Hāpai ka lāʻau Walnut o Australia i kapa ʻia ʻo Macadamia, i nā wahi subtropical o Ausetalia, me nā anuanu haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻōpū wela. E aloha ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia a me ka maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōpala Macadamia ma o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻiliʻili manu ʻana ua hana ʻo macadamia ka pā maikaʻi loa i ka honua.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo Macadamia e ka mea kākau Kelemania ʻo Ferdinand von Muller, a ua kapa ʻia kona inoa ma o ke kanaka nui ʻo Australian Australian John Macadam. Ma mua o kēia, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻala i kahi ʻano: mullimbimbi, boomer, kindal. I kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi i ka inoa "Macadamia" i ka mea kanu a me kāna hua.
Macadamia (Macadamia)) a i ʻole nā mea ʻalaau a Australia, a i ʻole Kindal - he ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Proteaceae (Proteaceae).
Wale ʻO Macadamia. © Kahele & Kim StarrʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Macadamia
Kūleʻa nā ʻano kupanaha o ka macadamia 10 i 15 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe me ka lei ākea ākea. Hoʻopuka kēia lāʻau palupalu i nā momona momona, i hoʻopili ʻia ma nā ʻili paʻakikī. ʻAi ʻia nā hua ʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo macadamia. ʻO ka lau ʻo Macadamia ka momona, kahi momona ʻono a me nā ʻono maikaʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻōpala ma waena o Malaki a me Kepakemapa, akā i kekahi manawa e hūloi ana ka hua ma ka makahiki.
ʻO nā pollinators maoli o ka macadamia nā meli, ʻaʻole wale i hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia i kēia hana, akā hana pū kekahi i ka meli mai ka hae a me ka nectar.
He pua liʻiliʻi nā pua Macadamia, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, pua lākou i ka lōʻihi o ka inflorescores like me ka pepeiao a me ka pepeiao. Mai ia mau mea he mai momona momona.
ʻO nā nati o ka mea kanu o kahi ʻano kikoʻī piha kūpono, ma kahi he 1,5-2 cm ka lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia me ka hiʻi ʻulaʻula nui o ke kaila ʻōmaʻala-paʻakikī, paʻakikī, me kahi mānoʻu ʻoi ʻole ka haʻalele mai ka pūpū.
Nā ʻano o Macadamia
ʻEiwa mau ʻano o ka macadamia, ʻelima o ia ulu wale nō ma Australia. ʻEkolu mau ʻano o lākou i kanu ʻia: Macadamia integrifolia, Macadamia ternifolia, a me Macadamia tetraphylla. A ʻelua wale nō nā manu (Macadamia integrifolia a me Macadamia tetraphylla) hiki ke ʻai maka. ʻO nā māla ʻo Macadamia aia ma Australia, Kaleponi, Pasila, ʻAmelika Hema, a me Hawaii.
ʻO ka lāʻau Macadamia - nā momi o ʻAmelika, a i ʻole kindal (Macadamia).
Ke ulu nui nei ʻo Macadamia
ʻO ke anuanu kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka macadamia ka hūnū o nā subtropics, me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo (ʻaʻohe hau), me ka ua o 200 - 250 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke ulu nā lāʻau i nā wahi me ka ua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā e koi i ka hoʻohui.
Hiki ke ulu ʻia kēia mau lāʻau ulu i loko o ka māla hoʻoilo home, kahi e emi ʻole ai ka panu o ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o +3 degere Celsius.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka lāʻau Macadamia lāʻau i kahi hāʻule i kahi emi i ke 0 Celsius, pinepine lākou i ka pōʻino. ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no ka uluʻana he awelika waena o 20 ... 25 ° C. Makemake nā lāʻau Macadamia i nā wahi i pale ʻia mai ka makani. Pono lākou e kanu ʻia i nā māla i ka lā, ʻoiai kahi kūpono pū kekahi.
E makemake ʻo Macadamia i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka mea ʻūhū, a ulu pū ma luna o ka ʻāina lepo lepo, kahi i lawa ai ka haki. Loaʻa ka pH (acidity) o ka lepo ma waena o 5.5 a me 6.5.
Ke kanu nei i kahi lāʻau macadamia, pono ʻoe e eli i kahi lua i ʻelua mau manawa a ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o ka nui o ke aʻa. Ke kanu nei i kahi kumulāʻau i kahi lua, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomohala i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea kanu ma lalo o ka pae o ka lepo.
Nā hua ʻona o ka macadamia a i ʻole walnut a ʻAiola.
Hoʻomoe o ka macadamia
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Macadamia e ka hua a me ke kāwili. Hoʻonui ka huaʻai i kahi mahana o + 25 ° C, a hoʻomaka nā hua lāʻau e hua i nā hua he 8-12 mau makahiki. No nā kumuhana pālepa, hoʻomōhulu nā lāʻau ma ke kālai ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hoʻohua i ka hua i ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Kūpono ka lāʻau macadamia pākahi i kahi o 100 kg o nā nati i hoʻokahi makahiki no 40 a 50 mau makahiki.
