He mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi a i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi paha a hiki i ka 10 m kiʻekiʻe (ma muli o ke ʻano like) a me kahi pūnaʻu ikaika ikaika a hiki i ka 4-5 m ka hohonu. Hiki ke lei a ka lei o ka kumulāʻau, pyramidal, pīhoihoi a ʻuwē hoʻi.
Nā Aliʻi (Prunus dulcisi ka wā o mua - Prunus amygdalus a i ʻole ʻO Amygdalus komunis) - lāʻau kanu subgenus Almonds (Amygdalus) huaʻai Plum. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā Almonds e like me nā nati, ʻoiai mai kahi ʻano koi o ke ʻano he ʻano lāʻau.
Hoʻomaka nui ʻia nā Almonds i nā ʻāina me kahi āina wela, a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka US US mua ua ulu a ulu ʻia ma Central Asia, Transcaucasia, Crimea, i nā wahiʻo Danube a me nā ʻāpana hema.
ʻApala Almond (Prunus dulcis)Hōʻike Almond
ʻElua mau subspecies o ke almond maʻamau - ʻawaʻawa (wild) a hoʻoulu i ka momona. Aia ka hua (ʻona) i ka ʻawa a hiki i ka 4% amygdalin, kahi mea e hāʻawi ai iā ia i ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa a me kahi ʻohu "almond" ʻano; I nā ʻōlelo o ka waiwai momona, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka palama almond i ka berena, ka waiū a me ka i hui pū ʻia. Mamuli o ka ʻano a me ka wahi o ka ulu, loaʻa iā 54-62% mau aila momona, 22-34% protein, 4-7% Sugars, vitamina B1, B2, etc. Me nā aila Almond ʻaʻole e wela. Mahalo i ko lākou mau waiwai, hiki ke mālama ʻia a me nā ʻai i nā makahiki he nui.
ʻO nā pua almond ka nui, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha (hiki i ke kīleʻa i nā ʻalemona (ʻelua) me nā mea ʻala. Kuhi ʻia nā lāʻau almond (Malaki-ʻApelila) i helu ʻia ma mua o nā mea kanu meli mua, e hāʻawi ana i ka 40 kg o ka meli i kēlā hekahi.
Hoʻomaka nā lāʻau alona i ka hua i ka makahiki 4-5 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, a komo i ka hua piha i loko o ka makahiki 10-12. ʻO ka hāleʻa awelika, ma muli o nā ʻano like, mai 6 a 12 kg ka ʻalani walnut mai kahi lāʻau, a ʻo ke ola o ka lāʻau ponoʻī he 60-100 mau makahiki.
Hoʻomaʻawale ʻole i nā hua almond unripe © Fir0002 / FlagstaffotosʻO ka hua almond he drupe e nānā a like me kahi hua melika ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka pericarp a pubescent, ʻāwīwī ma hope o ka ʻūwili ʻana (i ka mahina o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa) i ʻelua lau ma ka lula, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka pōhaku.
E like me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonaninani, nā hua o nā ʻalemona, ʻoi aku i ka ʻano, he hiki ke paʻakikī, ʻūlū, a me nā pale ma luna. ʻO ka mānoʻopaʻa o ka honu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pakeneka o ka hopena o ka lānai. No ka laʻana, inā ʻo nā ʻatikala o ke kao i loko o kahi pānaʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 40%, a laila ua emi ka paʻakikī o ka pili mai ka palupalu palupalu i ka pepa, ka mea i luku ʻia e nā manamana lima wale nō.
I ka helehelena a me ke ʻano, he like nō ka meka almond kolo me ke kuʻopele apricot, akā ʻoi aku ka nui - ʻo ia ka huina mai 0.9 a 2.2 g.
Ke ulu nui nei nā Almond
He fotophilous ka alopeke, ka ua mau ka ua, ka lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi, ke paʻakikī-maloʻo: ke kūpaʻa nei i nā frost o minuke 25 ° C, akā he mea make loa nā lua wai.
No ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻalemona, pono e koho i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻāpana nui a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, mālama ʻia mai ka mana like o ka hau ʻākau ma ke komohana, ʻĀkau a me nā makani ʻākau. No nā ʻalemona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā “amphitheaters” e wehe ʻia i ke kūkulu hema.
ʻO ka hua a me ka hua ("nut") o nā ʻalemona. © NovaO ka lepo. E ulu maikaʻi nā Almonds a hua mai i nā kukui māmā a me nā loams, a me nā chernozems maʻamau, carbonate a me ka leaded. ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka lime i loko o ka lepo a i ʻole subsoil e hōʻike i kona kūpono no ka māla almond. Pono lākou i ka hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia, no laila nāu ʻuala a me nā pālolo paʻakai ma kahi kūpono ʻole.
ʻO ke kanu almond
Ke lawe ʻia nei ka kanu ʻana e nā pua makahiki a pau i ka ʻīlī a i ka wā mua e like me ka hoʻolālā 7 × 5 a i ʻole 7 × 4 me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pālapa. Pono nā ʻano ʻalani a pau o ke mau ʻalemona, no laila ke kanu ʻia nā ʻano nui me nā ʻaina polling he 4-6, eia ka mea (i ka wā kanu. I nā huaʻōlelo, no ka lāʻau almond e hoʻohua i ka hua ma hope o ka pua ʻana, nā lāʻau o ʻokoʻa a ʻekolu mau mea e ulu kokoke ma kahi kokoke. ʻO nā alona kahi huaʻai he nui make-poll poll kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka pi. No laila, ma mua o ka pua ma ka māla, ua pono e kau i nā hives 3-4 i kēlā hectare.
Hoʻopilikia almond
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻalemona i ka nui o nā mea i ulu - ma o ka pua (inoculation), me nā hua ʻai. ʻO nā huaʻala he mau mea ʻala o nā ʻamā o nā ʻalani maloʻo a me nā koala hoʻi, nā puna, nā ʻōpala cherry a i ʻole plums, i kanu ʻia i nā makahiki ʻelua.
ʻApana alemona. © Manfred HeydeʻĀpana Aliʻi
Ma hope koke o ka kanu ʻana i ka pūnāwai, e pōkole nā hua almond makahiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 80-120 cm, e kūkulu ana i kahi ʻula 60-80 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, a ma ka pāpale aliʻi 30-40 cm. ʻO nā lālā āpau ma ka lāʻau ua ʻoki ʻia i kaula, a ma ka lei aliʻi ua pōkole lākou e nā maka 2-3. . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā wana i ulu nui ʻia, 3-4 o ka ikaika loa i waiho ʻia (mau kihi koena o ka kauoha mua). No nā makahiki he 3-4, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi lei e like me ke ʻano o ke kīwaha, like me nā peach.
Kūpono i nā lāʻau ʻalemona no ka makahiki 4-5 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ke aniani - e wehe i nā lālā e hoʻonui i ka lei, nā wī momona a me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Hoʻohāliko ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma mua o 60 cm, a ua pōkole nā hapalua, a me nā lālā hapalua ma mua o 4-5 mau makahiki i ka lāʻau lāʻau ʻekolu makahiki.
Hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i nā lāʻau almond kahiko a i ʻole a pau i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wā kahiko. Inā ʻaʻole e kahakaha nā lāʻau i kahi mau lōʻihi, a laila e hoʻomohala ka nui o nā lālā momona i luna o lākou, e hoʻonui lōʻihi ʻia nā lālā semi-skeletal, a laila e lilo ka hua o ka hua.
ʻO ka mālama ʻokoʻa
I ka wā kanu i nā ʻalani almond, pono e mālama ʻia ka lepo ma lalo o ka moku ʻeleʻele, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka papa maʻamau, a hoʻōla ʻia inā hiki. I ka hopena o ka hopena o ka ʻūlū, pono ke noi ʻia nā mea kanu - mea pilikino (manure, compost, droppings manu), ka paʻakai phosphoric a me ka paʻakai. Pono ka palapala o nā nitrogen e hoʻopili ma mua o Iune, akā ʻaʻole ma hope.
