"Ua piha ka hana ikaika i nā hana mana!" Wahi a Elder Berendey mai ka moʻolelo dongeng wai "The Snow Maiden" na A. N. Ostrovsky. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hana mana he pālahalaha a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui kaiaulu o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
Nui, ʻano, e like me nā keke amber o nā fiku maloʻo. ʻO kāna mau huaʻai maikaʻi loa he maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa paha, e hoʻopiha ana i nā mākeke o ko mākou hema ma ke kauwela a me ka ʻohi. A i ʻole, he mea momona loa lākou, akā, ʻo kēia, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, he meaʻono ia.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)Ka pua liʻiliʻi - kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana pāhono me ka lei ākea a me kahi lāʻau hina hina hina. Loaʻa ia i ko mākou moku'āina hihiu a i ole i Caucasus, Crimea a me Central Asia. Loaʻa iā ia nā lau nui a palou ma ke kua, aia ma ka lāʻau hoʻokahi ua ʻoki a ʻoki ʻia i loko o ka lua.
Hoʻokahiʻokoʻa nā inflorescences Fig. Me ko lākou mau helehelena ʻae, ua hoʻokuʻu wale lākou i ke kūpuna o ka waiwai ʻikepili o ko kākou ʻano ʻoanā ʻo Carl Linnaeus, ʻaʻole hoʻokele iā ʻoe i ka huki ʻana i kā lākou mea huna. ʻO nā lōlima, e like me ka hua fiku, ai ʻole fiku hoʻi, e like me kā lākou i kapa ʻia, he lei pā, me ka lua ma luna. I kekahi manawa, ma nā Sukhumi Botanical Gardens, ua alakaʻi ʻo ka loiloi ʻo Managadze i kaʻu mau lāʻau ʻelua ʻano maopopo ʻole a noi mai iaʻu e kuhihewa ana i kekahi o kēlā kāne a ʻo ia ka wahine. ʻAʻole kamaʻilio pehea e hoʻāʻo ai e ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hua o nā aniani poni, ʻaʻole naʻe wau i kūmole. Akā, ua haehae koʻu hoa i ka hua o kēlā me kēia lāʻau. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi o lākou me ka makemake nui, ua manaʻo wau i kāna ʻano ʻai, a me ka pōniʻukiʻi ʻana, ua maopopo iaʻu ua like ka hua me he ʻeke me ka momona, ʻoiai e like me ka ʻū mākaukau, pulp. ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka like me ka hoʻopā mua a paipai wale ʻia. ʻO ka Dents mai kona mau manamana lima e noho ana ma kona ʻili pliable. I ka hili ʻana o ka ʻili o ka pūpuna, me he mea lā e hoʻōho ʻia ana me nā pi, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi e paʻi ʻia i loko o ke kuokoa. Ma hope wale nō o ia ʻano haʻawina hoʻike ʻole a Managadze i haʻi mai i ka nane o nā lau.
Lilo ua lāʻau lā i mau lau me nā lau palalāʻau, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻokahi me nā hua ʻai, ʻai ʻia. Ua hoʻohuli ʻē ʻia i kēia ʻano loea i loko o ka wā kahiko, akā ua ʻike ʻia ia mau kiʻi nui ma hope aku.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)I loko o kekahi mau lāʻau, lawe ʻia ka lula e ka makani, ma nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka pūlima nui o nā pepeke, a me ka hōʻola ʻana i ka hua pā i loko o nā hua manu wale nō e hiki ke hana i nā ihe ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi - ka blastophagus, e hoʻoiho i nā hae mai nā kāne kāne i ka wahine. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia wasp, ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai hou me ka ʻole o ke kōkua o nā fiku.
He paʻakikī a paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka hui like ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua wili i ʻekolu mau ʻano hehi. I kekahi o lākou, e ulu ana i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, nā testicle a me nā aka o ka hoʻoilo blastophage. Eia, i ka puna, ua hānau ʻia ko lākou hanauna hou, e ʻai ana me nā moena. Ma hope mai, ʻo nā wahine, ʻānela nui kona mau kino i ka polin, e ʻimi e ʻimi i kahi e waiho i nā hua a hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ka ʻano o nā inflorescences, kahi e ulu ai nā hua hua. Hoʻolaha kēia mau kūleʻa kālā, ʻaʻole e hiki i nā wasps ke kau i nā testicle i loko. ʻOiai e ʻā ana ka mea pīpī i ka ulu wai, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻokō iā ia, e mālama ana i ka hoʻohoka ʻana i nā pua wahine, akā waiho wale ʻia nā testicle i ke kolu o nā ʻano o ka inflorescences i hoʻolālā ʻia no kēia kumuhana. Puʻi hou nā wahine, e kū mai ana i kēia mau ulu i ka wā ma mua o ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, a huli hoʻi i nā testicles, i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hale pua a hiki i ka pūnāwai.
No laila, i ka papa pākānika o nā lau, nā mea aloha a pau, nā blastophages, e loaʻa mau i ka "papaʻaina a me ka hale." Noho lākou, hānai, ʻano, mālama i kā lākou hua mai ka manawa, a i ka mahalo i ka mālama a mālama ʻia nā pua. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala pua ʻana i ka pua e nā blastophages o botani i kapa ʻia ʻo caprice.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)Ma Caucasus lāua ʻo Crimea, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kekahi mau memo o ka moʻolelo i pehea ka mea i hoʻoholo ai kekahi mea kālepa e waiwai i nā hua. Eia kekahi o lākou. Ke ʻike nei he nui nā hua o nā hua fiku, loaʻa iā ia kahi māla lau nui. Ma waenakonu o ke kāohi hua ʻana, hele maila kekahi hoʻo akamai, kuhi ʻia me ia. "No ke aha lā ʻoe e mālama ai i kēia mau lāʻau ʻole i loko o ka māla?" Nīnau ʻo ia i ka mea kūʻai aku, e kuhikuhi ana i nā hua pā maikaʻi o ke kāne. "Hoʻokiʻoki wau i kaʻu noʻu no kahi lōʻihi a kanu nā mea maikaʻi." Ua haʻalele ka mea hoʻokipa, a hopu ka mea kūʻai aku i ke koi a ʻoki i nā lāʻau "pono ʻole".
Ua hala ka hoʻoilo, ka pūnāwai, ua hiki mai ka manawa e ohi ai, akāʻaʻohe mea e hōʻiliʻili. ʻO nā hua i kū ʻia mai ka wā puna, e kau ana i ka palaka ʻole, ua hāʻule. Ua haʻi hou ka moʻolelo like iā ia iho i nā makahiki ma hope mai, a ʻokiʻoki ka mea kūʻai waiwai ʻoki i ke kīhāpai ʻana i ka māla a pau i kahi huhū.
Akā, hāʻule kahi mau fiku i ka palaka a ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema. Ma hope o Linnaeus, ua kaulana ke ʻano o ka huaʻāina ʻo Casparrini no kāna "ʻike" hou ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi ʻano ʻano fiku i ʻelua mau ʻano. I ke kālā o ka mea ʻole lapuwale, ua hoʻomaopopo koke ʻo ia i kāna hewa.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)I kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau pōloli maikaʻi hewa nāna e hoʻomau mau i ka whims art - kahi ʻike maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia, e haʻi ana he hana hoʻohana ʻole. A ka hana ʻo nā caprification i ke kau ʻana i nā kaprigig ma nā lāʻau wahine i kālai ʻia i nā kaula. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ai no ka nele o nā kumulāʻau kāne kāne a hāʻawi ʻia i ke koho ʻana i nā pua wahine. ʻO Kaprifigi ka mea mua e hoʻomaka i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā Helene kahiko. Maikaʻi lākou i ka pehea e mālama ai iā lākou i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, lawe ʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu nui ma nā waʻa ma waena o nā mokupuni ʻo Aegean, kālepa ʻia lākou. ʻO ka poʻe Helene, ʻo ka manawa mua loa, hoʻomaka lākou e kau i nā caprice ma nā lāʻau fiku wahine.
Aia kekahi mau kuhihewa i ka wā i neʻe ai nā fiku i ʻAmelika. ʻO Ezen, kahi kanaka kūlohelohe nāna i lawe mai i nā lau mai Turkey a Kaleponi, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻAmelika i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hōʻoia iā lākou i kahi hui kūikawā e pono ai ke lawe pū me nā huʻa i kāna hoa aloha nui, ka punawai o ka pāheʻe.
E like me ia, akā naʻe, ʻo ka "lāʻau me ke ʻano kūlike" e like me ka mea hua lāʻau i ʻike ʻia a mahalo ʻia mai ka wā kahiko. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hele mai ka ʻano moʻomeheu mai ka "hauʻoli ʻĀmia" - Yemen, mai kahi o ka poʻe Fenikia kahiko, ko Suria, a laila hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻo ko ʻAigupita. ʻIke ʻia ka moʻomeheu kahiko ma ʻAigupita e nā ʻike o nā ʻāpono i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā fiku. ʻO kēia mau hana a nā haku aliʻi o ʻAigupita kahiko i hoʻopau ma mua o 2500 BC.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)Mai Aigupita mai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā hua i nā mokupuni Aegean, a mai laila aku (ma kahi o ka makahiki 9 o BC) i Hellas. He mea kupaianaha nō ua maopopo mua ka pilosopo maikaʻi ʻo Aristotle e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o nā wasps e hui pū ana i nā fiku (called psen), ʻaʻole naʻeʻo ia i maopopo i kā lākou kuleana piha. Ua like paha ia i kuhi nei i kā lākou kōkua i ka fiku, me ka manaʻo e pili ana nā blastophages, ke komo ʻana i kāna mau hua ulu, hāʻawi i ko lākou mālama i ke kumulāʻau.
I nā wahi hema o ko mākou'āina, ua kanuʻia nā fiku mai nā wā kahiko. Ma nā wahi he nui o Caucasus a me Central Asia, ʻo kāna mau huaʻai e lawelawe wale ʻana me ka mea mālama wale nō, akā ʻo ka meaʻai nui hoʻi no ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hona iā lākou ka 20 pākēneka gula, ka huaora C, ka kalapona, ka hao, ka calcium a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe.
Ma nā ʻāpana komohana, e maloʻo wale nō nā hua o ka hua, no ka mea ua maʻalahi ka huʻu hou i ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi a no laila ua paʻakikī ka holo ʻana. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā kīʻaha he nui mai nā hua palaoa hou: compote, marmalade, pasta, jam.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole kaulana nā figs no ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ola kona mau lāʻau i kahi o nā makahiki he 100, akā ma India i ʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau fiku kūʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku kona mau makahiki ma mua o 3000 mau makahiki.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)Ma ka Crimea, ka Caucasus a me Asia Hikina, holo maikaʻi nā fiku, e noho ana i nā kuahiwi, ma nā puʻu pōhaku a me nā pali uka ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea kanu. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā aʻa o kēia lāʻau i ka ʻāina paʻakikī loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā wili keleawe i komo i loko o nā puʻu liʻiliʻi loa, e hoʻoikaika ai i nā wahi ākea. Ma Adler, no ka laʻana, ua noho ʻelua mau lāʻau fiku ma luna o ka pīpeka o ke komite o ke kōpana o ke kalana kaiāua, a ʻo ka hapakolu aʻe i piʻi i ka papa o ka hale pule kahiko.
E lanakila ana ka moʻomeheu fiku hou i nā wahi ʻāina hou, e neʻe ana i ka ʻākau. Ke kanu nei iā ia i nā wahi anuanu, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻaʻole e hahai pono ka blastophage i ia mau mea. He mea ʻoluʻolu loa ia i ka wela a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻae i ke anu o ka Kauka Kauka. I kēlā mau kūlana, hele lākou i nā lawelawe o nā fiku, hiki ke hana ʻole me ko lākou hoa mau loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia ʻano o ke ʻano (ma ke ala, he kūpono hoʻi ia no ka moʻomeheu o loko) a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hiki ke hana i nā hua, hiki ke hoʻomuʻi ʻia i nā mea kanu - me ka ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole nā lau.
He pīpī ka pīhoihoi nani o kekahi o nā ʻohana pili kokoke loa i kā mākou luhi i loko a me kahi pili mamao o ka lāʻau mulberry - mulberry. E pili ana i ko lākou pilina pili ʻana, ua hoʻohana nui nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka nui o ka hana e hoʻāʻo nei e kolika i nā popo me nā mulberry-kūleʻa keu. Ma Kaleponi, ʻaʻole kūleʻa ʻo Luther Burbank e hoʻokō i kēia manaʻo kupanaha. E like me ka hanana pinepine, Ya. I. Bomyk, kahi mea akamai naturalist-loea mai ka Crimea, ua hoʻokō i kēia. I ka hoʻoilo nui o ka makahiki 1949-1950 no Crimea, i ka manawa i hōʻea ai nā frost i Yalta i 20 mau kekelē a me nā fā maʻamau maʻamau i pau ai ke ola, ua pakele ka honu Bomyka. ʻO kahi kūlohelohe kūleʻa kūleʻa, ʻoi aku ia i nā mea kiʻekiʻe no kāna hou inzhi-mulberry hybrid Bomyka-4. He lōʻihi ia a paʻakū i mea e pono ai ka hua fiku nani e kū i kahi ʻākau.
Kāohi (maʻamau fig)Mea kākau: S. I. Ivchenko
