ʻO Melba kekahi o nā ʻano kahiko loa i ka honua, i kiʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 19 a ua hauʻoli mau i nā mea kanu me nā hua ʻono. ʻO ka lā e hānau ai ka hua lāʻau āpau ʻo Melba i manaʻo ʻia ʻo 1898. ʻO nā huaʻehā mua i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hua kanu mai nā kīleʻa manuahi o nā ʻano Macintosh ʻano like loa i ka poʻe Kanaka Kanaka i Ottawa ua kākau ʻia kēlā ʻano like me ka inoa o ka mele kaulana ʻo Nellie Melba i kēlā mau makahiki. A i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai o nā hua ulu o kahi ʻano mua ʻole o ka wā e ʻohi ʻia ai ke kauwela i ʻike ʻia ma Europa a ma Rūsia.
I ka Soviet Union, ʻo ka hua meli o Melba, i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia i nā māla o kēia lā i ke kiʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka State Register a kāhea ʻia i nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina. Ma muli o ke pale kūlohelohe o ka ʻōiwi a me ka paio o ka manu ʻole o ka hua pua, ke kanu ʻia ʻana i kahi kumulāʻau ʻānele ʻaʻole ʻia i ka ʻākau o Rūsia, e komo pū ana me nā māhele Siberia a me ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina, a me ka Hūʻika.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka lāʻau meleka ʻo Melba a me nā hua
I nā lāʻau ākea pākihi o kēia ʻano, ua ʻano ʻo ia a ʻano ʻāʻī paha nā ʻano o ka lei i loko o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka makua o ka lāʻau, ʻo ka nui e lilo i ka lei a me ka ikaika o ka ʻōpala. Akā ua kokoke pololei nā mea kanu ʻo Melba, i uhi ʻia me nā lau nui o ka pakanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo saturated a me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
Ua uhi ʻia nā kihi ʻihi a me nā ʻala a nā mea kanu pālua i kahi ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole kahi ʻulaʻula. Nā pana o ka lāʻau mela:
- i ka lōʻihi awelika;
- kahi hoʻolimalima liʻiliʻi;
- ua uhi ʻia me nā lau nui, ʻalani pākole o nā lau;
- me ka nui o nā ovaries hiki i kahi paʻa.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala ma ke ʻano like me ke ʻano o nā pua nui o kahi ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka poni ʻulaʻula, ka ʻano like o ka lāʻau meleka maʻa, e like me ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Melbu e kona ʻimi e komo i loko o ka wā hua a me nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe. Aia i ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā paha, hiki i nā hua āpau mua ke ʻāpala ma kahi lāʻau ʻōpio, a hōʻiliʻili nā mea kanu mai ka 85 a 150 kg i ka hua mai kahi lāʻau ʻōpio pākeke.
Eia kekahi, a hiki i ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻohua ka hua lāʻau maikaʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia nā hua nui me ke ʻano o ka wā nui. Ua like ke ʻano o ka hua o kēia ʻanoʻano, akā i ka hapanui ma muli o ka ovary i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pulima.
Ma ka waena waena, ʻo nā hua ʻala o ka lau Melba like i ʻala i ka lua o ka lā o ʻAukake. ʻO ka paona awelika o nā pōkole o nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi o ka pōpō conical formed he 130-180 grama.
I nā pua, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka huaʻala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pakanā elongated. E like me ka wehewehe o ka lāʻau meleka ʻo Melba, he hua momona a me ke keʻena nā hua i uhi ʻia, i uhi ʻia me ka haʻi waxy e ʻike maopopo ʻia ana i ke ʻano o kahi kālaiʻana i kahi kīwaha. ʻO ka kala nui o nā hua aporo me kahi mea hoʻonā i hua ʻia a me kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi a hoʻono ʻono hoʻi he kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻehā paha keʻokeʻo i nā hua kahiko.
Na keokeo hau, a ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona me nā māka ʻulaʻula, he palapala leʻaleʻa ʻo Melba pulp, he mea mahalo nui ʻia e nā poʻe aloha ʻelua o nā hua hou a me nā loina culinary hana ʻōmato, nā kālai ʻia a me nā kinamona mai nā huaʻala o kēia ʻano. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻĀneka o Melba e nā poʻe loea i ʻoi maikaʻi loa, ka mea e hōʻoia nei i ka hui pū ʻana o ka hua, 100 grika o ia mau mea he 10,5 grami o nā puna, 13.4 mg o ka waikawa ascorbic a ma kahi o 10 grika o nā pectins.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hua i lawe ʻia mai nā lālā a hiki i 100 lā, e hoʻomanawanui i ka hele ʻana a ʻaʻole nalowale ka maikaʻi a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, ʻai ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi a me nā kau wela.
Me ka nui o nā pono, ʻo nā kumulāʻau Melba, e like me ka ho'ākāka ʻana, ʻelua mau drawbacks:
- haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēlā maʻi maʻamau o nā lāʻau hua lāʻau e like me ka meaʻala;
- ka hopena o ka manuahi i ka hau a me ka hoʻoilo hau.
Eia naʻe, me ka mālama pono a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ʻenemi, hāʻawi pinepine ʻo Melba i nā lau maikaʻi i nā ʻuala ʻala maikaʻi.
ʻO ka wehewehe o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻōpala ʻo Melba
Hōʻike ʻia ka kaulana a me ka waiwai nui o ka ʻano Melba like me ka nui o nā ʻano hoihoi a me nā ʻano like i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kona kumu a me ka komo pololei ʻana:
- ʻO ka lānai, loaʻa ma hope o ke koho ʻana i ka helu he nui ma ke kumu o Melba, Purple Ranetka, Pepin saffron a me Belfler-Chinese;
- ʻAmaʻula ʻōpala mua, i kumu ʻia e nā mea kanu Lūkini ma ke kumu ʻo Papirovki lāua ʻo Melba;
- ʻO ka Red Red, i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā loea ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke kā aʻe ʻana i nā ʻano ʻo Vesna a me Melba;
- ʻO Caravel o ke koho Kanada, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o Melba a me ka ʻano o ka Crimson Beauty;
- ʻO Prima, ʻo kēia ka hopena o ka hana a nā poʻe loea mai USA, i loaʻa ka mea kanu lāʻau i kū kūʻokoʻa i ka scab.
Eia kekahi, ma nā māla māla o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, ʻike ʻoe i nā clona Melba me nā hua lahilahi a nui e hoʻonani ʻia, hoʻonui i ka ʻāʻī o ka hoʻoilo a me ka pale ʻana i ka scab, kahi pōpilikia no ka lāʻau hua lāʻau. ʻO kēia ʻo Red Melba a me nā kaole kaikamahine Melba, i lawe ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o St. Petersburg a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke Komohana-Komohana.
Ke kanu nei i nā kumulāʻau mela Melba a mālama i nā hua kanu
Ke kanu ʻana a mālama ʻana i nā lāle meleka ʻo Melba, ʻaʻole pono ia i kekahi mau loea kūikawā a me ka ʻike mai ka māla mahiʻai, akā pono e lawe i ke koho o kahi pūnaewele no ka ulu lāʻau koʻikoʻi.
I kahi wahi i kukui maikaʻiʻia o ka lāʻau mela Melba, e like me ke kiʻi, e leʻaleʻa lākou i nā huaʻai nui. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka mālamalama, a laila e lilo nā mea ʻuʻuku, liʻiliʻi ka nui o ke kō i loko o lākou, e pili pono ana i ka ʻono.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi lāʻau ke ʻeha no ka piʻi ʻana o ka mako, ke kumu o ia mea:
- hukahuli;
- u hoʻolauna lōʻihi;
- e pili kokoke ana i ka wai lepo.
Inā aia he hopena hoʻohālikelike, hoʻolilo ʻia kahi puʻu ikaika loa a i ʻole nā pae lāʻau i kūkulu ʻia i ka pūnaewele i manaʻo ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau. Pono ka lāʻau lāʻau i ka ʻāina e loaʻa ai ka lako pono o nā mea kanu a mālama pono i ka makuhina, akā maikaʻi loa hoʻi ka hanu. Inā kanu ʻia kahi hua lāʻau ma ka lepo lepo lepo a ʻole chernozem, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke one, pit, a me ka dolomite a me ka lime palaoa me ka nui o ka wai.
ʻO ka ulu kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka lei aliʻi o ka lāʻau mela meleka e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ke kanu ʻana i kēia hōʻoki.
- Me kahi hoʻonohonoho o ka māla, ua kuhikuhi ʻia e mālama i kahi mamao o ka liʻiliʻi he 8 mika ma waena o nā lālani a me 3 mika ma waena o nā mea kanu.
- Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi pālahalaha ʻeka ʻia, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā pulu manamana he ʻehiku mau mika.
I ka wā kanu a mālama ai i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, ʻehā a me nā minima a pau nā mea kanu, ka mea i hoʻolako ʻia i ka ʻāina me ke ʻano o ka lole a me ke kūleʻa a me ke kōkua ʻana i ka hana wikiwiki o ka mea kanu, ke ulu mua a me ka ulu ʻana.
I ka manawa kanu o ka hua lāʻau, pono e hoʻonoho ka lepo, a pono e hoʻomohala hou nā mea ola i ʻole e ʻeha ʻia nā aʻa ʻōpala o ka lāʻau ʻōpiopio. Hoʻopili maikaʻi loa ka ʻōnaehana o ka hua kanu, a paʻa pono i ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua me ka lepo, ʻaʻole pono e uhi ʻia ka ʻāʻī kumu. ʻOiai ke ʻano o nā lāʻau ʻula ʻo Melba, e like me ka wehewehe, hiki i ka ʻōlapa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, i ka wā o ka wā lūlū e pale ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio a ʻike ʻia kahi uhi hau kū ma ka pūnaewele. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lako uhi e hoʻokuʻu i ka lewa a hāʻawi i ke komo ʻana i nā kumu o nā rodents a me nā pōpoki.
I nā makahiki he mua o ke ola ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi lāʻau lāʻau, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka mea kanu i ka normalization, e kāpae mua i nā mea āpau i ka pūnāwai, a laila hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pua. Mālama kēia hana i ka lāʻau ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e hoʻonui wikiwiki a loaʻa ka ikaika no ka lāʻau maoli. I nā makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ukana ma luna o ka lāʻau ma ke wāwahi i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka nui o kahi pā.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā kumulāʻau Melba
No ka launa mua ʻana, pono ke mālama ʻia i ka mea mua o ka lāʻau āpau i ka wā mua. E like me ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea pīpī manuʻai mai 5 a 15 kg i hoʻokahi mika i ka lepo ma lalo o ka lei. A i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mea kanu no ka pua, i ka hoʻohui a i ka manure paha, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka lole luna e pono e hoʻopili i ka minima minima a i ʻole kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka 45-55 mau pālima pākela haneliide a me 120-145 mau pā o ka superphosphate no kēlā kumulā lāʻau. ʻO ka lehu lāʻau kekahi kapa maikaʻi maikaʻi no ka kumulāʻau meleka ʻo Melba. ʻO ka nui a me ka nui o ka hoʻohālikelike o ka māla hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea kūlohelohe o nā lāʻau o ka nui o ka lāʻau, ka hoʻomōholo lepo a me nā hiʻohiʻona climatic.
I ka manawa o ke kauwela, a i ka hapa ʻelua a i ʻAukake paha, hānai ʻia nā hua lāʻau 2-3 i ka wai me nā mea i hoʻopiha ʻia o ka nitrogen nitrogen, no ka laʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka 1 o 10 mau ona me ka infusion o humus, manure, ʻano manure a i ʻole he "green green" e pili ana i ka nettle, cereals a i ʻole mauʻu.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā huaʻai, he mea nui e kaupalena i ka hana ʻana o ke kanikau e nā lāʻau, e hoʻopili ʻia ana me ka ʻūhā ʻana o nā wana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā hua lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka inu wai lāʻau i ke kauwela
Pono ke kūpono no ka lāʻau, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka manawa e kanu ai i kahi lāʻau āpau a i ka wā o ke ola o ka mea kanu. Inā i ka puna i ka wai i ka meltwater, a laila i ke kauwela, i ka wā e kū mai ai ka ovary a ʻūhū ka hōʻiliʻili, ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau āpau ke hana me ka wai ʻole. Aia i ka hiki o ka ʻāina ke hoʻomau i ka wai a me nā kūlana o ke aniani, pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lāʻau pākeke ke 10 a 18 mau lita wai i ka hebedoma.
ʻO ka kanu nui i nā kumulāʻau i ke kauwela he mea nui loa ia i ka wā mai Iulai a ʻAukake, i ka wā o nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ke kauwela ua ulu i nā ulu hua. Inā ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā lāʻau hua i ka wai i kēia manawa, ma lalo o ka lei e ʻike ʻoe i nā hua kīnā ʻole hāʻule.
Akā ke lilo nei ka nalowale o ka hua i ka mahina ʻai ʻaʻole wale i kēia makahiki, akā, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai i nā mahina o ke kauwela aia nō ke kau o kahi pua pua, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i nā hua i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻomōhala maoli i nā kumulāʻau i ke kauwela a hiki i ka waena o ʻAukake, a laila hoʻomoʻa i ka lepo i ka pōʻai-kokoke e paʻa inā pono. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka umu ma ka hopena o ke kau e hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o nā hua, akā maikaʻi ke hoʻopilikia i ka make o nā hua hopena.
Aia i ke kauwela ke ulu i ka mulching o ka lepo ma lalo o ka lei o ka lāʻau meleka o Melba i mea nui loa. Mālama kēia ʻano i ka friability o ka lepo a pale i ka makika e pono ai no ka lāʻau e hoʻokuʻe.
Ka hana ʻana o ka lei aliʻi a me ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau meli o Melba
ʻO ka kūpono kūpono a me ka manawa o ka hua lāʻau kāwele ke kī nui i ke olakino lāʻau a me ka hua maʻamau. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kēia hana he ala mua, no ka mea ke ʻano o ka hoʻōla o ka wai wai a me ka ala aʻe o nā pua ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka i nā lāʻau hua.
ʻO nā makahiki liʻiliʻi o ke ola, pono ka lāʻau āpau i nā hana kanu formative, e hoʻopiʻi i kahi lei maikaʻi a maikaʻi o ka lei no ka fruiting maʻamau.
No ka wikiwiki o ka waiho ʻana i nā lālā huaʻai, ʻoki ʻia ke kalepa nui e kahi kolu, ka mea e kaupalena i ka ulu mua o ka lāʻau a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wana ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopili iki kekahi lāʻau pālua i ka huahana, a hoʻohuli ʻia ka hua nui i ke kumu kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa o ka lei. Me kēia hihia, ʻo ka lāʻau meleka Melba, e like me ka mea i ke kiʻi, pono ia i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka hōʻiliʻili anti-kahiko. I mea e hōʻole ʻole ʻia ai ka mea kanu, lawe ʻia ka nui o nā lālā he nui, me ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā pua he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
