Ephedra, a i ʻole Ephedra - kahi puʻu ulu

Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka ephedra ma waena o nā māla launa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māla. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o kona lei mānoanoa, he sod makukohu, a me kahi lei lei nani o ka hua ruby, e maʻalahi maʻalahi ka hoʻohui i ke kāmeʻa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kekahi ensemble. Aʻo ka huaʻōlelo maʻalahi "conifer" i ka ʻike ʻana o kēia hana mana liʻiliʻi e noʻonoʻo koke i ka manaʻo. Mai kahi mamao loa, nānā ka mea, ephedra, wulu, kokoke - kiʻi, akā ke ʻano nui. Akā ʻo kona ikaika a me ka hiki ke ulu i luna me ke kālailai pale.

Ephedra, a i ole Conifer (Ephedra) - he pua lāʻau o ka ʻohana Ephedra, a i ʻole Ephedra (Ephedraceae).

E nānā: ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo Conifers (Pinophyta), a i ʻole nā mea kanu - nā mea kanu i ulu nā hua kanu i loko o nā cones (cedar, fir, larch, spruce, pine, etc.).

ʻO ka Horsetail Ephedra, a i ʻole Ephedra Horsetail (Ephedra equisetina). © Lazaregagnidze

Nā Kūlana Kūlana o ka 'Oihana

Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o kēia peʻa kupaianaha me kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi - horsetail. Ma nā wahi hoʻolōʻihi a me ka punohu, ʻaʻole i ulu ka konifer i ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau, akā e lilo i mau lāʻau mānoʻo, lauwele a me nā mea kupanaha o kahi ʻano lihi. Akā i nā wahi me nā aniani ikaika, ulu ka ephedra i ke ʻano o ka squat, shrubbery e ulu nui ana ma ka laulā.

ʻO ka Ephedra kahi puʻupuʻu kahi paʻakikī loa i nā lau. Kūleʻa, ultrafine, hoʻopohapiha, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā ʻoki, hoʻemi ʻia i nā vaginal scaly. ʻO nā lālā "ʻōpiopio" o kēia puʻupuʻu e haku i kahi lei ākea a maikaʻi loa, e ulu ana i ka nui o nā mea kupanaha a me ka ʻoi ʻana o nā "ʻono pono." Whorled (a hiki i 4 ʻoki) a i ʻole kūʻē a kūʻē, kū kekahi, me nā internode pōkole, ʻike maoli lākou e like me ka horsetail, akā nui loa. ʻOkoʻa loa ka kala o nā ʻōpū o ephedra. Ma kekahi mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole, he ʻulaʻula, emerald green, a ʻoi aku hoʻi he brown marshy, i kekahi mau ʻūlū āpau. A, ma muli o ke kānāwai, hoʻololi kēia mea kanu i ka ʻano i ka lepo a me nā kūlana, i kēlā me kēia māla i ʻano like ʻole ia.

Ephedra daursky, a i ʻole Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica). © ʻĀina maʻa

Akā, ʻaʻole wale ka lei nani nani o ka ulu lāʻau, akā, nā nani, nā hua ʻula hoʻi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia i nā hua wale nō ke ʻano o ka maʻi: ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ephedra, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā konohiki like me ke ʻano, ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻano noho i ka ʻiʻo a me ka maikaʻi. Ma muli o ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole lau, ʻano like lākou i ka lei i hoʻopuni ʻia ma ka ulu lāʻau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua waina ma hope o ka pua honu ma mua o ka pua, ma kahi o ka mea kanu i hoʻokuʻu aku ai i nā pua kāne i ʻohi ʻia i nā kumulāʻau a loaʻa ma nā wana o nā pua, i lilo pinepine i hoʻokahi pua pua wahine. ʻO ka melemele o ke kala o ka pua i ka melemele, i ka manawa keke, i loko o nā ʻano conifers like ʻole, ulu ka pua i ka hoʻomaka a i ka hopena o ke kauwela (a ua ʻūhū nā huaʻaila mai Iulai a ʻOkakopa, ma mua).

Hoʻohui pū ʻo Ephedra i kahi "hana" kupanaha me ke kūlana o kahi ʻano lapaʻau koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole kūpono nā hua a kā lākou huaʻai no ka meaʻai, akā, no ka momona loa. ʻAʻole he mea kuhi ʻia lākou i kapa ʻia "bepace piipi" a hiki i kēia lā ma Siberia ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka aika a me nā hika.

Ephedra o ke kanikau, a ʻo Ephedra funerea. © Tucapel

Nā ʻano o ka ephedra, a i ʻole nā conifers

I loko o nā huaʻai o nā conifers, aia ma kahi o nā ʻano lāʻau 42 a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, he nui ka manawa - nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻole. Akā like lākou like like me kekahi me kekahi ke hiki i kēlā me kēia ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻano kaʻawale hoʻokahi wale nō me ka noiʻi akahele i nā ʻano o ka pua a me nā hua ma ka mea kanu. ʻOiai ke kūlike o nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka ephedra i nā mea kanu manu maoli, ʻoiai ua loaʻa kekahi i ke kūlana o nā hōkū o ka hoʻolālā kiʻi ʻānela.

He kiʻekiʻe ka conifer, a i ole Ephedra kiʻekiʻe, a i ole Ua kiʻekiʻe nā Ephedra (ʻO Ephedra nui) - kahi puʻupuʻu nui me nā mānoanoa pōkole, pīhoihoi a pōkole hoʻi i nā lālā ʻokiʻoki me kahi kapa ʻeleʻele, ma laila, ma ke ʻano he nānā ʻana, ʻike ʻoe i nā lau heʻolu mākeke i kau ʻia ma 2/3 o ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopiliʻia me nā mea kanu kumu me nā hua liʻiliʻi hapa-centimeter, ʻo ka hua procera me nā wana kiko a me nā hua elongated he mea nani hoʻi.

Horsetail conifer, a i ole Hoʻokahi ʻo Ephedra, a i ole Mauna mauna Ephedra (Ephedra equisetina) - kahi pua nani, kūwaho kūpono e hiki ke hele i kahi kiʻekiʻe a i ka hapalua mika ma ka moʻomeheu māla. He poʻomanaʻo ka nui a me ka pua stiffer, me nā internode a hiki i 2 cm i ka lōʻihi, nā kala ulaula. Kāhea ʻia nā huaʻai, ʻulaʻula, ʻōleʻomaʻo. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka lāʻau i ulana ʻia ai kahi "curly", lei lei aliʻi.

Ephedra daursky, a i ole Ephedra Daurian, Nā: Ephedra Kina, Pseudopapillary Ephedra, a i ʻole ʻo Ephedra Chinesis, Ephedra Pseudopapillary (Ephedra dahurica) ua hoihoi i ka ʻalani a me kāna hua ʻoki i luna o nā poʻo, kūwili kekahi i nā pua. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kala ʻalaʻala, a hiki i 5 cm o nā pelemele ke hāʻawi i ke ʻano he "wild" ʻano, a me nā ʻōuli ʻulaʻula o nā hua, like like me nā hua like, he lahilahi ka nui a hiki i ka 1 cm a ka lōʻihi.

Ua kiʻekiʻe ʻo Ephedra, a ua kiʻekiʻe paha ʻo Ephedra, a ua kiʻekiʻe paha ʻo Ephedra (ʻo Ephedra koʻikoʻi). © Nā wahi

Horsetail conifer, a i ʻole Ephedra horsetail, a i ʻole hoʻi ʻo Ephedra mauna (Ephedra equisetina). © Drew Avery

Ephedra daursky, a i ʻole Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica).

ʻO kahi kaʻawale, pono ke hoʻākāka i nā ʻōhua like ʻole o ka ephedra, hiki iā ia ke lawe mai i nā loiloi kūlohelohe loa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kīhāpai iʻa.

Ephedra, a i ole Ephedra ephedra (Ephedra monosperma) - ka nānā liʻiliʻi, ke nānā aku, ke kahaha ʻana i nā ʻōpala maikaʻi a me ka lepo i kālai ʻia. Manaʻo kēia ephedra e uhi i nā palapū me nā lei ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ka wā e ruby, he hua nui nā hua i luna o ka lei aliʻi, me he mea la he mea kilokilo paha. I ke kiʻekiʻe, palena kēia lāʻau coniferous i 10 cm, e ulu ikaika ana, wikiwiki, pālahalaha lālā, a hoʻokumu i nā pale i kū hoʻokahi. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka decorativeness, hiki ke loaʻa wale ka mea hoʻokūkū me ia, a hiki i ka 10 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a like nā hulu lōʻihi Ephedra Fedchenko, a i ole Ephedra Fedchenko (Ephedra momonatschenkoae).

Aneane haʻahaʻa, akā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a me ka Ephedra Gerard, a i ole Ephedra Gerard (Ephedra gerardiana) Hoʻohiki i ka 5 cm noa i ke kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi ʻo ia e mahalo i nā lālā ʻūpī o nā keʻokeʻo me nā lau wale nō ka hapalua, a me nā hua hapalua. ʻO kēia ephedra i kahi kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 15 cm hōʻailona hōʻailona me nā lau lōʻihi.

Pākuʻi lua-ʻelua spike, a i ole Ephedra lua-kahapaha (Ephedra distachya) ua ʻike maopopo ʻia mākou e ka inoa ʻo mauʻu ʻo Kuzmichev. Ke hōʻea wale nei i ka 15-30 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe, hana ia i kahi lei maikaʻi o nā lālā, nā lālā lālā ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻāpana pololei. Hiki i kēia conifer ke hana i kahi hopena kūʻokoʻa o nā kala ākea mau loa. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano ka ʻoliʻoli ʻana i ka uliuli a ʻulaʻula me ka hoʻololi lohi ʻana i ka leo o ka berry cone.

Nā kuhi puka ʻana i ka māla e ulu ana a 20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe e helu ʻia a Palapala uleʻa, a i ole Ephedra dwarf (Ephedra minuta) me nā hua wīwīwīwili o ke kino, keokeo emerald tone a me nā hua hua ʻiʻo.

Ephedra dwarf a Ephedra dwarf (Ephedra minuta)

Ephedra hoʻokahi-hua, a ʻo Ephedra hoʻokahi-seeded (Ephedra monosperma). Konoono. © ukininko

ʻO Ephedra Gerardiana, a i ʻole ʻo Ephedra Gerard

Hoʻolohe Ma ke Kī Aupuni i ka lā 3 o Kepakemapa 2004, nā mākaʻi o nā ʻohana Khvoynik (Ephedra) komo i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu e loaʻa ai nā mea kincotic i pāpā ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wahi o ka Russian Federation. Ma ka Repubalika o Belarus, ua helu ʻia ka mauʻu coniferous me ka hui o nā mea noʻonoʻo psychotropic i lalo o ka hoʻokele aupuni.

Hoʻohana na conifers i loko o ka māla hoʻolālā:

i ka hoʻolālā hiʻona;
e hoʻoponopono i nā palu a me nā Massif;
no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me nā palapala ʻāina i nā kālaʻau;
no na palena ma ke alo o na mahinaai;
e hoʻopiʻi i nā nalu, nā hau hoʻoili i kahi mea hoʻolālā;
ma muli o kahi kikoʻī i loko o ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana (ma muli o nā hulu manu ke kū nei ia i kū i ke kūlana o kekahi mea kanu);
me kahi mea kanu loea a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lepo.

ʻO ia ka ka ʻōlelo o ka ephedra, ka mea like me ka porcupine i kekahi, i kekahi - nā hulu wīwī, a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - kokoke i ke one lepo - ka nui a me ka kūʻokoʻa o ka mea kanu.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ephedra e nā ʻike o nā mea narkotic, ʻo kona māla a me ka hāʻawi ʻana ma muli o ka ephedrine ua pāpā ʻia e ke kānāwai. ʻAʻole pili kēia mau kuʻuna i nā mea kanu hoʻokahi i ulu i ka mea hiʻona. A ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā manu me ka waihona kiʻekiʻe o ka ephedrine i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻonani i kāu pūnaewele me kahi mea kanu nani, kūʻai i nā mea kanu a i mea kanu paha i ulu me kahi mea kanu lāʻau i nā mea kanu, loko o nā keʻena māla a i nā mea hōʻike paha, e nānā i ka laikini a me nā palapala hōʻoia no ka ulu ʻana i kēia hōʻana.

Ke koho nei i nā hoahana no ka ephedra: nā kuʻuna, nā hale lole, nā ʻōpala

Green conifer, Mormon tea, Ephedra ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Ephedra viridis). © ʻO Alex Grover

Nā koi e pono ai no ka conifer

ʻO ka koho o nā mea e ulu ai no nā mea kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻailona ephedra e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā makemake o nā mea kanu, "hoʻohuli ʻia" mai ka hihiu a ʻaʻole hoʻi e loli i ka moʻomeheu i ke āpau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ephedra āpau i kahi maloʻo maloʻo, ka ʻūhā, ke ʻihi, ka wao nahele a me ka aneane mau i nā ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole.

No nā mea conifers āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka one-seeded, pono e hoʻolako i kahi wahi o ka lā. Hiki i nā mea kiʻekiʻe o nā conifers ke hele mai i kahi ʻōlelo me kahi wahi lihilahi, akā, ʻo ka hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa o nā conifers a pau, me ka ʻole o ka mea, ke loaʻa wale ia ma nā pūnaewele me ka nui o ka uila e hiki ai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻopili maikaʻi nā conifers me nā papa hana, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka makani, a ʻaʻole e hōʻike i nā ʻano hoʻowalewā o ka pehu o ka lewa.

Pono ka lepo no ka ephedra i kahi kikoʻī: makemake kēia mea kanu i ka maloʻo maloʻo, luʻu maikaʻi ʻia me kahi hopena alkaline maoli. He mea nui loa ia e hāʻawi i ka lepo calcareous no ka pāliki pālua pālua, akā, nā kanu āpau ʻē aʻe e kanu ʻia i loko o ka lepo me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka lime lime. ʻAʻole ka loina no ka ephedra i hoʻokahi o nā kūlana hiʻona, akā ke kumu ikaika o ka lepo. No kēia kiʻī, pono e koho i nā kūlana i hiki ʻole i kahi ākea ke ʻano o ka pau ʻana o ka wai wā pōkole. Overmoistening no nā ʻano coniferous ʻole ma waho he make, ʻo ia no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAno maikaʻi ka lāʻau coniferous undergrowth i loko o ka papa pōhaku, ma nā papa pōhaku me nā pōhaku o nā pōhaku a me nā kīhāpai pōhaku. Inā kanu ʻia ka ephedra i nā moena pua a i ʻole ka lepo maʻamau, a laila ikaika, hoʻonoho ʻia i ka wahi kiʻekiʻe i ka lua o nā mea kanu.

Ke kanu lāʻau ʻana

No ka ephedra, pono e mākaukau ka pae ʻāina. Pono ka hohonu hohonu o ka lepo, lawe ʻia ma luna o ka pā nui o ka ulu o ka ephedra (ma ka laima o ka lua kanu) a hui pū ʻia me ke one e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka wai. Inā ʻaʻole hāleʻa ka lepo, hoʻohuihui ʻia ka pā ma ia mea (ʻo ka mea ua hiki i ka loli ke wehe ʻia). ʻO nā lepo me kahi pale a i ʻole ka acidic lime, e hoʻokō i nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono. No ka mea kanu, pono ke waiho ʻia kahi papa kahawai kiʻekiʻe (mai 15 a 20 cm) ma lalo o nā lua kanu.

Ua pena palaka ʻo Ephedra i nā ʻōlelo o ke kanu. Hiki i kēia lāʻau kanu ke lawe i kou māla i ka pūnāwai, a i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka wā o ka ʻohi. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ʻelua mau manawa i makemake ʻia no ka conifer:

mai ka waena o Aperila a hiki i ke kolu o makahiki o Mei;
mai ka kolu o ka makahiki o Augate a hiki i Sepatemaba 15.

Ke lawe ʻia nei ka kanu ʻia ʻana o ka ephedra e like me nā hana maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomohū i ka ʻāʻī aʻa, e pono e noho ma ka pae like me ka ulu mua. No ka kanu ʻana ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono ʻia, akā ʻaʻole like me ka hapanui o nā mea kanu, akā lawe ka wai ma ka perimeter o ka lua kanu. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, irrigated e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wā pau wale nō, ke hoʻomau nei i ka kaila like ʻole e hana ai.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Ephedra

Ua hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia ʻo Ephedra i waena o nā mea kanu keu, ʻoi loa a me ka maloʻo-aloha. Holo aku ka mālama ʻana iā lākou e mālama i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lepo, kāna auwai a me ka hiki ke hele i ka wai.

ʻAʻole pono ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻia e like me ia no ka ephedra. Akā inā wela ka wela o ka wā, a ʻaʻohe wai no nā mahina maoli, a laila e kōkua ka mīkini i ka lāʻau e kanu i nā hua maikaʻi. No nā ephedra, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2-3 nā hana hoʻohālikelike ʻana, a komo a hiki wale i ke kauwela. Ke lawe nei i ka hoʻomango ʻana i ka lepo, pono ʻoe e makaʻala ʻaʻole e ninini pololei i ka wai mai nā lāʻau, e hoʻomoʻi ana iā ia a puni ka perimeter, 15-20 cm mai nā ʻaoʻao waho o ka turf.

ʻAʻole pono nā conifers e lulu ma mua, me ka ʻole o nā hihia i ka mahiʻai i ka ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka hōʻino o ka hua. I kēia hihia, hoʻokahi manawa hoʻokahi, i ka makahiki mua, i nā hōʻiliʻili paʻa, nā mea kanu a me nā hui ʻana o nā minela i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lepo.

Akā ʻo ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻana no ka ephedra e hoʻomau ana i ka lepo. Hoʻolaha ʻia ke kaʻina hana mua a hiki i ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lepo, a hoʻomoʻo ia i ka maikaʻi loa. Akā no ka mea e loaʻa ka mea kanu huaʻai nui loa, e pono e hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka lūlū, me ka ʻaoʻao o ka lua o ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole kū pololei i nā wana. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e kaumaha iā ʻoe iho me ka wehe ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pūnāwai e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lepo o ka lepo. No ka ephedra, hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā pono, kahi hoʻohui o ke one me ka manure, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wehe pinepine ʻia i kēia hihia hiki ke lawe ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa hou - i ka hāʻule, i hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hua. Inā ʻaʻole lawe ʻia ka mulching, a laila pono e hana ʻia ka hana o ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo i kēlā me kēia mahina.

Hoʻolilo ʻo Conifer

ʻAʻole makaʻu nā ephedra a pau i ka hau. ʻAʻole e like me ka mākū, hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i hui pū ʻia me ke anu. Ma nā wahi kahi e pili ai ka lohi o ka meltwater, ka wai wai me ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hāʻawi i kahi paʻa palekana no ka ephedra. Akā inā ua koho ʻoe i nā kūlana kūpono a kau i ka hoʻoheheʻe, a laila hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo i ka mulching hope o ka lepo ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana. No ka ulululu pale pale, hoʻohana wale ʻia nā mea kanu maloʻo.

Pest a me ka hoʻomake

Hiki i ka maʻi Ephedra ke hōʻeha wale ʻia mai i hoʻokahi mai maʻi - pala i ka wā kahawai. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā mea popo a me nā pilikia kīhāpai iā lākou.

Ephedra pana

ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā conifers i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea kanu. I ka pūnāwai, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōnaʻi o nā aʻa mai nā mea kanu, akā ke kaʻawale nei, a me ke ola lōʻihi ʻana, pono ke ahonui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā aʻa mai ka lāʻau nui mai ka nahele ma ke kū he 10-15 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, kanu ʻia ma kahi mamao o 10 cm mai kēlā me kēia ma nā lua i ke kahua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me, me ka hoʻōla maʻamau mau ʻia i lalo o kahi pōpoki a i ʻole ʻoniʻoniʻoni. Ke ʻoki maʻalahi ʻana i ka ʻoi loa ma ʻAkake hapa hapalua lignified ʻokiʻoki. Hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka palu o ke one, peat a me ka ʻāina māla i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo maloʻo.

Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ma ka lulu ʻana i nā hua ma ka pūnāwai. Lawe ka panina i ka huina o 1 mahina, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia stratification. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka lūlū i nā hua ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole pono ka hohonu o nā hua kanu i ka 2-3 cm, pono e mālama iki ka lepo, akā me ka wai ʻole o ka wai.