I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi o nā hua pōhaku, ua hoʻohāʻule ka poʻe māla i kahi hāʻule kūwaho i ka huahana a me ka pono e hōʻoki i nā mea kanu līkō ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka wahi nui i waena o nā kumuhana mālama i ka maʻi ceri a me ka hakakā ʻana iā lākou, nā kiʻi a me ka wehewehe o nā maʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kōkua i ka poʻe nona nā kīʻaha hale i nā manawa e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka pilikia, hakakā iā ia a hoʻokumu i ka pale ʻana.
A hiki i ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia hope, ʻaʻohe mau a ʻo nā mea nānā koʻikoʻi ma nā pāla a puni ka ʻāina o ka US US mua. A ʻo nā ʻano ʻehā kahiko, ʻo ia ka mea i makemake ʻia e leʻaleʻa i nā kamaʻāina, inā ʻaʻole ka nui a maikaʻi loa, akā, ʻo nā hua he nui. Akā mai ka 60s, i ka nui o nā wahi, ua ulu nui nā hua cherry me nā lau ʻole i ka waena o ke kauwela, a ua liʻiliʻi nā hua liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia iā lākou. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka coccomycosis mai ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻEulopa. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kamaʻilio nā māla ʻo Lūkini i kahi ʻano ʻēheʻe hou aʻe o ka ʻōpū lāʻau - moniliosis. I kēia lā, ʻo kēia mau maʻi ka mea nui, akā ʻaʻole wale ka ʻenemi o nā ʻalāla ʻoka ma Rusia. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumulāʻau a me nā huaʻai e ka scab, hole spotting, gumming a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe.
I loko o ka wahi o ka hoʻomohala nui o nā maʻi cherry a me nā pōpoki, aia nā māla o ke Keʻāina-Komohana o ka ʻāina, ka ʻāina ʻo Non-Chernozem a me nā wahi e kokoke ana. I ka palekana palekana, ka kanu kanu ʻana o nā wahi i me ka mahana a me ka ke anuanu, no ka laʻana, ka Caucasus, ka ʻāina Volga, nā Kuban a me ka hema o ka mokuna o Black Earth. Akā maanei, me ka mālama ʻole ʻana, mālama a me ka pale ʻana, aia kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Coccomycosis: kahi wehewehe i ka maʻi cherry me nā kiʻi
ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa o ka huaʻai e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā maʻi fungal o ka ceri. ʻO kekahi hāpilikia weliweli a me ka hoʻopunipuni ʻo ka coccomycosis. Hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻi pālahalaha e nā wā maloʻo lōʻihi inā hoʻoheheʻe ka ea i 20-24 ° C. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano i ka mea i hoʻopili ai i ka mālamalama kumu, ʻo ka fungus Coccomyces hiemalis, hoʻopōmaikaʻi kūʻokoʻa, hoʻonui ʻia a me nā maʻi o nā mea kanu.
Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ke kauwela, a ʻike nui ʻia kāna mau hōʻailona me nā lau.
- Hoʻouku a ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā lau o ka lau.
- Ke ulu iki lākou, kūleʻe nā ʻōpala i loko o ka waenakonu, a ma hope o ka pale, aia nā wahi me kahi palala pinkish.
- Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka coccomycosis, make ke mau lau a hāʻule i ka lua o ke kauwela o ke kauwela, e waiho ana i nā lālā i kahi kahaha.
Ke hoʻoholo wale nei ma nā hōʻailona o waho, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka coccomycosis i kahi maʻi lau o ka lau. Akā ua pololei kēia manaʻo. Ma muli o ka nalowale nui o nā ʻāpana uliuli o ka lei, ua nā nā lālā cherry a nāwaliwali a paʻa ʻole no ka hoʻoilo. A ke hopena, pau ka ʻāpana o nā ʻōpala i ka pūnāwai, ua hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻino i nā lālā o kaʻoki a me nā ʻoki.
Aia i ka makahiki mua ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka ceri i ka huahana, a laila e emi ana ke ano o ka pilaf. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻoikaika wikiwiki i ka hakakā i ka maʻi, ceri, a me ka kiʻi i ka kiʻi, make i kekahi mau makahiki e hiki mai ana.
ʻO kahi hina i hala i ke waena waena o ke kauwela e makaʻala pono i ka māla. Pono nā ʻōpala āpau e hoʻopau a luku ʻia, a mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me ka wai o Bordeaux, he hopena ʻā o ka hao sulfate a i nā fungicides systemic paha. Hoʻopili hou ka hana kuhi e like me nā ʻōlelo i hala ma hope o 7-14 lā i ka mahina mua.
ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale i ka maʻi fungal o ka cherry ke kuhikuhi ana i ka luku ʻana i ka pathogen a pale i kona pālahalaha ʻana i nā lāʻau olakino.
Me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pīpīpī i ka palena o ka hopena, a me ka wā mākū, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka coccomycosis, ua hānai ʻia nā cherries i ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hāwī ʻana o nā pua pua, a ma ka hope o ka pua o nā mea kanu.
I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka hikiʻole o nā huipule o nā kālā i hoʻopau ʻia. Hoʻopau ʻia nā hua i koe ma nā lālā, nā lima, nā pale hanu i pale ʻia me nā pale lima a me kahi mea mālama. I mea e hopena like ai nā hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pono lākou e hāʻule ma luna o nā lau maloʻo a kāohi ʻole ʻia no 2-3 mau hola. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i ke kakahiaka a me ke mālie i ke kakahiaka a i ka wā e hoʻoiho ai, i ka wā ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka lā o ka lā.
Cherry moniliosis: kiʻi kiʻi o ka maʻi a me ke kaua kūʻē iā ia
ʻO ka Moniliosis a i kahi puhi monilial ua ʻike mua ʻia e nā māla lāʻau ma waena o Rūsia, nā Kuban, Chernozemye, a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia a me nā Urals. Aia i kekahi mau wahi, kokoke i nā mea kanu āpau o ka cherries i hoʻopiʻi i kahi mau pōpilikia, akā, ʻo ka hoʻohui, ʻo ka maʻi fungal o ka cherry i hoʻokūkū ʻia e Monilia cinerea he mea pōʻino no nā mea kanu huaʻai.
ʻO ka maʻi mua o ka lāʻau e hele ana i ka wā o ka pua, i ka wā e komo ai nā pua o ka pua a ulu i loko o ka pūpū a me ka pedicel hohonu i loko o nā kiko o ka lāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi cherry i ka pūnāwai, hoʻouka pinepine nā māla i kona mau hōʻailona no ka hopena o ka hoʻokaho ʻole ʻana a i ʻole ka hopena ʻana me nā meaola.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua maloʻo nā lālā, nā pua a me nā ʻōpio ma lalo o ka hana a kahi pua ʻalapelu e hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO nā leʻe o ka moniliosis mai ka ʻaoʻao e like me nā wahi paʻa ma ka lei nui o nā lāʻau maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe ma o nā hua a kahi i ulu ai nā kīpē o ka ʻōpū. Ma waho, ke nānā aku ka hua'ōmaʻomaʻo, nā mummified, uhi ʻia i nā uhi pale hina. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa lākou i nā lālā a, inā ʻaʻole haʻalele ʻia, hoʻomau a hiki i ka puna, lilo i ka ala hou o nā maʻi.
ʻO ka puna wai a me ke kauwela kauwela, nā hana kanu pinepine ʻole o nā lei a me nā haunaele o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana mahiai e pili ana i ka hūʻoki ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi cherry ma waena o kekahi mau makahiki, e maloʻo nā lāʻau a make.
No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka foci, e noʻonoʻo:
- hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lau i hāʻule ai, a me ka lepo i lalo o nā kumulāʻau e hāpū palaka;
- ʻoki ʻia, hopu i kahi ʻāpana lāʻau ikaika, a luku i nā lālā i pā ʻia e ka moniliosis;
- kāpae a puhi i nā koena i koe.
I ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka hāwā ʻana o nā pua, ua ʻuʻoki ʻia nā mea kanu cherry me ka wai o Bordeaux a i ʻole nā mea hoʻāla kaua. Hoʻopili hou ka hana kuhi ʻana i ka hapa lua o ka pua. ʻO ka mālama pono a uku ʻia i nā mea kanu i alu mua ʻia e kahi meaʻeha kino i ka wā ma mua. Inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi cherry i ka pūnāwai ma nā lāʻau olakino ma mua, pono ʻoe e holo aku i ke kōkua o nā fungicides systemic, no ka laʻana, Skor, Topaz a i ʻole Fundazole.
Clyasterosporiasis me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi
ʻO ka pale hole ke kolu o ka wahi e poino loa ai kēlā. ʻO Kleasterosporiosis kekahi e pili ana i nā maʻi pili o ka cérial a hoʻopilikia ʻaʻole wale i nā lau a me nā mea kanu, akā nā pua wale nō. I ka wā mua, hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho e ke kiʻi o nā ʻōpū brownish-brown. Ke ulu lākou, e maloʻo nā ʻili i loko a wāwahi, waiho ana nā lua ākea nui. ʻO ka lau ʻōpala i hoʻopō ʻia a hāʻule, hāʻule nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka ninini a maloʻo. Nā pua e ku nei i ka hoʻoilo:
- i ka lepo;
- ma ke koena o ka laumikō huaʻaila;
- loko o loko i loko o ka cortex;
- i nā mea kanu ʻōpala.
Hoʻopili i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau a me ka luku ʻana i nā lau hāʻule a kanu i ka lei, no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi, nā pepeiaʻi a me ka lepo a puni ka pūnāwai i hoʻoulu ʻia me kahi hopena o ke keleawe keleawe a i ʻole Horus.
Ke hoʻolālā ʻana e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, e like me ke kiʻi, loaʻa ka maʻi cherry i ka hana wikiwiki. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia nā manu fungicides a ʻo Bordeaux paha. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hana piha ʻana i ka hana nui, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka papa cone ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a hoʻopau ʻia me nā lā kauwela, kahi he 20 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Hana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka kiʻi ʻana i ka brown a me ka lepo i nā lāʻau hua. I nā kūlana ʻelua, ke nānā ʻia nei ka mea māla me ka hiʻohiʻona ma nā lau a me nā ovaries o kaʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula, kahi hōʻike i ka hana o nā pūpū maikaʻi. E hoʻopilikia wale kēia mau maʻi āpau i ka hoʻopuka a me nā waiwai o nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hua, nāwaliwali i nā mea kanu. No laila, ma ka lohi iki, e pono ai ka māla ʻaʻole wale i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi cherry, akā pū kekahi me nā pōpilikia, no laila e lilo i ka mea kanu i makemake ʻia a me ka maʻalahi.
Cherry scab: kahi wehewehe o ka maʻi a me kona mālama ʻana
ʻO ka pinepine, ka ʻōpala, ke kumu hoʻi i nā fungi, ua ʻike ʻia i nā kumulima a me nā pears, akā hiki ke pili pū i nā hua pōhaku i loko o nā māla home. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi maʻi, e like me ka kiʻi, ma ka cherry, ʻo ka hakakā ʻo ia e pono e hoʻokō ʻia e like me ka moniliosis a i ʻole ke kala ʻana.
Kākele nā kahu ʻōpala me nā puʻupuʻu waena neʻe e ulu wale ma nā lau. Hopu lākou i ka ninini i nā hua a hoʻēmi ʻemi i ke ʻano o ka mea ʻai, e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā huaʻai ʻole kūpono no ka meaʻai a no ka hoʻoili ʻana.
ʻO ke kumu maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana a me ka kaohi ʻana i nā maʻi fungal o nā lau ʻoi aku:
- hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i nā lau hāʻule;
- ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka manawa a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe o ka lei;
- e ʻeli ana i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau;
- ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala me ka hopena o ka fungicide, kele chloroxide a i ka Bordeaux wai.
E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, lawe ʻia ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana i kekahi mau manawa e like me nā ʻōlelo i koho ʻia e ke kumu lāʻau.
ʻO Gommosis: kahi wehewehe o ka maʻi cherry me nā kiʻi
ʻO nā loina o ka gum ka mea i kū mai ma luna o ka ʻōpala a me nā lālā o ka cherry kekahi maʻi. ʻO nā maʻi hommosis a me nā maʻi aʻopa paha ma nā kumu he nui:
- ʻaina ka lā;
- ka ʻike ʻana i ka hau;
- hoʻohana 'ole kūpono o ka hoʻolaha;
- ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hana ʻino i ka cortex.
I ka manawa mua, he wahi mea e hoʻoweliweli ʻole i ka ola e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli ʻia he harbinger o nā hopena maikaʻi loa ʻole. Ma ka pūnaewele kahi e hoʻopilikia ai ka cambium, ua ʻoki a kāpae ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lāʻau, akā ke ala no nā fungi maikaʻi, nā ala ʻē aʻe o nā maʻi cherry a ua wehe piha nā pōpoki.
I kēia hihia, he mea nui ia e pale i ke ʻano o nā hōʻili hou, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka wikiwiki a me ka hiki. I mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lei, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana me ka lāʻau var. ʻO ka wīwī hopena e pihi mua me ka hoʻomehana ʻia o kahi o 1% o ka keleawe keleawe.
ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi e pale i nā cherries mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, nā mea maʻi a me nā mea hoʻopalapiha e ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia mau lā ke hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō maikaʻi maikaʻi, hilinaʻi wale i nā ʻano varietal a me ka mālama maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka prophylactic a me ka therapeutic i nā fungicides i nā palaka pilikino ke kumu kūʻai. Akā ʻo nā mea e pili ana ka maikaʻi loa o ko lākou nāwaliwali. Hiki i ka pēpē i ka lua o ke kolu o ka makahiki hiki ke hoʻololi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau mua ma mua. No laila, pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu i ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole poina e pili ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻana a me ka nānā pono i ka kanu ʻana.
Hoʻopiliʻia me ka hoʻouluʻana me nā fungicides, pono nā lāʻau cherry:
- i ka pūnāwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia o ka lei;
- i ka hōʻea mau ʻana i nā kumulāʻau maʻamau i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau 3-4 mau makahiki;
- i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lau hāʻule a me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea a pau a maloʻo, maloʻo e waiho ana ma nā lālā;
- i nā pupuk kūleʻa a koi kauoha i ka māla.
Inā pālahalaha nā maʻi no nā hua pōhaku ma kahi o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māla hale i ka manawa e kau ai i ka māla e mālama pono i nā koho o nā ʻano a ʻokiʻoki a me nā pōpoki.
