Vodyanika (Empetrum) - he pua o ka evergreen palupalu me nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Heather me nā lau e like me nā moʻo a me nā pua nondescript; ka pālahalaha aʻe i ka Honu Hemolele, i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka kuke ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna a ma ke ʻano kanu lāʻau.
Holo wai waiʻeleʻele, bisexual (Empetrum nigrum subsp. Hermaphroditum). © Hörður KristinssonMa mua, ʻekolu kānaka - Vodyanik, Corema, a me Ceratiola - i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi ʻohana Vodianikov kahi ʻokoʻa (Empetraceae), akā e like me nā hopena o nā haʻawina genetic e APG, ua hoʻemi ʻia kēia taxon i kahi pae o ka ʻohana Vodianikov (Empetreae) i loko o Eric Eric subfamily (Ericoideae) o ka ʻohana Heather.
Ke poʻo inoa
The Latin name of the genus mai hele mai i ka ʻōlelo Helene en "on" a me petros "pōhaku" - a hui pū ʻia me ka noho o ka mea kanu.
ʻO nā inoa ʻōiwi Lūkini o ka mea kanu ʻo Bagnovka, Voronik (e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻula), bear berry, booze, ssyha (ma muli o ka hopena diuretic o nā huaʻa), mossberry (ʻoi paha ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka pulp a me ka nui o nā wai piha), mauʻu ʻeleʻele, shiksha , ʻeono.
ʻO Vodyanika ʻulaʻula (Empetrum rubrum). © Convallaria majalisNā inoa ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe: English. Puʻuwai, ʻaole Krahenbeeren, pau. Variksenmarja, fr. Kamaile ʻO ka unuhi ʻōlelo pelekane mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekane, Kelemānia a me Finnish kekahi ʻano hanven.
Kahele
Ua kehele ʻia ʻo Vodyanika ma ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe loa - mai ka pae hanahana a i ka mokupuni (Russia, ka Continental Western Europe mai Finland a Sepania, Great Britain, Iceland, Greenland, USA, Canada, Japan, Korea, North China, Mongolia).
ʻO ka Codderberry ua loaʻa i loko o kaʻulaka ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hema - ma the Chilean Andes, ma Tierra del Fuego, ma nā Falkland Islands (Malvinas), a me nā mokupuni o Tristan da Cunha. Ma Lūkia, ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ka mea kanu ma nā wahi ʻākau, i Siberia, ma ka ʻIkeka ʻAiʻao, me Sakhalin, Kamchatka a me nā ʻāpana o Kuril; i loaʻa ma ke kahua non-chernozem. Homnik vodikiniki - ʻĀina Hemolele. ʻO kona keʻaola bipolar i kēia manawa e pili ana me ka ke komo ʻana o ka mea kanu i ka hema ma ke ʻano o Ice Age.
ʻO nā hale kanu lāʻau maʻamau ka sphagnum bogs, moss-lichen a he rock tundra, coniferous (maʻamau pine) mau lāʻau, kahi i hana pinepine ai i uhi uhi mau. Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Vodyanika ma nā puʻu hamama (scythes, dunes), ma nā ahu granite; ulu nā mauna i nā subalpine a me nā ʻenekia alpine.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke koiola
Vodyanik - kahi pīhoihoi kūpeʻe, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe eʻoi aʻe ma mua o 20 cm, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o nā wana ke hiki i 100 cm.
ʻEleʻele ka Vodyanika, a ʻulaia, a i ʻole shiksha (Empetrum nigrum). © Ole HusbyHoʻoulu ʻia ia i nā wahi - nā pale, kēlā me kēia mea e hōʻike ai i hoʻokahi. ʻEleʻele ka poli i ka kala, uhi ʻia i nā lau, i ka wā ʻōpio ua uhi ʻia i nā lauoho brownish; nā lālā nui loa, aʻo nā lālā i hoʻokumu i lalo o nā aʻa. Ulu iki ʻo Curtina i kahi ākea a me ka nui o ka wā, ʻo ia i loko o kona kikowaena i make nā lālā. ʻO kekahi manawa, aia nā māla ākea o ka wai nui - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Voronichniki, a i ʻole Shikshevniki.
E like me kekahi mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana heather, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wīwī ke hana me ka ʻole o nā kūmole me nā hua manu: loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau minerala mai lākou, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou me nā huahana photosynthesis.
ʻO nā twigs, a hiki i ka 1 m lōʻihi, ka hūnā ʻia i loko o kahi uluna moskan, uhi ʻia nā pihi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻāpana amber.
Kahi paha nā lau, liʻiliʻi, me nā petioles pokole loa, ʻikiʻoki elliptic, 3-10 mm lōʻihi. Mālama ʻia nā kihi o ka lau a kokoke i kahi kokoke, no ka mea e like me nā lau he lau nā lau, a ua like ka mea kanu me he lāʻau Kalikimaka. ʻEhā nā lau ma kahi lālā a hiki i ʻelima mau makahiki.
Nā monoecious a i ʻole nā dioecious. ʻO nā pua nā pua, inconspicuous; me kahi perianthorphic pālua, me ʻekolu ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula a me nā pāʻina ʻekolu; hoʻokahi a i ʻole i kahi ʻāpana he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau ʻāpana. Ekolu stamens i nā pua stamen. He koʻikoʻi ka stigma, ua ʻoi aku ka ovary; ua mai ka 6 a hiki i ka 12 nests. I nā kūlana o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia, ka pua kuikoa ma ʻApelila-Mei, ma Siberia i Mei-Iune. Hoʻokokoke - me ke kōkua o nā pepeke: ua kipa ʻia nā pua puaʻa nā pōpoki, nā lele a me nā pi.
ʻEleʻele ka Vodyanika, ʻo kaʻeleʻele. © EppʻEleʻele ka hua (me kahi pua bluish) a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me kahi anawaena a hiki i 5 mm me ka ʻāʻī paʻu a me nā hua paʻakikī, like me kahi ʻano kōpaʻa. Ripens i ʻAukake. Aia ka kala i kahi kalaʻula. Hoʻomau ka huaʻai i nā hua a hiki i ka puna.
Hoʻohui kūlohelohe
Vodyanik ka i ka saponins triterpene, flavopoids (quercetin, kempferol, rutin), tannins (a hiki i ka 4,5%), nā aila pono, nā ʻenemi, Coumarins, benzoic a me ka acetic acid, anthocyanins, vitamina C, carotene, nā mea ʻimi o ke ʻano, me nā manganese , nā hāmeʻa, nā aila koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻohana
Mahele ka palupalu o nā hua, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi lākou i ka makewai, akā ka mea haʻahaʻa o nā honi a me nā waikawa ke hoʻāʻo nei i ka ʻono.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Vodyanika ma ka meaʻai maʻamau no kekahi mau kānaka maoli - no ka laʻana, ʻo Sami a me Inuit. Ua hōʻiliʻili kekahi mau ʻohana ʻAmelika i nā huaʻai no ka hoʻoilo a ua ʻai iā lākou me ka momona a he ʻaila paha; ma kahi'ē aʻe, ua hoʻomākaukau lākou i decoction a infusions paha mai nā lau a me nā ʻūpiki i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, ua mālama ʻia nā maʻi o ka maʻi me nā hua wai (hua a he hopena diuretic), a ua mālama ʻia nā maʻi maka me kahi decoction mai nā aʻa.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau kānaka Lūkini, kahi decoction a vodka tincture o nā lau a me nā kumu o ka vodnika e mālama ai i ka epilepsy, ka maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi metabol, a me ka ʻeha, ka hana a me ka mea hana anti-zingotic. ʻO kahi decoction o ka lau e manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka lauoho.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau Tibetan, hoʻohana ʻia ka grika no ka hōʻeha o ka maʻi, no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi o nā ate a me nā lolo.
No nā kumu therapeutic, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpio lau nahele ʻōpala, kahi e ʻoka ʻia i ka wā o nā mea kanu pua. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia lākou i nā haumia a maloʻo ma ka pālima a i ʻole kahi ma kahi hoʻohuihā maikaʻi, e kau ana i kahi palupalu.
ʻAi ʻia nā Berry me ka waiū a me nā huahana wai momona. Hana lākou i ka leʻaleʻa, ke aloha, ka marmalade, nā mea ukana no nā pie; e hana waina. Hoʻohana e like me ka pania no ka iʻa a me ka iʻa. I loko o ka wehewehe ʻōlelo moʻomanaʻo o ka ʻōlelo Lūkini Maikaʻi e V.I. Dahl, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Cyril - ka meaʻai Siberia i hana ʻia mai ka vodiniki me ka iʻa a me ka ʻolā (hōʻailona hōʻailona). No ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka huaʻō i loko o ka wai hau a i ʻole ma kahi i hoʻomāe ʻia. No ka mea he hua ʻaina benzoic, ʻaʻole ʻia lākou i nā kaʻina fermentation a hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka hoʻōki ʻole ʻana ma ka pahu aniani.
Kōkō wai waiʻeleʻele. © Sergey YeliseevNo ka mea he paʻapū wai ka nui o ka puaʻa anthocyanin, ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo ka lau cherry i hana ʻia mai ka grika no ka huluhulu hulu.
Kālehu
Hoʻohana ka Vodyanika e hoʻonani i nā kiʻi alpine a me nā pūpū me nā pōhaku, a me kahi pā kula maikaʻi hoʻi (ʻoiai ke kolo nei nā pihi ʻuʻuku i kahi pale, a aneane paʻa nā ʻano a pau e ka hopo ʻia), akā hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike maka i ka moʻomeheu.
ʻEnehana ʻoihana mahiai
Kūkulu nā mea kanu i kahi mamao o 30 - 50 cm mai kēlā me kēia. Kūkulu ka hohonu o ke anawaena 40 cm. Ua kanu ʻia ke kua o ka aʻa ma ka lepo ma ka 2 cm. Hoʻomakeke ʻia kahi hui ʻāina mai ka lepo turf, peat, ke one ma ka nui like ʻana. Hoʻopili aku mai ka pōhaku hina a me ke one me kahi papa o 10 cm.
Hānau ʻia nā mea kanu i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e pālahalaha ma kēlā me kēia 1 m2 50 g nitroammophoski. E hoʻomoʻi i nā mea kanu ʻōpiopio me ka peat, kahi papa o 5-6 cm.ʻO ka ʻuluʻulu nui-paʻakikī, a ʻaʻole pono nā wahi ʻē aʻe, no ka mea ʻo ia i ʻola ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. E mālama pono, kanu ʻole ka mea kanu, ka mea nui i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pua maloʻo.
Pono ka mea kanu i ka ʻai ʻana i nā makahiki mua o ke ola wale nō. A laila hoʻopau i ka aneane āpau ma kāna iho. Hoʻokahi wale wale nā lau nāu i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo i lalo o ka puʻu dulopeke i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pua ʻanuʻu o ka pāʻaina, i loko o ka mālamalama, ʻaʻole naʻe paʻakikī ke koho. Hāʻawi ʻoe i nā pālahalaha shiksha, hiki iā ia ke hōʻole i nā mea kanu lāʻau kokoke.
I ka maloʻo, pono ke shiksha i ka wai. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia e loli. Kūleʻa nā shrubs mai ke kauoha o ka hege i ka bogs ʻaʻole no ka mea makemake ʻia ka nui o ka pulupulu - ʻaʻole wale lākou i kū i ka hoʻokūkū ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻomoe ʻia e nā hua a me ka hoʻomoe.
Kōkō wai waiʻeleʻele. © ʻĀwili ❀Nā Manuia
Nui nā ʻano mea hoʻonani ʻia:
- `Bernstein` - me nā lau melemele;
- 'Irland' - me nā lau lau nui maikaʻi a me nā hua pā;
- 'Lucia' - me nā lau melemele;
- ʻ Sm smaragd` - me nā lau melemele maloʻo maloʻo a me nā lālā ʻokiʻoki.
- `Zitronella` - me nā lau melemeleʻeleʻele-melemele nā lau a me nā lālā ʻālika.
ʻAno:
ʻAʻohe ala iki aʻe i ka helu ʻana o ka genus.
Wahi a kekahi kumu, ʻo ke ʻano he monotypic; ʻO nā manu wale nō ʻo Blackweed, a ʻo Aronia (Empetrum nigrum). ʻElua mau ʻano ʻike.
- Empetrum nigrum var. asiaaticum - asia
- Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum - ʻapaniō
Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, aia nā huaʻōlelo i nā ʻano he nui.
- Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Vodyanik (Empetrum hermaphroditum). Monoecious mea kanu me nā lau ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā hua ʻeleʻele.
- ʻOnika: Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum
- ʻO Vodyanika ʻulaʻula (Hoʻopuka nā Empetrum). ʻO nā ʻano ʻAmelika Hema me nā hua ʻulaʻula. Ma nā lāʻau e hele mai ana ma waena o nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilina me ka nānā mua, ka ʻeleʻele Vodyanika.
- ʻOnika: Nā wai ʻula ʻulaʻulaʻula (Empetrum atropurpureum); Empetrum erythrocarpum; Empetrum eamesiisubsp. atropurpureum.
- ʻEleʻele ka Vodyanika (Empetrum nigrum). ʻO ka hua kanu huaʻai me nā lau melemele-ʻala a me nā hua ʻeleʻele.
- Vodyanik kokoke i Holarctic (Empetrum subholarcticum). He lāʻau ʻoono me ka hua ʻeleʻele.
ʻUlaʻula ʻia ka Vodyanika. © Serge OuacheeWahi a ka Palapala Papa Helu Papa Helu, he 4 mau ʻanoʻano, ʻo 9 mau subspecies i ʻike ʻia ma loko o nā ʻano Empetrum nigrum.
- Empetrum asiaticum.
- Empetrum eamesii.
- Empetrum eamesii subsp. atropurpureum
- Empetrum eamesii subsp. eamesii
- Empetrum nigrum.
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. albidum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. androgynum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. liiiao
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. caucasicum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. kardakovii
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. nigrum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. sibiricum
- Empetrum nigrum subsp. subholarcticum
- ʻŌpala Empetrum.
