ʻO Tomato inoa

ʻO kā Tomato kekahi o nā mea kanu makemake ʻia. Ua ulu nā mea e kēlā mau māla i haʻalele ʻole i ka māla i ka ʻoluʻolu o nā mea kanu. Ua hoʻonui aku nā hakanoa ʻōpiopio ma mua o 25 tausani mau ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā ʻōmato o nāʻokoʻa like ʻole, nā kala a me nā ʻōpua mua no nā wahi like ʻole. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole nā mea āpau a ʻaʻole i kūleʻa mau i ka ulu ʻana i kahi mākato maikaʻi. Nui kekahi mau mea huna i ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā ʻōmato momona a maikaʻi i mālama ai nā mea mahiʻai a hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.

Tomato (lat.Solánum lycopérsicum) - kekahi kanu pua o ka ʻohana Solanaceae o ka ʻohana Solanaceae, hoʻokahi a ʻehā mau makahiki mauʻu. Hoʻohui e like me ka hua lāʻau. Kālai ʻia nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻi. ʻAno hua - berry.

Noʻo mai ka inoa ʻōmato. ʻO ka pomo dʻoro kahi paila gula. Aia ka inoa maoli o nā Aztecs - matl, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ka Palani iā ia i loko o ka Wīwī - tomate (kamato).

Homeland - ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i loaʻa ai i nā mea hihiu a me nā Semikult i nā ʻano kamato. I waenakonu o nā kenekulia XVI, hele mai ka ʻōmato ma Sepania, Pokukala, a laila hiki i Italia, Palani a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻEulopa, a i ka kenekulia XVIII - i Russia, kahi i hana mua ʻia ai ua kanu lā. Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu huaʻai e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻenekena Lūkini-agronomist A.T. Bolotov (1738-1833). No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻoʻia nā tōmato i ka make a hiki i ka mea ʻawaʻawa. Ua hoʻolako ʻo nā māla ʻEulopa iā lākou he mea kanu lāʻau nani. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻōlelo botani ʻAmelika i kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a ke kākā kipi i mea e hōʻino iā George Washington me kahi pā kamato. ʻO ka pelekikena mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e nānā i ka meaʻai kuke, hele i ka hana ʻoihana me ke aʻo ʻole ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni.

ʻO Tomato i kēia lā kekahi o nā mea kanu kaulana loa ma muli o kāna pono momona a me nā meaʻaiʻai, nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole, a me ka pane kiʻekiʻe ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau kanu i hoʻohana ʻia.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka papa ākea, ma lalo o nā hale kiʻi kiʻi, i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā hale wela, ma nā balconies, loggias a hiki i loko o nā keʻena ma nā waihona window.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka kanu ʻana i nā kamato

Noi aku nā Tomato i kaʻohana. ʻO ka mahana maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wā ma ke ao he 22-23 tikelī, i ka pō - 17-18 tikelika. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka mea hōʻino no lākou. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻōmole i ka māmā, no laila, mai kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi e ʻānai ʻia e ka lā.

Hiki ke ulu i kā Tomato ma kekahi lepo, akā kahi lepo maikaʻi loa kahi maloʻo, hoʻoluʻolu maikaʻi, maloʻo. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e ʻoka ai i kahi kumumanao no ka kanu ʻana i nā kamato, pono ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi māla maikaʻi o ka humus (16-20 kg o humus ma 1 sq. Meter). Hāʻawi kēia i nā meaʻai kūpono a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Ke kanu i kahi'ōmato

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau pōkole liʻiliʻi kēia no ka kamato.. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka lepo i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai ka honua i kahi mahana o 10 mau kiʻekiʻe a ma luna: e pili ana i ʻekolu pule ma hope o ka hau hope.

I kiʻi i kahi hua kamato maikaʻi, pono e ulu pono i nā hua. Hiki ke ulu i nā hua kanu i loko o kahi lumi ma nā windowsill. No ka loaʻa o nā hua piha, pono ʻoe e lūlū ʻelua ʻelua mau hua he nui a kanu wale ʻia nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia i loko o nā aniani no ka kanu hou ʻana. I nā makahiki 45-65, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka lepo ma luna o ka papahele a i ʻole nā pali.
Ma waena o Rūsia, maʻa mau nā pōkole, me nā pō anuanu. I kēlā mau kūlana, e loaʻa i kahi hua piha i koʻaila, ua manaʻo ʻia e ulu i nā kamato i loko o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi kiʻi.

Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu ma ka māla

I ka ʻāina ākea, mālama ʻia kahi wahi lā i ka kanu ʻana i nā kamato, pale ʻia mai nā makani anuanu. ʻAʻole kūpono nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā haʻahaʻa a me ka wai kūpono, ka mea e hoʻokumu ai i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ke aʻa o nā mea kanu. ʻOi ʻia nā ʻāina loloa me ka hoʻohui o nā manamana organik.

ʻO ka mea makemake maikaʻi no ka tōmato nā legumes, paki hua kanu, nā mea kanu hua. ^ E Ha yM. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka maʻi me nā ʻaina lohi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā kamato ma hope o nā hua kanu, nā kāpeti, ka hua manu, physalis.

K kanu ʻia nā hua kanu ma kahi paʻa i ka wā o Mei. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu i ka puʻu ao i ke kakahiaka, i ka lā - i ka lā ahiahi, i hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke manawa e ulu ikaika ai a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka lā nahona mua. I ka wā kanu, pono nā mea kanu, ʻoiai iki ka leʻaleʻa o nā mea kanu i ke ola i ko lākou ulu ʻana, e alakaʻi i ka palupalu o nā pua mua a me ka nalowale o ka hua mua.

No ka loaʻa o ka hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomaka mua, ua kanu ʻia nā kāmato ma ka moena i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei me ka uhi ʻia o ka Lutrasil a i ʻole he kiʻi ʻāpana pololi a hiki i ka mahana wela (a hiki i Iune 5-10), laila e hoʻohemo ʻia ke kiʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi i ka tōmato me Lutrasil i ke kauwela. E hoʻonui nui ka hōʻiliʻili.

Mākaukau ʻia nā ʻōmaka no ka tōmato 5-6 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. ^ E Ha yM. Ma mua o ka eli ʻana, pono lākou e mālama ʻia me ka hopena o ka keleawe keleawe a i ʻole ka keleawe keleawe (1 mau kīpē i kēlā me 10 l o ka wai), me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka 1-1.5 l no 1 m2. Ma hope o kēia, ua hoʻokomo pono ʻia nā mea ʻala a me kekahi mau minuke mineral, 1 pālima o ka lepo lepo, ka peat a me ka sawdust, a me 2 mauʻa o ka superphosphate, 1 mau pālepa o ka pālea pākaʻi a 2 mau pona o ka lehu lāʻau e hoʻohui ʻia i ka pālolo a me ka lepo loamy no ka 1 m2 o nā moena.

A laila e hoʻomoʻa ka moe i kahi hohonu o 25-30 cm, hoʻāʻā ʻia a hoʻoinu ʻia me ka hopena o ka wela (80-90 ° С) pākana o ka potassium permanganate o kahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o 3-4 l no 1 m2.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻopulupulu i ka lepo o ka lepo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole paʻa ka lāʻau i ka lepo, a he 15 mau lā wale nō ma hope o ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 12 cm.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i nā lālani 2. No nā ʻano ka nui o ka laina o ka lālani he 60 cm, a ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu he 50 cm. No ka nui o ka ulu ʻana (ʻano maʻamau) ʻano o ka laka-laina - 50 cm, ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā mea kanu - 30 cm. Hoʻomau koke i nā pā pihi 80 cm kiʻekiʻe.

A hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu (8-10 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana), ʻaʻole lākou i inu. I ka manawa mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ʻoiai inā makemake ʻia nā frost liʻiliʻi e pono ai iā lākou he wahi e pono ai i ka ahiahi.

Mālama

Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā tōmato, ma hope o ʻekolu pule, ua hānai mua ʻia ka mea kanu.. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, no kēlā me kēia mea kanu e pono ai nā mea kanu wai kūpono a me ka nitrophos. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana o ka pua mohala lua, ua hana ʻia kahi kapa lua aʻe. Pono kekahi mea kanu i hoʻokahi kīpē o superphosphate, kahi hapaha o ka paʻakai pākela pākaʻa ʻole a kahi mau papa o Signor Tomato pupuk ma ka 10 lita o ka wai.

I ka wehe ʻana o ke kolu o ka pua kolu, e hana i ke kapa kolu o ke kolu. Hoʻokahi mau kīʻaha o ka paʻakai sodium humate a kūpono pupuk ʻia paha no 10 pākaha o ka wai.

Hana ka ʻehā ʻai ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ke kolu. No kēia, kūpono ia ka superphosphate a i ʻole ka mea kanu manu.

ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka ulu mea kanu maikaʻi ma kahi o 20-25 degrees. E hoʻohua i nā ʻōmato ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā. ^ E Ha yM. Pōpō ka lā i hoʻokahi pule i ka hebedoma, a i loko o ke ao hāhai i ka hebedoma a me ka hapa. Ma hope o ka hoʻouluʻana, e hana maʻamau nā mea kanu. Hoʻopilikia ka makeu no nā kamato, no laila ke kōkua nei ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hana ʻana i kahi ʻū ma luna o ka makuhū a me ka moū i ka lepo. Make ka ʻōnaehana kumu me ka nui o ka umu a me ka nele o ka wela.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ʻōmato i ke ahiahi, no laila e liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi mai ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana.

Hoʻomoeʻia nā tōmato

Nā huʻu

Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā hua ʻōmato no nā ʻumikumamālima mau minuke i ka ʻōmole o ka ʻeleʻele permanganate. ^ E Ha yM. Kūleʻa nā hua maikaʻi a maloo, a ʻaʻole mau nā līlīwī i nā hua ma ke kua o ka hopena wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana me ka potassium permanganate, hopu ʻia nā huaʻala mai ka hopena a kau i loko o kahi lole pale.

Hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi kā Tomato i kahi manawa lōʻihi: mai nā lā ʻekolu a i hoʻokahi pule. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia manawa holoʻokoʻa ka lole, akā ʻaʻole ʻū. Inā maloʻo ka lole, a laila ʻaʻole aloha ka māmato.

Ke puka ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua liʻiliʻi mai ka hua (ʻelima milimita), kanu ʻia ka hua ma ka ʻāina a ma kahi hohonu o 2 mau kenimika. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā hua ma mua, akā naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana o ka potassium permanganate, kanu lākou i ka lepo.

Pono ka lepo ma kahi o nā mea e kanu ai ka palu, akā ʻaʻole momona..
A hiki i ka ʻike ʻana mai ka mea kanu mai lalo o ka lepo, a ʻoiai hoʻi o ka liʻiliʻi, he mea nui ia e hoʻomalo i ka lepo a i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e kahe.

A ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia. No laila, ua kauoha ʻia e kanu i nā hua i loko o nā pā nui no nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea kanu pākeke. A laila, ma ka puka ʻana o nā mea kanu mai lalo o ka ʻāina, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e ulu, ma loko o nā lau cotyledon, ka lau maoli mua, ua kanu pū ʻia.

Nā pākaukau

Inā loaʻa he ʻōmato, a laila e ʻokiʻoki i kāna ʻāpana, a i ʻole kahi lālā a a me ke aʻa. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke stepson, i lawe ʻia no ke kolo ʻana, pono ke lōʻihi o 15 a 20 kenimika.
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka wai, a pau nā lau a pau. He mea nui ia e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou holoʻokoʻa: hiki hoʻopiha piha ʻia nā lau petioles. Hoʻopili loa nā lau i waiho ʻia ma ka lewa e hōʻemi i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ʻuʻuku.

Ke kū nei nā aʻa, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka lepo.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā pa alaka, e hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā huaʻai i nā mea kanu ma mua (no ka 30 - 40 lā). ^ E Ha yM. Akā ʻo nā mea kanu i loaʻa i nā ʻokiʻī i nāwaliwali, a e hōʻemi i nā hua liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o nā mea i loaʻa.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

ʻO nā lau kamato i loaʻa nā mea iniseti insecticidal, no laila, hoʻohana kā lākou infusions a me ka decoction e kūʻē i nā aphids, nā lau ʻai i ka lau, kū i nā ʻōpala o ka ʻōpūʻehā o ka apple codling, nā anuʻi i ka ʻōpala kōpato a me ka lāʻau o ka sibeli, e kūʻē ana i ka wana gooseberry a me ognevka. ʻO ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻōmato i nā laina o nā gooseberries e makaʻu pū kekahi i ka sawfly a me ka ognevka. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia a pau, akā ʻo ka tōmato iho e lele ʻia e nā pōpoki, a i ka komo ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole.

Kikulu

He pōpoki liʻiliʻi kēia, a hiki i 1,5 mm lōʻihi. Hoʻokeʻe nā kino keʻokeʻo me nā ʻelua ʻelua o nā ʻēheu pauma-keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka pōʻino ka mea nui e hoʻopili ʻia e nā larvae whitefly, ʻae lākou i ka ʻele mea kanu, ka mea e waiho i nā lau i uhi ʻia i ka poni ʻulaʻula, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o nā mea kanu.

E hoʻemi i ka nui o nā keʻokeʻo, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea kanu i ulu i kokoke i kahi kīpō kamato. ʻO nā wehu kahi home o nā keʻokeʻo papa. A lele ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka tōmato i ka wā e wela ai ka hamaka.

He waiwai paʻa kaomi ʻokeo - ke kau nei ma nā kīhaha o ke kāleka, ka ʻalike i nā melemele pākaha, e ana iā 40 a 40 cm. Pale ka keʻokeʻo a melemele a pili i nā pahu. I ka wikiwiki o kona hopu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā lāʻau kamato, aʻo nā kīmole i lawe a holo wikiwiki i nā pahu.
Inā hiki, nā mea make etomophagous e ʻai ana i nā huaʻai whitefly: i hoʻohana ʻia nā, cyclones, phytosailuses, etc.

Gall Nematode.

Hoʻopili kāna mau ʻōpala i ka ʻāina a hānai i laila. I nā aʻa e ulu ai nā mea kanu, e hoʻokumu ʻia nā ulu. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu i ka mea i ulu, nāwaliwali palupalu a hoʻohua i nā hua.

I kāohi i nā hana komo: ka disinfection o nā mea kanu i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ponoʻī, me ka wehe ʻana i ka topsoil i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hoʻokaʻawale hohonu o ka ʻāina i koe.

ʻItelelo Spider mite.

ʻO kona mau ʻāpana he 0.4-0.5 mm. Noho lākou a ʻai i ka lalo o nā lau, kaʻi ʻana i ka hapai o ke kelepona a hana ʻana i ka lalo o ka lau me nā cobwebs. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pohō, ʻike ʻia nā wahi kukui ma ka lau, a laila discoloration o ka lau lauhele (marbling) i hoʻomaka a hoʻomaka nā lau. Ke alakaʻi kēia i ka hāʻule o nā pua a me nā lau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā i ka pulu ma ka eli ʻana i ka lepo, ka luku ʻana i nā nāhelehele, ke hoʻopau ʻana i nā lau i hōʻino ʻia, ke hōʻoki ʻana i nā pakanaka o ke ʻoliki a i ʻole ke kāleka me ka infusions inā i lawe ʻia nā hānō he 200 g i 1 lita wai. Pono ka mālama ʻia o nā mea kanu me Fitoverm, lawe ʻia 1 ml mika 1 ka wai o ka wai.

ʻO ka wāwae ʻeleʻele.

Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua kanu, e hoʻohemo ʻia kona ʻāʻī aʻa, nā puʻupu a me nā pu. Pi, maloʻo kēia mea kanu a make. Hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi me nā lepo o nā mea kanu, nā ʻalopō o ka lepo, ka hapa me nā hua.

Nā hana ʻohi ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole ka mānoanoa o nā mea kanu, e hoʻoulu ʻia me ka permanganate potasi, ua lawe ʻia he 3-5 g ka 10 lita o ka wai. I mea e pale ai i ka maʻi, hoʻopuka ka trichodermin i ka lepo ma mua o ke kanu.

Laha keʻokeʻo.

ʻO ka mālamalama kumu kumu o ka maʻi he hāpua e hoʻopōʻū i nā hua, nā lau a me nā kumu lāʻau. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma ka lau o ka ʻuala a inā ulu kokoke ia, a laila ma hope o nā lā 10-15 hiki ke puka mai ka maʻi i nā kamato. Hōʻike nā wahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i nā lau, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā kalaʻulaʻula i loko o nā hua, a laila e hoʻonui i ka nui a uhi i ka hua holoʻokoʻa. I mea e pale ai i ka maʻi, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻuala mai kāmato, e hana i kahi eli hohonu o ka lepo.

Nā hana ʻohi ke hoʻolilo nei i nā mea kanu me ka hoʻopono ʻōlima i ka wā o ka hua i kēlā me kēia 15-18 mau lā, mālama ʻia a hiki i 5 mau manawa me ka wai o Bordeaux, a ma ka hōʻailona mua loa - ka mālama ʻana me ka hopena o ka sodium chloride.

Kāleka ʻāpana brown.

ʻO ka mā kumu kumu o ka maʻi he hāpua e pili pono ana i nā lau, ke kumu, emi iki pinepine - nā hua. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ma nā lau haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ka pua a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā huaʻai. A laila e pālahalaha aku ka maʻi ma nā lau o luna, e hele mai kēia i ka wā o ka ʻūhū ʻana o ka hua. Puhi ka ʻōpū me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai no ka pale ʻana o nā mea kanu i he mau hola o ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe ua lawa. ʻO ka manawa inkubation o ka maʻi he 10-12 mau lā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā pua o nā hua i ka maloo a me ka hoʻolima maikaʻi a hoʻomau a kū a hiki i 10 mau mahina. Me ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 70%, ʻaʻole e pā ka maʻi. I mea e pale ai i ka maʻi i nā hale kīmaʻomaʻo a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā lohi ua puhi lākou i ka pauna i nā mea kanu, hoʻololi i ka lepo.

ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi me kēia ʻōno ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā hoʻonā o ka baseazole a me phytosporin.

ʻO kahi nānā maloʻo a macrosporiosis paha.

Hiki ke kapa ʻia ia maʻi i ka nānā ʻia he brown brownting. Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū i nā lau, nā hua a me nā mea maʻamau, nā hua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahi poloka me nā poloka concentric i nā lau. Hoʻomaka a hoʻohui wale lākou a make nā lau. A laila make ke kumu, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻike ʻia ma ka hua, pohō loa, nui wale nō i ka lāʻau. Kolo maikaʻi ka ʻōpū i ka huki ʻana, i ka ua a me ka makani.

Hana ʻia nā wahi me kahi emulsion keleawe-lawe, lawe ʻia 20 g keleawe keleawe a me 200 g ka huapau ma 10 lita wai. Komi ʻia nā poʻo i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi he 7-10 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ai a hoʻopau ʻia.

Makemake ʻo Fusarium.

Hoʻoulu ia i nā mea kanu ʻōpala i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻomaʻo ka ʻala o nā lau, petioles lay, lau i ka melemele, mae, ʻōpala hiki ke maloʻo. Hoʻomaka ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka kumu kumu o ka maʻi ka ʻupena, hoʻoulu ia i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohuihui haʻahaʻa a me ka kukui ʻole. Noho mau ka kumu kumu o ka maʻi i ka lepo no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻopili ka ʻōlelo i ka aʻa a me nā moku wai o ka mea kanu. E makemake nā mea kanu, no ka mea kahakahuʻiʻai kaʻai koko a me nā mea inu i ka mea kanu me nā mea huna. I mea e pale ai i ka maʻi, pono ia e mālama i kahi kaona maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ma ka hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, e hoʻoneʻe i ka mea kanu i pā ʻia me ka lepo i kāna aʻa.

E hakakā me ka maʻi, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā mea kanu me kahi hopena o baseazole a phytosporin paha.

Palapala Vertex.

ʻO kēia ka maʻi maʻamau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e nā hua uliuli a ʻala.Palapala papa pālahalaha, concentric, mahele paha nā wahi ma luna o kahi kuʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūpū a me nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻoulu ka maʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ma 30-32 °) a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻopilikiaʻia ka maʻi e ka nele o ka calcium i ka lepo, ka mea i kūlike loa i nā kumu paʻakai. Ke hoʻonui nei ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā maniua fosfor-potassium i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi.
Hiki ke hele mai ka pala Vertex ma ka piko o ka hua a i ke ʻano o nā wahi hina hina me nā palahalaha ākea a i ʻole he lika paha. ʻO nā maʻi maʻa mau e hoʻomau nei i nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu a ma luna o nā mea kanu pōholi me ka mea ʻoi i ka pō. Hoʻalahalaha ʻia lākou e nā iniseti, nā ʻula.

ʻO ke ʻano kūpono o ka hakakā me ka vertex rot ka mālama ʻana o nā mea kanu me ka phytosporin.

ʻAnoʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo hoʻi o nā huaʻai.

Ke kū pinepine nei kēia mau pala i ke kumu o ka hua. ʻO ka hina hina kahi wahi hina hina kahi e hoʻolalelale koke ai i ka pūpū āpau. Ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka pala keʻokeʻo, ua uhi ʻia ka bebe me ka mycelium keʻokeʻo.

E hakakā i kēia mau maʻi me phytosporin.

Kūleʻa aiʻole nā kiko.

Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia maʻi ma ka maʻi mosaic bako. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻala kūleʻa i nā lau. Ma nā petioles, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā peduncles superficial intermittent o ka ʻulaʻula ulaula ke ʻano. Hōʻike pū nā kala Brown i nā huaʻai. Ma muli o ka hopena, ua make nā lau o nā mea kanu, kele a maloʻo a maʻalahi, i kekahi manawa ua make ka piko o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopuka ke koʻokoʻo i kahi mahana o 15-20 °, ma 24 ° a ma luna ua pau ka maʻi. ʻO ka manawa incubation o ka maʻi he 10-14 lā. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi streak ma nā koena i ka wā i hōʻoki ʻia ai a me nā huaʻala.

I mea e hoʻolaha liʻiliʻi ai ka maʻi i nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā mea kanu, pono ke hoʻopau ʻia nā koena o ka hōʻiliʻili, a pono e mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me phytosporin.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka kamato.

He maʻi maʻi kēia. ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huapalapala he 25-27 °, make ka huakini ma ka 50-53 °. Hoʻokomo ʻo Bacteria i ka mea kanu ma o nā hōʻeha a hoʻomaka mua ka ʻōnaehana vascular. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai o nā maʻi he hua a me ke koena o ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope. Hoʻokomoʻia ka Bacteria i ka lepo no ka makahiki hoʻokahi, a ma nā hua he 2.5-3 mau makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kanesa i ka wā e ulu ana e nā iniseti, ma o ka irrigation a me nā mea hana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia maʻi ma luna o nā mea kanu kahiko, ma kāna mau ʻāpana āpau. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōpū ʻōpala liʻiliʻi ma nā lau, nā lālā, nā petioles a me nā hua ʻōpala, a ʻike ʻia ke ahulau i nā hua. Ma nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua keʻokeʻo nā wahi ʻeleʻele me nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi pōʻele loa i ke kikowaena, a ma luna o nā mea momona - ʻulaʻula, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka halo māmā. Kokoke nā puna kokoke i ka ʻāʻī.

Kāohi ʻana: ka puhi ʻana o nā koina o ka mea kanu i ka wā o ka ʻohi a me ka mālama ʻana ma nā hua kanu ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, i loko o nā hola 12-24 o ka lawe ʻana i ka hopena o phytosporin.