Nā Aphids. Pehea e kū ai me ka maʻi ʻoi loa?

ʻ saylelo mai nā kānaka: "I mea e lanakila ai, pono e ʻike pono ʻoe i ka ʻenemi." A i mea e wehe ai i nā aphids i loko o ka māla aiʻole i ka māla, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka manawa o kona ulu ʻana a i ʻike pono ʻole i ka manawa e pili ana i ka maʻi palupalu. No ka laʻana: ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻōla i nā mea kanu inā kau nā hua ma luna o lākou. Mālama lākou mai ka hana o nā mea make, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu hoʻoulu ʻia no ka meaʻai (ʻaʻole lākou a ʻehā a hoʻonā wai i nā wai mai nā mea kanu), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou hopohopo. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Pono e kali a hiki i ka pale huluhulu, a laila, ma o ke kanu ʻana, ua luku ʻia ka make i ka 70-100%. ʻO ia ka ʻai, ka ʻai ʻana i ke ao a me ka pō, ka mea e hōʻeha nui ai i nā mea kanu.

ʻO nā aphids ma nā rosebuds. © Dennis Wiss

Nā Aphids (Aphidoidea) - ka nui o nā iniseti. Ma kahi o 4000 mau ʻōpū o nā aphids i ʻike ʻia, nona aneane hoʻokahi tausani e noho ma ʻEulopa. ʻAi nā aphids i nā wai kanu kanu, nui nā pōʻino weliweli o nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea he nui ke hoʻopuʻi i nā maʻi o nā mea kanu i ke ʻano o nā maʻi a waiho i nā ʻano like ʻole i nā mea kanu, e like me nā galls a me nā alelo.

Ke manaʻo nei wau e noʻonoʻo i ka loli ʻana o ka aphid a hoʻoholo i nā hanana hoʻomohala o nā wahi āpau no nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻAkuhi Hoʻolālā Aphid

Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi pālato wahine pālima wahine i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka ʻōpala a me nā kumu lāʻau, nā ʻōpala a pau i nā pua, e hoʻāʻo ai e waiho iā lākou ma kahi o nā ʻōpū, ma nā puʻu. ʻO nā hua ʻōlima he oblong-oval, ʻeleʻele a hiki i 0,5 mm lōʻihi, e ʻike ʻia ana ka maka. "Mālama" ʻo ia ka mahanahana ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, ua waiho ka wahine ʻapio i nā hua ʻalā ma nā kumu basal a me nā lau. Ke hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, aneane nā ola masonry a ola. Mālama ʻo nā Aphids a me nā "hale mālama" i nā hua, ʻohi i nā hua a hiki i ka pūnāwai i ko lākou mau hale noho i lalo, a i ka pūnāwai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela, e waiho i nā hua ma nā lālā kahiko, ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, waiho i nā lau ʻōpio.

Mai nā hua heʻumi, he nui nā hanauna (2-4-8) o nā wahine lele kīkē, e ulu ana ka hana me ka ʻole kāne. I Iune-Iulai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻēheu o nā mea noho o ka settler aphids. Haalele ʻo Aphids, keu me ka makani pololei, a hiki i 25 km, e noho ana i nā hua like like. ʻO kēia he mau aphids monoecious, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona me kahi holo pōkole dioecious. Hoʻomaka lākou i ka ulu ʻana o ka pūnāwai ma luna o ka hale hoʻokele nui, me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kiʻi ʻēheu i ke kauwela a lele lākou i nā kahu hānai (lua hoʻokipa) - nā ʻano lāʻau kanu kanu, nāhelehele, nā mea kanu kanu a hoʻi mai i ka wā o ka wā o ka wā e waiho ai i ka hua i ka host nui. I ka wā hāʻule, ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻopiha ʻia ʻo ka wahine aphid i nā wai hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.

Nā helu kumumanaʻo! E hoʻolōʻihi i kēlā me kēia wahine i nā hua he 100 no ka hoʻoilo. Ma kēia mau mea, he 100 mau wahine wahine i ulu, e ulu ana ma 1.5-2.0 mau pule a waiho ʻia ma ka awelika 100 huaʻai ma kēlā I ka wā ulu, hiki i kahi wahine ke hoʻonui i ka hua a hiki i ka 15-20 tausani pōpilikia i kēlā me kēia kau.

No laila, ʻo ka aphids ka 3 o nā manawa palupalu i ka manawa o ko lākou luku ʻia ʻana i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau pōpoki i ka māla: ʻo ka hānai ʻana i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, ka wā lele o nā wīwī wahine, ke ʻano like o nā kāne ʻehā a hoʻi mai i ka host. ʻAʻole kēia ka manaʻo i ke koena o ka manawa ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kaʻao i nā lāʻau. Hoʻokele ke kau ʻana i kēlā me kēia 2 wiki a me ka mālamaʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau lāʻau. 3 manawa i koho ʻia - hiki ke luku nui ʻia, i loko o kēia manawa nānā nui a me ka mālama pono ʻana o nā mea kanu e pono ai.

ʻAkuhi ola ʻo Aphid

Kālā Aphid

ʻAi lihi ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka māla no ka hoʻoilo

e wehe i nā nāhelehele a pau ma lalo o nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, e ʻoki i nā pua basal, e haʻalele iā lākou ma waho o ka māla a luku a hoʻouna iā lākou i loko o ka lua wai;
ʻO nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo a me nā kumulima o nā kumulāʻau me nā lau lime i mākaukau hou me ka hoʻohui o ke keleawe keleawe, ka pālolo, nā lema PVA. I ka pūnāwai, ua hū hou ʻia ka whitewash i ka hopena o Pepeluali-Malaki. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka keʻokeʻo ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā pilina pili simbiotic me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā aphids a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I ka hoʻoilo, i kāu wā hoʻomaha, e nānā i ka ʻano o nā mea kanu a lawe aku i nā mea kanu huaʻai e like me ka poppy, nasturtium, cosmea, chamomile, mallow, chrysanthemums, Ierusalema artichoke a me nā kinipōpō mai nā māla kanu, a me viburnum a me linden mai nā hua lāʻau, kahi mamao aku i ka māla (a me ka māla). ʻO ia nā mea kanu punahele o nā aphids. Mai nā currants, gooseberries a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe, e lawe i nā mea kanu o nā kuʻuna a me nā kuʻuna, nā kuala, ka chicory,
i ke kauwela, e luku i ka anthills a i ka hāʻule, ma mua o ka hau, e eli i ka nui a me ka hoʻopiha me ka wai a i ʻole ka wai wale nō.

Nā ʻōpū ma Aphid i kahi rose. © ʻO Joseph O'Brien

ʻO ka hānau hānau ʻana ma nā aphids. © Kapena Wu

ʻO ke kiʻi akuaed o Green Rose Aphids (Macrosiphum rosae). © Bernard DUPONT

Hana nā wai i ka puna e pale i nā mea kanu mai nā aphids

I ka wā e hāʻule ai ka hau, e nānā i nā kīhāpai o ka māla, e hoʻokau e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻi, e lawe i ka ʻōpala.
ʻO nā anth an i ʻike ʻia, mālama ʻia mai ka ʻohi, pono e luku ʻia. Me ka nānā ʻana o nā popo mua ma ka lāʻau, kū hou i ka ʻili a me ka hoʻōla i nā lāʻau me ka hoʻomākaukau.
Hoʻokomo i nā kāʻei lawaiʻa i hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o ka pauna o ka aʻa paha. E hoʻopili i ka lula kūikawā i ke kaula a hoʻopili i kahi kāʻei hunai. ʻAʻole hiki i ka popo ke lanakila i ka pākē a make, me ka nui o nā hua aphid.
He weliweli ʻo Aphid no kona nui. ʻOi aku paha ma mua o 4000 mau tausani o nā aphids a me ka hapa nui ʻaʻole i hoʻopōʻino i kekahi, akā no kekahi mau moʻomeheu. No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pua o nā pua, pono ia e hana i ka pīpī mua ʻana o nā lāʻau hua āpau me nā hopena o ka nikotine sulfate a i ka nitrophene ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻōlelo wehewehe i ka lāʻau. E hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou hou i ʻōlelo ʻia i kou ʻāina.
No ka mea i ka wā kanu ka hua mua o ka huaʻai (raspberry, currants, gooseberries, etc.), ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā pua e pua, kūʻai aku iā lākou i ka wai wela (70-80 kūleʻa) ʻaʻohe mau mea lāʻau.
I ka manawa kauwela-kauwela, ʻaʻole hoʻoiho i nā mea kanu me ka nitrogen. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpiopio i nā aphids i kahi nohona maikaʻi, ʻoiai nā lau elastic a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio me nā ʻōpala ākea ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou.
I loko o kēia wā hana, ka pīpī ʻana nui. E holoi ia i ka lua, e kō ai i nā kime, nā hua aphid, a me ka aphid ia, i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka lepo. ʻAʻole pono e mālama hou i nā lāʻau me nā pesticides. Kūkulu i ka hoʻomoʻa ma o ka pīpī ʻana a hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka pua ʻana, i ʻole ai e hoʻomaloʻo i ka polikini.

Hana ka hana o ke kauwela

Me nā pua ulu e ulu ana, e hoʻomaka ana nā pua a me nā pua. ʻOiai ka nui o nā aphids, a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e hui pū me lākou i ke kauwela, hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau inā mālama ʻia lākou me nā ʻano leʻina o nā insecticides.

Aphids ma kahi kanu. © Mike Simpson

Nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu aphid

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani

Hoʻomaka a me nā lāʻau ʻekekika i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā aphids a me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe i mahele ʻia i nā hui 3.

ʻōnaehana
wahī
pili

Inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā ala āpau o ka hoʻolaha ʻia i loko o kahi pahu kāwili, a laila no ka manawa 3 (ʻekolu) e lawa ka hoʻāʻo.

ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻomaka o ka hua.
ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻomaka o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua ovary.
25-30 mau lā ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole e make wale nā mea inikua i nā mea make wale nō, akā he mea kōkua pū kekahi - nā manu, nā mea ʻona maikaʻi, a loaʻa kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hale a me nā holoholona. ʻO nā meaola e hoʻohana ai e pepehi i nā pōpoki i lawe ʻia mai nā mea kanu ma hope o 3-5 pule. ʻAʻole paʻa ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā huaʻai ma mua o ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻO nā huahana kemika no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā aphids

ʻO nā insecticides kaulana kaulana loa me ka hopena wikiwiki o ka luku, he actofit, karbofos, intavir, actara, spark, tanrek, komisina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā pepeke manuahi i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kikoʻī a me nā kuhikuhi pono. Ma nā ʻōlelo hōʻike, me ka ʻano o nā ʻano, nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka noi, hāʻawi ʻia nā manawa hoʻolele.

E hana me nā mea inikia insecticides i ke kapa pale pale, nā paʻa, nā goggles a me kahi respirator. E hoʻopili iā lākou ma muli o nā loiloi. Ke hoʻonui nei i ka maʻi, hōʻemi i ka manawa e kali ai a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana aʻe ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka hopena kūpono i manaʻo ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou hopena maikaʻi loa i ke olakino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākaukau no ka mea ola i nā māla liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu berry.

ʻO nā aphids biologis

Loaʻa i nā huahana biology kahi manawa e hānai ai i nā lā he 10-15, akā hoʻopōʻino maikaʻi loa i nā kānaka, nā manu a me nā holoholona a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea kanu a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, he mea kūpono loa no nā ʻano kanu. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu me kekahi mau huaola koi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hua i mea ʻai no nā lā 2-3.

ʻO nā bioinsecticides kaulana loa ka bitoxibacillin, acarin, spark-BIO a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kā lākou kumu ke ola nui i nā microorganisms (nā ʻāpana like o nā fungi, nā bacteria). Maikaʻi ʻo nā Bioinsecticides ʻaʻole wale i ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā aphids, akā i nā meaola ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā bioinsecticides he 10-20 mau lā a no laila e hoʻihoʻi hou ka pipi. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa kēia mau huahana biola no nā pākeke, nā keiki, nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā mea hihiu maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia nā kumukūʻai a me nā wā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā pale a i nā hōʻike ʻana paha.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Bioinsecticides a hiki i nā wā kanu pua ke komo pū bioinsecticide trichopolum (kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau alakaina ma ke ʻano he therapeutic no nā maʻi maʻi bacterial). No ka hoʻouluʻana, hoʻohemo i nā papa he 20 i ka 10 l o ka wai. E hoʻohālikelike me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe, akā koi nō naʻe i nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka Trichopolum ʻaʻole wale nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, akā nā mea kanu hua ʻai (kamato, kukama, dill, me nā mea). Hoʻolaha ka lōʻihi o ka hana e ka ua, akā ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ua, hiki i ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka hoʻonā uila me nā wīwī. Kupanaha ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi fungal o nā hua i ka manawa like i nā pōpoki.

Hua ʻōpiopio "arrow" i loko o kona mea ʻike he bitoxibacillin. He kūpono no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea kanu a pau o ka māla, nā māla a me nā home. ʻO ka huahana biologis, ʻoi aʻe ma o ka hopena maikaʻiʻole i ka aphids a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe, he lole maikaʻi nō hoʻi no ka home kuʻuna a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huahana olakino he 2-3 mau pule, ma hope o ke kau ʻia o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi kūleʻa i ka 10 l o ka wai e hoʻokaʻawale i ka 50 g o kahi hoʻomākaukau powder, kāwili pono. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kāwili pū ʻana ma hope o ke nānā ʻana no ka hoʻokō.

ʻO ka pale o ke kanaka i ka wā e hoʻoili ai i nā mea kanu ua palena ʻia i nā aniani a me nā kūlima. Hiki ke lawe i ka pīpī i ka wā o ka pua. Make nā aphids i loko o 2 mau lā. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka huahana biolo no ka hoʻohana ʻana mai ka puna mua a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻO ka manawa hoʻoluhi he mau lā 5-6, a laila hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā hua a me nā lau. Ma kahi o nā bioinsecticides i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a wehewehe i luna, e hōʻike hou ʻia ana nā huahana olakino hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I loko o nā hale, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia nā pehu me nā mea kemika.

Hoʻopili i nā mea olakino a me nā lāʻau olakino no ka hoʻomake ʻana i nā pōpoki, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā ala ʻē aʻe o ka wehe ʻana o ka pepeke maikaʻi ʻole.

Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hoʻopili i nā loina o ka lāhui e hakakā i nā aphids a me nā pōpilikia pili, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i nā lako e pono ai i ka hāʻule: ʻo ka ʻalāke pōkole me nā poʻo pono ʻole, ke kāleka, nā ʻuala ʻili, nā aʻa dandelion, ka lehu, ka umikena holoi. Inā loaʻa ka ʻohana i nā keiki, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā infusions a me nā decoction o nā mea make lāʻau. ʻO kēia mau infusions ka mea ʻawaʻawa ʻaʻole wale no nā mea kanu o nā māla lāʻau, akā no nā kānaka.

Mai nā ʻōhua o ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo:

ʻO ka lehu a me ka ʻōnaʻi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO 2-3 mau kapu o ka lehu e ninini ana i 10 mau wai o ka wai mahana, e koi i nā lā 2-3, kānana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pane i kahi ʻāpana o ka umu palapu maʻa ʻīpī a pīpī i ka wā o ke kolo ʻana o nā hua a me nā hua ʻai.
Hoʻonala Wīwī Garila Dandelion. ^ E Ha yM. Kāpī maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu dandelion (puaʻa a me nā aʻa) a me nā poʻo keokeo, ma kēlā me 400 a me 200 g, waiwai i loko o 10 l o ka wai mahana. E waiho i ka mea hoʻomohala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā hola 2-3, kānana a hoʻohana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mahele o ka pua pua a ma hope o ka pua ʻana.
Onika ʻili me ke kāleka (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā poʻo) keʻokeʻo maikaʻi, ninini i ka wai mahana. Waiho ʻia no 2-3 lā. E hoʻomoʻi, hoʻoheheʻe i ka hopena hopena 3 mau manawa a hoʻohana i ka peʻa, a hoʻoneʻe i ka nui o ka fermula i ka lua wai.

He mau haneli o ia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma ka Pūnaewele, akā e makaʻala. Ma ka home hiki ʻole ʻoe e kuke i nā decoction a me nā infusions mai nā mea kanu ʻino (hemlock) a hoʻoiho iā lākou me ka moʻomeheu. Hiki i kekahi mea ma ka ʻohana ke ʻai i nā hua a i ʻole nā mea ʻala a make ʻole ʻia.

ʻApū ʻo Aphid, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i nā mea ʻala ʻapo. Hoʻopohala ʻo Fennel, ke kāleka, marigolds, maki ka makeke, a me petunia, mallow, begonia, nasturtium iā ia me kā lākou mea momona. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu mua ma nā pā o ke kahe o nā moena, a me ka lua - hala. ʻO ka ʻala ʻono e hoʻoiho i nā aphids. Akā i ka hāʻule, pono e luku ʻia ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kēia mau mea kanu, no ka mea ua loaʻa nā aphids i kā lākou kauwalulu ovipositions ma luna o lākou. Ma ke ala, viburnum, cherry manu, linden he mau mea maikaʻi loa ia no nā aphids-settlers. E hoʻohana iā lākou i nā wahi mamao (mai ka māla a me ka māla) kanu kanu.

Wahi a ka poʻe - ʻaʻohe nightingale, maikaʻi ʻole ka pūnāwai, a ʻo ka māla me ka manu ʻole he uʻuku. E hoʻokaʻawale i kāu kīla me nā manu manu, no nā ladybugs (nā ʻenemi maikaʻi loa o nā aphids), e hoʻolaha i ka calendula. No nā lacewings, hoverflies, wasps, ground beetles a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe, cumin, parsley, marigolds, umbilicus, dill, coriander ua kūpono. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi i loko o ka māla, nā mehe a nā aliʻi, ka poʻe hakakā, nā kime, nā halepona e kū mai, e hoʻomaʻoliʻoli maikaʻi ʻia ʻoe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka māla o nā pōpoki. Aia nā mea koho iā ʻoe - e launa pū me ke ʻano kino a ʻaʻole ia e ona i ka lāʻau me nā pesticides a i ʻole he noho wale i ka māla, akā "make".