka o nā maʻi i kēia hihia, ma ka mua ma mua o ka brownish-green, a ʻuʻuku hoʻi, ma ke anawaena ka lōʻihi o 1,5 cm. Akā, ma ke ʻano, i loko o ia mau wahi liʻiliʻi, make a ka lau o ka lau o ka lau o ka lau. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāpana a i ʻole ka palena ʻulaʻula.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka maʻi ramulariosis i loko o ka lua o ke kauwela. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā wahi mua ma nā lau o lalo, a laila e pālahalaha aku ka maʻi i nā lau ʻōpio a me nā petioles.
He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ʻike ʻia nā lau o ka pōpoki a me nā wahi ramalariosis ma kā lākou mau papa? No ka mea hiki i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻoilo ma luna o nā hua a me nā hua, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ramulariosis ma nā hua, a me nā peduncles. Hoʻoulu ka ʻōpū i kahi anenika palupalu, ma nā wahi ʻino wela, e pili ana i nā pohō nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā fodder beets, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hakakā me nā maʻi ʻōlohelohe ka ʻelua o nā mea pale a me ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau fungicidal systemic, e like me ka cercosporosis.
Peronosporosis: he aha ka mea e hana ai a no ke aha e kupu ai ka melemele lau
ʻO ka pulupulu o Powdery a i ʻole peronosporosis e pili ana i ka beetroot i ka wā mālo a hele pū ʻia me ka melemele, a laila e ʻīwī ana a make i nā ʻāpana lau. No ke aha e ʻeleʻele ai nā lau pīpī, a he aha ka hana inā he maʻi kēia mahele o nā moena? ʻO ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā lau he mea hōʻeha kino, nona ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻia ke ʻike ma luna o nā kihi, i uhi ʻia me ka lāʻau maloʻo a i ʻole nā palaʻai. Ma ke kua, ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā hina hina a pale paha paha. ʻO kēia nā kiko o ka pua i mākaukau no ka hoʻoponopono hou aku.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i nā mea kanu mai nā peronosporosis:
- etching ka hua o kēia hua ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka lepo;
- ka wehe ʻana i nā lepo lepo i ka wā e ulu ai a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana;
- hoʻolāleʻa i nā mea kanu me nā fungicides.
ʻO kahi ʻano kūpono e pale aku ai i nā maʻi lau beetroot hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka mālama wā maʻamau i nā mea kanu me ka wai o Bordeaux.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Fusarium: beetroot a me nā maʻi lāʻau kanu
Inā ʻike ka māla hale i nā lau o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi e ʻōleʻele i kumu ʻole no ke kumu ʻike ʻole, kolo a maloʻo pū me nā petioles, ʻaʻole naʻe e makaʻala. No ke aha e maloʻo ai nā lau a ulu nā beets i kēia hihia? Hoʻohālikelike paha i nā beets ma ka māla me ka Fusarium. ʻO ka maʻi e hoʻomaka ana me nā lau pīpī ʻaʻole wale i nā wēlau, akā hoʻopono pū kekahi. I ka wā e hoʻomohala nei i ka maʻi, ua hoʻopōʻī nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā dries, e komo ka ʻūhā i loko o ka kiko rhizome, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka mycelium ʻike ʻia i ka ʻoki ʻoki.
No ke aha e ʻeleʻele ai nā lau, a he aha ka hana me nā meli i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi? ʻAʻole i like me nā maʻi pīpī, hohola ka fusarium mai ke aʻa a hiki ke alakaʻi i kona make ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi ʻōlapa, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi, ke hōʻeha nei i ka nui o nā mea kanu i nele i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a me nā pua i pōʻino ʻia e ka puʻu ʻana a i ka hana ʻai ʻana paha.
ʻO nā kaʻina e pale i nā beets mai nā maʻi Fusarium e loaʻa:
- ke kōnaa me nā minerala a me nā kolamu organic, e mālama ana i nā huahana i loaʻa i ka boron;
- ka palena o nā lepo acidic;
- kūlike me nā lula o ke koho ʻana i nā māla māla i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana;
- ka wehe ana o ka lepo hohonu i na alanui;
- nā hana maʻamau a lawa;
- lāʻau a me ka hoʻomau ʻōpiopio.
Lawe ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau a hoʻopau i ka hopena ʻaʻole i pili ka hopena i nā mea kanu kokoke.
Nā hana wili e pale aku i nā maʻi
ʻO ka pōʻino o nā maʻi o ka pīpī a me ka pono o ka hana kūpono e pale aku iā lākou ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hōʻike o waho i kēia mau maʻi i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka hoʻēmi ʻia o nā lau ʻaʻole i like ʻole i ka pōʻino maoli. ʻImi wale ʻia nā huaʻai a me nā pala i loko o nā hua aʻa i ka wā e waiho ana, i ka wā ke hōʻole ʻia ka hapa nui o nā beets.
He mea nui loa nā kaʻina hana pono, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i nā pua nā kumu i ʻole nā hua o nā lau a me nā mea kanu i nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana.
I kēia hopena:
- koho ʻia nā hybrids a me nā ʻano pale i kū mai i nā maʻi maʻi.
- hoʻokō i ka ʻano mahiʻai o ka ulu ulu ʻana, me ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻulapula ʻana o nā hua mānoanoa a mālama i ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ke kanu ʻana;
- hoʻokō i luna lole i hoʻolālā ʻia o nā māla mahi kanu;
- e nānā pinepine i nā mea kanu e maopopo ai nā maʻi ma ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana;
- ka wā hōʻiliʻili o nā hua kanu;
- e nānā pono i nā aʻa e hele ana i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i nā maʻi o nā lau a me nā hua aʻa, a me nā pōpoki hoʻi, ʻoi loa ka hopena o nā mea nāwaliwali nā hemahema i nā momona, ka waiū, ka māmā a me ka oxygen.
